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Degreef M, Berry EM, Covaci A, Maudens KE, van Nuijs AL. Qualitative and semi-quantitative screening of selected psychoactive substances in blood: Usefulness of liquid chromatography – triple quadrupole and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in routine toxicological analyses. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Ferreira AB, Lobo Castro A, Tarelho S, Domingues P, Franco JM. GC-MS – Still standing for clinical and forensic analysis: validation of a multidrug method to detect and quantify illicit drugs. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2021.1964598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Ferreira
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Oporto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André Lobo Castro
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Oporto, Portugal
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Tarelho
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Franco
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Oporto, Portugal
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3
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Kanu AB. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462444. [PMID: 34380070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts sample preparation techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and describes applications developed in biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene in the last two decades. The proper sample preparation technique can offer valued data for a targeted application when coupled to HPLC and a suitable detector. Improvements in sample preparation techniques in the last two decades have resulted in efficient extraction, cleanup, and preconcentration in a single step, thus providing a pathway to tackle complex matrix applications. Applications such as biological therapeutics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, environmental/industrial hygiene, forensics, glycan cleanup, etc., have been significantly enhanced due to improved sample preparation techniques. This review looks at the early sample preparation techniques. Further, it describes eight sample preparation technique coupled to HPLC that has gained prominence in the last two decades. They are (1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), (2) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), (3) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (4) Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), (5) solid-phase microextraction (SPME), (6) ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE), and (7) microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MWASE). SPE, LLE, GPC, QuEChERS, and SPME can be used offline and online with HPLC. UASE and MWASE can be used offline with HPLC but have also been combined with the online automated techniques of SPE, LLE, GPC, or QuEChERS for targeted analysis. Three application areas of biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene are reviewed for the eight sample preparation techniques. Three hundred and twenty references on the eight sample preparation techniques published over the last two decades (2001-2021) are provided. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakarr Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.
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4
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Guo Z, Huang S, Wang J, Feng YL. Recent advances in non-targeted screening analysis using liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry to explore new biomarkers for human exposure. Talanta 2020; 219:121339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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Cui X, Ni C, Liang C, Gong F, Wang R, Chen G, Zhang Y. Screening and quantitation of forty-six drugs of abuse and toxic compounds in human whole blood by capillary electrophoresis: Application to forensic cases. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Taghvimi A, Hamidi S, Javadzadeh Y. Mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction using carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the determination of tramadol in urine samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:582-590. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Taghvimi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Biothechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biothechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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7
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Yang F, Zou Y, Ni C, Wang R, Wu M, Liang C, Zhang J, Yuan X, Liu W. Magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on modified magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of cocaine and cocaine metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4234-4245. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yun Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Enriching Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology; Shanghai China
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8
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Lian R, Wu Z, Lv X, Rao Y, Li H, Li J, Wang R, Ni C, Zhang Y. Rapid screening of abused drugs by direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Forensic Sci Int 2017; 279:268-280. [PMID: 28888687 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing in cases involving drugs of abuse leads to heavy burden for law enforcement agencies, exacerbating demand for rapid screening technique. In this study, atmospheric pressure ionization technologies including direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (DART-TOF-MS)as well asdopant-assisted positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry (DAPP-IMS) without radioactivity were utilized together as the powerful analytical tool for the rapid screening and identification of 53 abused drugs.The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.05-2μg/mL when using DART-TOF-MS and 0.02-2μg when using DAPP-IMS which could satisfy the actual requirement in forensic science laboratory. The advantages of this method included fast response, high-throughput potential, high specificity, and minimal sample preparation. A screening library of reduced mobility (K0), accurate mass of informative precursor ion ([M+H]+) and fragment ions was established respectively by employing a bench-top DAPP-IMS and TOF-MS in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) mode. Then the standardized screening procedure was developed with criteria for the confirmation of positive result. A total of 50 seized drug samples provided by local forensic laboratory we reanalyzed to testify the utility of the method. This study suggests that a method combing DART-TOF-MS and DAPP-IMS is promising for the rapid screening and identification of abused drugs with minimal sample preparation and absence of chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Lian
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Lv
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai, PR China.
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9
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Screening of over 100 drugs in horse urine using automated on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for doping control. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Taghvimi A, Hamishehkar H. Carbon coated magnetic nanoparticles as a novel magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for simultaneous extraction of methamphetamine and ephedrine from urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1041-1042:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Oberacher H, Arnhard K. Current status of non-targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Remane D, Wissenbach DK, Peters FT. Recent advances of liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry in clinical and forensic toxicology — An update. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1051-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Rosano TG, Ohouo PY, LeQue JJ, Freeto SM, Wood M. Definitive Drug and Metabolite Screening in Urine by UPLC–MS-MS Using a Novel Calibration Technique. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:628-638. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Jiang F, Rao Y, Wang R, Johansen SS, Ni C, Liang C, Zheng S, Ye H, Zhang Y. Sensitive, automatic method for the determination of diazepam and its five metabolites in human oral fluid by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1873-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Sys Stybe Johansen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shuiqing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Haiying Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
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15
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Zhong Q, Shen L, Liu J, Yu D, Li S, Li Z, Yao J, Huang T, Kawano SI, Hashi Y, Zhou T. Automatic on-line solid-phase extraction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of ten antipsychotics in human plasma. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2129-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaqi Liu
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | - Dianbao Yu
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | - Simin Li
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiru Li
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | - Jinting Yao
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | | | | | - Yuki Hashi
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation; Guangzhou China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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16
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Compound identification in forensic toxicological analysis with untargeted LC-MS-based techniques. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2825-40. [PMID: 26563687 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted LC-MS/MS techniques have become indispensable tools for systematic toxicological analysis. Compound identification is based on the mass spectrometric information obtained, and this may include m/z, isotopic pattern, retention time and fragmentation information. All these different kinds of analytical features can be stored in libraries and databases. Currently, the most competent approach for compound identification involves tandem mass spectral library search. State-of-the-art databases were shown to be sensitive, specific, robust and instrument-independent. Low- and high-resolution instruments can both be used to develop efficient screening workflows. For automated and unattended acquisition of tandem mass spectral data, data-dependent acquisition control is the method of choice. Due to their impressive detection sensitivity, data-independent acquisition techniques are finding increased applicability.
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