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Boti V, Martinaiou P, Gkountouras D, Albanis T. Target and suspect screening approaches for the identification of emerging and other contaminants in fish feeds using high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118739. [PMID: 38503377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Fish feed is essential in aquaculture fish production because, along with beneficial nutrients and components, many suspected compounds can be transferred to fish and ultimately to humans. In this context, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to monitor various pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds in aquaculture fish feed through target analysis and many other groups of chemicals via suspect screening approaches. In this study, the QuEChERS extraction method was optimized, validated, and applied to fifty-four fish feed samples collected from different production batches. This was followed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-HR-IT/Orbitrap-MS) for targeted and suspect screening purposes. In general, pesticides provided satisfactory recoveries (70-105.5 %), with quantification limits lower than 5 ng g-1, whereas pharmaceuticals displayed recoveries ranging from 70.5 to 120.2 %, with quantification limits below 25 ng g-1. In addition, the matrix effects and measurement uncertainty were assessed to provide more accurate and high-confidence results. Pirimiphos-methyl was detected and quantified in 20 of 54 fish feed samples (37 %) at concentrations <77 ng g-1. Finally, suspect screening revealed the occurrence of 10 mycotoxins (e.g., citrinin, aflatoxin G2, zearalenone, and alternariol), two pesticides excluding the target pesticides (tebuconazole and fenazaquin), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in almost 2 % of the samples, and ethoxyquin (antioxidant), with 12 of its Transformation Products (TPs). Finally, suspect analysis incorporated in routine analyses have proven to have great potential for complete monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
| | | | | | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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Yu LD, Tong YJ, Li N, Yang Y, Ye P, Ouyang G, Zhu F. Calix[6]arene functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks with boosted performance in identifying an anti-epidemic pharmaceutical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11697-11700. [PMID: 36177962 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel composite was fabricated by hybridizing terbium 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic MOF (TB-MOF) with Cx[6]. The obtained composite TB-Cx[6] possessed long-term stability and dispersion stability and was used for on-site analysis of the anti-COVID-19 disinfection product Prednis via a combing remote sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuan-Jun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yating Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Pengfei Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Analysis of β-agonists in different biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Vet Res 2021; 65:469-475. [PMID: 35112001 PMCID: PMC8775736 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Wide use is made of β-agonists in therapy due to their smooth muscle–relaxant properties. They also have a side effect of increasing muscle mass. Besides improving oxygen utilisation as bronchodilators, β-agonists increase protein synthesis and promote fat burning. The growth- and performance-enhancing effects are often exploited in illegal use. The guiding objective of this study was to develop a procedure for the determination of β-agonists by a single method in different types of matrices.
Material and Methods
Five grams of homogenised samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase in ammonium acetate, pH 5.2. Purification was performed by solid phase extraction. Analytes were eluted with 10% acetic acid in methanol. The eluted β-agonists were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
Validation results met the requirement of the confirmation criteria according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of apparent recoveries (93.2–112.0%), repeatability (3.1–7.1%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (4.1–8.2%).
Conclusion
The method can be successfully applied in the detection and determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, mabuterol, mapenterol, terbutaline, brombuterol, zilpaterol, isoxsuprine and ractopamine in feed, drinking water, urine, muscle, lung and liver matrices.
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Polythiophene as highly efficient sorbent for microextraction in packed sorbent for determination of steroids from bovine milk samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhou Y, Wang S. A robust LC-MS/MS assay with online cleanup for measurement of serum testosterone. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2561-2568. [PMID: 31106475 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of low levels of testosterone is critical for diagnosis and treatment of androgen disorders. The very low concentrations of testosterone in children, females, and males with androgen suppression therapies necessitate the use of mass spectrometry-based methods. We aimed to develop a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method with simplified sample preparation and online solid-phase extraction cleanup to achieve enhanced precision, accuracy, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. The assay was linear from 10 to 20 000 pg/mL with an analytical recovery of 93-104%. The total coefficient of variation was 2.5, 1.9, and 1.7% at concentration levels of 348, 5432, and 10 848 pg/mL, respectively. No significant carryover was observed from samples with concentrations up to 20 000 pg/mL. No significant interference was observed from androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, epi-testosterone, and estriol. Comparison with CDC Hormone Standardization program (HoSt) reference samples with defined values (n = 40) showed a Deming regression slope of 0.963, intercept of 28.06 pg/mL, standard error of estimate was 66.9, a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, and a mean bias of -0.6%. The method met the accuracy criteria by the CDC HoSt program. In addition, we achieved >12 000 injections on a single analytical column without significant performance deterioration due to the specific online solid-phase extraction settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sihe Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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Gressler V, Feddern V, Peixoto JDO, Ledur MC, Costa OAD, Lima GJMMD. Application of Enzyme Digestion and Deconjugation Followed by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methodology To Determine Ractopamine Residue in Pork. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1258-1263. [PMID: 29979614 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology is proposed for ractopamine residue analysis in pork. It consists of enzyme-mediated digestion and deconjugation steps; modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction; and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In brief, the samples were digested with protease and then deconjugated with β-glucuronidase enzyme; they were then subjected to extraction and cleanup by QuEChERS and underwent sequential analysis by LC-MS/MS. The method performance was evaluated in accordance to the validation guidelines regulated by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply. The limit of detection was 0.15 μg/kg and limit of quantification was 0.5 μg/kg. When the method was applied to real samples, ractopamine residue was found in concentrations (up to 7.86 μg/kg) below international recommendation limits up to 10 μg/kg. The method is sensitive, accurate, quick, simple, and suitable for routine analysis; therefore, it is a monitoring tool that may be adopted by laboratories to achieve compliance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gressler
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2415 [V.F.])
| | - Vivian Feddern
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2415 [V.F.])
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2415 [V.F.])
| | - Monica Correa Ledur
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2415 [V.F.])
| | - Osmar Antonio Dalla Costa
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2415 [V.F.])
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Tang J, Wang J, Shi S, Hu S, Yuan L. Determination of β-Agonist Residues in Animal-Derived Food by a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9053561. [PMID: 30046508 PMCID: PMC6036788 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9053561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel clenbuterol molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated stir bar was prepared and applied to the determination of six β-agonists in animal-derived food. Characterization and various parameters affecting adsorption and desorption behaviours were investigated. The extraction capacities of clenbuterol, salbutamol, ractopamine, mabuterol, brombuterol, and terbutaline for MIP coating were 3.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.5, 3.2, and 3.3 times higher, respectively, than those of the NIP coating, respectively. The method of MIP-coated SBSE coupled with HPLC-MS/MS was developed. The recoveries in pork and liver samples were 75.8-97.9% with RSD from 2.6 to 5.3%. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.05-0.15 μg/kg and 0.10-0.30 μg/kg, respectively. Good linearities were obtained for six β-agonists with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.994. These results indicated the superiority of the proposed method in the analysis of β-agonists in a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwang Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Hunan Testing Institute Product and Commodity Supervison, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liejiang Yuan
- Hunan Testing Institute Product and Commodity Supervison, Changsha 410007, China
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Karamolegou F, Dasenaki M, Belessi V, Georgakilas V, Thomaidis N. Multi-Residue Determination of 7 β-Agonists in Liver and Meat Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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López-García M, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Determination of steroid hormones and their metabolite in several types of meat samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1540:21-30. [PMID: 29397061 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-HRMS) has been developed for the determination of steroid hormones (hydrocortisone, cortisone, progesterone, prednisone, prednisolone, testosterone, melengesterol acetate, hydrocortisone-21-acetate, cortisone-21-acetate, testosterone propionate, 17α-methyltestosterone, 6α-methylprednisolone and medroxyprogesterone) and their metabolite (17α-hydroxyprogesterone) in three meat samples (chicken, pork and beef). Two different extraction approaches were tested (QuEChERS "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe" and "dilute and shoot"), observing that the QuEChERS method provided the best results in terms of recovery. A clean-up step was applied comparing several sorbents, obtaining the best results when florisil and aluminum oxide were used. The optimized method was validated, obtaining suitable results for all validation parameters in the three meat matrices evaluated. Recovery values ranged from 70% to 103% (except for prednisone in beef samples), meanwhile repeatability and reproducibility were obtained at values lower than 18% and 21%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was established for most of the compounds at 1.0 μg/kg, except for testosterone in chicken and hydrocortisone-21-acetate and cortisone-21-acetate in pork at 2.0 μg/kg. Decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) values ranged from 1.0-2.7 μg/kg and 1.9-5.5 μg/kg, respectively, in the three matrices. Finally, thirty one meat samples were analyzed and two hormones, progesterone and hydrocortisone, were detected in a beef and pork sample at 1.7 and 2.8 μg/kg respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-García
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almería, Spain.
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Liu H, Gan N, Chen Y, Ding Q, Huang J, Lin S, Cao Y, Li T. Novel method for the rapid and specific extraction of multiple β
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‐agonist residues in food by tailor‐made Monolith‐MIPs extraction disks and detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3578-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ning Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yinji Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyNanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Marine ScienceNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Saichai Lin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Tianhua Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
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