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Mahmoudi A, De Francia S, Paul P. Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of clarithromycin in pharmaceutical tablets. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300424. [PMID: 37650313 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Clarithromycin is a very important macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in human and veterinary medicine. This study reports the development and validation of cost-effective, simple, precise, accurate, and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of clarithromycin (CLA) in tablets. Reversed-phase chromatography was conducted using a standard column at 55°C with ultraviolet detection at 215 nm. A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile -2-methyl-2-propanol -potassium phosphate buffer was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The proposed method displayed good linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and specificity. The present HPLC was compared with capillary electrophoresis and bioassay methods and the results indicated that there was no significant difference between these methods. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated the validity of the isocratic HPLC, which allows reliable quantitation of CLA in pharmaceutical samples. Thus, it can be used as a substitute alternative methodology for the routine quality control of this medicine, in situations where other methods are less accessible in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Mahmoudi
- Research Laboratory on Bioactive Products and Biomass Valorization (LRPBVB), Ecole Normale Supérieure-Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Prasanta Paul
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and System Biology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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2
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Getahun M, Abebe RB, Sendekie AK, Woldeyohanis AE, Kasahun AE. Evaluation of Antibiotics Residues in Milk and Meat Using Different Analytical Methods. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:4380261. [PMID: 37424721 PMCID: PMC10328735 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4380261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinary drugs are pharmacologically and biologically active chemical agents. At present, veterinary drugs are extensively used to prevent and treat animal diseases, to promote animal growth, and to improve the conversion rate of feed. However, the use of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals may leave residues of the parent compounds and/or their metabolites in food products resulting in harmful effects on humans. To ensure food safety, sensitive and effective analytical methods have been developing rapidly. This review describes sample extraction and cleanup methods, and different analytical techniques are used for the determination of veterinary drug residues in milk and meat. Sample extraction methods, such as solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and cleanup methods such as dispersive solid-phase extraction and immunoaffinity chromatography, were summarized. Different types of analytical methods such as microbial, immunological, biosensor, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were discussed for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is the most widely used analytical technique for the determination of antibiotic drug residues. This is due to the powerful separation of LC and accurate identification of MS, and LC-MS/MS is more popular in the analysis of veterinary drug residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Getahun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Belete Abebe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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3
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Nasiri A, Mokhtari S, Jahani R, Daraie B, Yazdanpanah H, Faizi M, Kobarfard F. Challenges for the determination of spiramycin in aqueous matrices using LC-MS/MS: evidence for the solvent intrusion on the molecule integrity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17096-17103. [PMID: 35755590 PMCID: PMC9178440 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) is an accurate and specific technique for drug residue analysis in different matrices. The high specificity and sensitivity of the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach for detecting drugs such as aldehydes, which have the potential to change mass during the sample preparation phase, becomes a drawback during the analysis process. In this study, concerns about the intrusion of solvent molecules into spiramycin's chemical structure as an aldehydic drug as well as the stability of spiramycin in the milk matrix were addressed. Furthermore, the binding sites where the solvent molecules could bind to spiramycin molecules were investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was revealed that water, ethanol, and methanol as protic solvents can add to the formyl group of spiramycin molecules during standard solutions preparation while there was no evidence for the addition of acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide (aprotic solvents). In addition, as time passed, the peak area of spiramycin decreased either in the spiked aqueous sample or milk sample while an increase in the peak area of H2O-bound spiramycin was observed. After 96 h, more than 90% of spiramycin was converted to H2O-bound spiramycin. In conclusion, we can propose the use of aprotic solvents for the preparation of spiramycin standard solutions especially when the prepared solutions are not used instantly. Moreover, ion transitions for both spiramycin and its H2O-added form (843.6 m/z to 173.9 m/z and 861.5 m/z to 173.9 m/z, respectively) should be considered for the accurate quantification of spiramycin residue in aqueous samples such as milk. Water, ethanol, and methanol as protic solvents can add to the formyl group of spiramycin molecules during standard solutions preparation while there was no evidence for the addition of acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide as aprotic solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nasiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shaya Mokhtari
- Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran .,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Jahani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Bahram Daraie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Central Research Laboratories, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran .,Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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4
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OUP accepted manuscript. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1030-1042. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Ji B, Zhao W, Xu X, Han Y, Jie M, Xu G, Bai Y. Development of a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method based on melamine sponge for multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs in milks by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462333. [PMID: 34161835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a modified QuEChERS method based on melamine sponge for rapid determination of multi-class veterinary drugs in milks by UPLC-MS/MS. Through simple infiltration and extrusion, fast and convenient matrix purification could be achieved within several seconds, and there was no need of extra phase separation operations. Good linearity with correlation coefficient (R2) ≥0.999 was obtained for all drugs in the range of 2~500 µg·kg-1. The obtained matrix effects were within ±20% for all monitored drugs. The recoveries of all monitored drugs ranged from 60.7% to 116.0% at three spiked levels (50, 100, and 200 µg·kg-1), with relative standard deviations less than 7.4%. Comparatively low LODs and LOQs were obtained in the ranges of 0.1~3.8 µg·kg-1 and 0.2~6.3 µg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with conventional purification adsorbents, melamine sponge yielded an equal or higher purification performance with matrix removal rate as high as 52.5% and acceptable recoveries in range of 60%-120% for all monitored drugs. The satisfactory results have demonstrated the good potential of melamine sponge in matrix purification for rapid determination of multiclass residues in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Ji
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mingsha Jie
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Gaigai Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, PR China; Collsborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Henan Province, PR China.
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Grutes JV, Ferreira RG, Pereira MU, Candido FS, Spisso BF. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS screening method for macrolide and quinolone residues in baby food. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:197-211. [PMID: 33463404 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1872324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive screening method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the identification of 7 macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin and tylosin) and 8 quinolones (ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ofloxacin) in meat and egg-based baby foods. Sample preparation was performed using an alkaline modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) extraction method without additional clean-up steps. A simplex-lattice mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of the QuEChERS extraction solvent. The developed method was successfully validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines regarding the validation of screening methods 20/01/2010, adopting a fixed permited tolerance for relative ion ratio. Samples of baby food (n = 44) commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed using the validated method and none of them presented residues of the searched macrolides and quinolones, with a screening target value of 5 µg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas V Grutes
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana G Ferreira
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mararlene U Pereira
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Candido
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardete F Spisso
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Determination of Macrolide Antimicrobials in Infant Formulas Using a Modified Alkaline QuEChERS and High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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A review of pretreatment and analysis of macrolides in food (Update Since 2010). J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461662. [PMID: 33160200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are versatile broad-spectrum antibiotics whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring. They are widely used in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat disease. However, because of their improper use and the absence of effective regulation, these compounds pose a threat to human health and the environment. Consequently, simple, quick, economical, and effective techniques are required to analyze macrolides in animal-derived foods, biological samples, and environmental samples. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the pretreatment and analytical methods used for macrolides in various sample matrices, focusing on the developments since 2010. Pretreatment methods mainly include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and microextraction methods. Detection and quantification methods mainly include liquid chromatography (coupled to mass spectrometry or other detectors), electrochemical methods, capillary electrophoresis, and immunoassays. Furthermore, a comparison between the pros and cons of these methods and prospects for future developments are also discussed.
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9
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Liu P. Determination of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin: Sample preparation methods and analytical techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Tsagkaris A, Nelis J, Ross G, Jafari S, Guercetti J, Kopper K, Zhao Y, Rafferty K, Salvador J, Migliorelli D, Salentijn G, Campbell K, Marco M, Elliot C, Nielen M, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J. Critical assessment of recent trends related to screening and confirmatory analytical methods for selected food contaminants and allergens. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Liao QG, Da Wen Z, Lin Guang L, Ci Dan ZX. Ultrasonic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on a simple and green deep eutectic solvent for preconcentration of macrolides from swine urine samples. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qie Gen Liao
- Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards InstituteJiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang China
| | - Zhang Da Wen
- Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards InstituteJiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang China
| | - Luo Lin Guang
- Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Standards InstituteJiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang China
| | - Zha Xi Ci Dan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and TestingTibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Lhasa China
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12
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Matrix-effect free multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs in food samples of animal origin by nanoflow liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 245:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Zhou W, Ling Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li J, Li H, Wu W, Jiang S, Feng F, Yuan F, Zhang F. Simultaneous determination of 16 macrolide antibiotics and 4 metabolites in milk by using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe extraction (QuEChERS) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:411-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Vajdle O, Guzsvány V, Škorić D, Csanádi J, Petković M, Avramov-Ivić M, Kónya Z, Petrović S, Bobrowski A. Voltammetric behavior and determination of the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin at a renewable silver – amalgam film electrode. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Li X, Yu H, Peng R, Gan P. Determination of 19 sulfonamides residues in pork samples by combining QuEChERS with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1377-1384. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hong Yu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Rongfei Peng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Pingsheng Gan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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16
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Wei J, Shen A, Yan J, Jin G, Yang B, Guo Z, Zhang F, Liang X. Separation analysis of macrolide antibiotics with good performance on a positively charged C18HCE column. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1073-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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