Separation and concentration of sulfonylurea herbicides in milk by ionic-liquid-based foam flotation solid-phase extraction

Extraction of acetanilide herbicides in naked oat (Avena nuda L.) by using ionic-liquid-based matrix solid-phase dispersion-foam flotation solid-phase extraction

The herbicides in naked oat (Avena nuda L.) samples were extracted, separated, and determined by using ionic-liquid-based matrix solid-phase dispersion-solvent flotation coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. The experimental parameters were optimized and evaluated by a univariate method and orthogonal experiment. A good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 5-5000 µg/kg, and the linear correlation coefficient are between 0.9989∼0.9993. The quantification limits for alachlor, metazachlor, propanil, acetochlor, pretilachlor, metolachlor, and butachlor are 5.03, 2.62, 2.73, 4.58, 7.28, 5.05, 5.78 µg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the acetanilide herbicides at spiked concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 µg/kg ranged from 92.1 to 104.7%, and relative standard deviations were equal to or lower than 2.9%.

A review of the applications of ion floatation: wastewater treatment, mineral beneficiation and hydrometallurgy

The applications, progress and outlook of ion flotation are discussed.

Preparation of iron-based MIL-101 functionalized polydopamine@Fe3 O4 magnetic composites for extracting sulfonylurea herbicides from environmental water and vegetable samples

Here, we describe a simple one-pot solvothermal method for synthesizing MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ composites from polydopamine-modified Fe₃ O₄ particles. The composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent to rapidly extract sulfonylurea herbicides. The herbicides were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The best possible extraction efficiencies were achieved by optimizing the most important extraction parameters, including desorption conditions, extraction time, adsorbent dose, salt concentration, and the pH of the solution. Good linearity was found (correlation coefficients >0.9991) over the herbicide concentration range 1-150 μg/L using the optimal conditions. The limits of detection (the concentrations giving signal/noise ratios of 3) were low, at 0.12-0.34 μg/L, and repeatability was good (the relative standard deviations were <4.8%, n = 6). The method was used successfully to determine four sulfonylurea herbicides in environmental water and vegetable samples, giving satisfactory recoveries of 87.1-108.9%. The extraction efficiency achieved using MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ was compared with the extraction efficiencies achieved using other magnetic composites (polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)-1@polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ , and MIL-100(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ ). The results showed that the magnetic MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe₃ O₄ composites have great potential for the extraction of trace sulfonylurea herbicides from various sample types.