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Wu X, Du Z, Ma R, Zhang X, Yang D, Liu H, Zhang Y. Qualitative and quantitative studies of phthalates in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with long short term memory (LSTM) neural network. Food Chem 2024; 433:137300. [PMID: 37657163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are commonly used plasticizers in the plastics industry, and have received extensive attention due to their reproductive toxicity. Since phthalates are lipophilic solutions, phthalates can easily migrate from packaging to edible oils. This study synthesized stable and sensitive Gold Nanostars as SERS substrates to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of two common phthalates, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Two ethanol standard solutions and actual oil solutions of phthalates at different concentrations (10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.02 mg/kg) were prepared. After dimension reduction, LSTM achieved the accuracy of 98% for pure EVOO and EVOO adulterated with different types of phthalates. In terms of quantification, LSTM demonstrates great predictive performance with Rp2 greater than 0.97 and the ratio of performance to deviation greater than 5. These results have certain guiding significance for the analysis of plasticizers in edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wu
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Zherui Du
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China.
| | - Renqi Ma
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Daolin Yang
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Measurement Technology & Instrumentation Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 China
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Songue Same O, Nobosse P, Ngolong Ngea GL, Piveteau C, Lemdani M, Kamga R, Deprez B. Migration study of phthalates from non-food plastic containers used in food preservation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20002. [PMID: 37809712 PMCID: PMC10559742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAE) are used as additives in the formulation of plastics, to increase their flexibility and transparency. They can migrate from plastic packaging to food, then cause endocrine disruption in consumers. This migration depends on the conditions of use defined for each plastic. Non-food plastics are likely to release more PAE than food-grade plastics. In Cameroon, non-food grade plastics such as old paint buckets are used by people to preserve liquid food. The present work aimed at studying the conditions and mechanism of migration of total PAE from paint buckets to pap. For this purpose, the effects of seven factors were determined through Plackett-Burman experimental design. The interactions of the most influential factors were determined through a full factorial design. The conditions of the migration of total PAE were obtained via face-centered composite design. Then experimental results of migration kinetics were modelled according to equations of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion. The results revealed that the most influential factors were pH, temperature and contact time. The effects of these factors are non-linear, and their interactions have to be considered. When pap is preserved in paint buckets according to the conditions: temperature of pap >70 °C, pH of pap ≤4 or ≥10 and contact time > 2 h, as is the case in donut shops in Cameroon, the amount of total PAE released is greater than 50 μg/L. Migration of total PAE from paint buckets to pap is best described by the pseudo-second order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Songue Same
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Physicochemical Section of Hygiene and Environment Department, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Ngaoundere, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Nobosse
- University of Ngaoundere, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- Université de Douala à Yabassi, Institut des Sciences Halieutiques, Département de Trasformation et Contrôle de Qualité des Produits Halieutiques, P.O. Box 7236, Douala-Bassa, Cameroon
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Lemdani
- University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lab. Biomaths Metrics, 59006, Lille, France
| | - Richard Kamga
- University of Ngaoundere, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
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Qi M, Li Y, Zhu Z, Du B, Chen D. Current Sample Preparation Methods and Determination Techniques for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Ester Plasticizers in Edible Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:5106. [PMID: 37446766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of production, processing, transportation, and storage of edible oils, the oils inevitably come into contact with plastic products. As a result, plasticizers migrate into edible oils, are harmful to human health, and can exhibit reproductive toxicity. Therefore, the determination of plasticizers in edible oils is very important, and a series of sample preparation methods and determination techniques have been developed for the determination of plasticizers in edible oils. Phthalic acid ester (PAE) plasticizers are the most widely used among all plasticizers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sample preparation methods and detection techniques reported for the determination of PAEs in edible oils since 2010, focusing on sample preparation methods of edible oils combined with various separation-based analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these techniques as well as the prospective future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kazemi M, Niazi A, Yazdanipour A. Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalate Esters from Aqueous Media by Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons) and Determination by GC–FID. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ren Y, Xiang P, Xie Q, Yang H, Liu S. Rapid analysis of forchlorfenuron in fruits using molecular complex-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:637-645. [PMID: 33721551 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1876250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main sample preparation method for analysis of pesticide residues in fruits is QuEChERS. In this study, a novel sample preparation method using molecular complex-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is introduced with detection of forchlorfenuron by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Sample treatment involves initial extraction of a 5 g sample with 3 mL acetonitrile, and then the selective concentration of the analyte is performed using 150 µL tributyl phosphate by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the analyte. The extraction mechanism was proved using ATR-FTIR. Under the optimised conditions, recovery rates varied between 88% and 107% for various sample matrices spiked at three levels in the range 0.01-0.1 mg kg-1. Intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities were in the ranges of 2.2-8.0% and 1.6-9.5%, respectively. Detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.33 µg kg-1 and 1.09 µg kg-1 for diode-array detection; 0.01 µg kg-1 and 0.04 µg kg-1 for tandem mass spectrometry detection. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of 149 various fruits. The analyte was found in 4 of the 149 samples and the contents were not over the specific maximum residue limit established by domestic and international regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Ren
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ping Xiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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7
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Molecular complex based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for simultaneous HPLC determination of eight phenolic compounds in water samples. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Basheer C, Kamran M, Ashraf M, Lee HK. Enhancing liquid-phase microextraction efficiency through chemical reactions. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Pinsrithong S, Bunkoed O. Hierarchical porous nanostructured polypyrrole-coated hydrogel beads containing reduced graphene oxide and magnetite nanoparticles for extraction of phthalates in bottled drinks. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Wang G, Jia S, Niu X, Liu Y, Tian H, Chen X, Shi G. Detection of peroxyl radicals from polluted air by free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography signal amplification technique. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1930-1937. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Shiming Jia
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Niu
- Large Equipment Laboratory No.1; Gansu Province Food Inspection Institute; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Haoqi Tian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
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Eskandarpour N, Sereshti H. Electrospun polycaprolactam-manganese oxide fiber for headspace-solid phase microextraction of phthalate esters in water samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:36-43. [PMID: 29028539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nanofibrous polycaprolactam (polyamide 6 (PA6)) incorporated with manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles was fabricated by electrospinning and used as a new fiber coating for headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of the selected phthalate esters (PEs) in water samples prior to GC-μECD. The adsorbent was fully characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The main parameters that affect the HS-SPME efficiency such as extraction temperature, ionic strength, extraction and desorption times were investigated. The analytical figures of merit were obtained under the optimized conditions as follows: linear dynamic range (LDR), 0.500-5.00 × 102 ng mL-1; relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 3), 1.86-10.9%; limits of detection (LODs), 0.0400-0.193 ng mL-1. The method was applied for determination of the target analytes in river water, bottled water, mineral water and soda samples and the relative recoveries were obtained between 90.3 and 107%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Maddah S. Coating of optical fiber with a smart thermosensitive polymer for the separation of phthalate esters by solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:886-892. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Setayesh Maddah
- Department of Chemistry, Damghan Branch; Islamic Azad University; Damghan Iran
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14
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Ebrahim K, Poursafa P, Amin MM. Development of a simple and valid method for the trace determination of phthalate esters in human plasma using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4403-4410. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ebrahim
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
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15
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Shu L, Chen S, Zhao WW, Bai Y, Ma XC, Li XX, Li JR, Somsundaran P. High-performance liquid chromatography separation of phthalate acid esters with a MIL-53(Al)-packed column. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3163-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yan Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xing-Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - P. Somsundaran
- Earth and Environment Engineering Department; Columbia University; New York USA
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