Suliman MA, Olarewaju TA, Basheer C, Lee HK. Microextraction and its application for petroleum and crude oil samples.
J Chromatogr A 2020;
1636:461795. [PMID:
33340743 DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461795]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum is an extremely heterogeneous material. It consists of a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic, and compounds containing heteroatoms such as metals, sulfur, and nitrogen. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods are used globally as accepted analytical methods for petroleum, petrochemicals, and fuels. A major drawback of ASTM methods is that they require multistep sample preparation that consumes substantial volumes of samples. Thus, the challenge in the petrochemical analysis is to develop rapid and simpler sample preparation procedures that can be automated. An assessment based on the current literature, specifically on the sample preparation of petroleum samples, leads to the authors' conclusion that microextraction provides an excellent complement to current methods. In this review, solvent and sorbent-based microextraction techniques in the context of the consideration of petroleum and crude oil, and samples related to the petrochemical industry, are discussed.
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