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Aly AA, Górecki T. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with reversed phase in both dimensions: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464824. [PMID: 38522405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), and in particular comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC), offers increased peak capacity, resolution and selectivity compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. It is commonly accepted that the technique produces the best results when the separation mechanisms in the two dimensions are completely orthogonal; however, the use of similar separation mechanisms in both dimensions has been gaining popularity as it helps avoid difficulties related to mobile phase incompatibility and poor column efficiency. The remarkable advantages of using reversed phase in both dimensions (RPLC×RPLC) over other separation mechanisms made it a promising technique in the separation of complex samples. This review discusses some physical and practical considerations in method development for 2D-LC involving the use of RP in both dimensions. In addition, an extensive overview is presented of different applications that relied on RPLC×RPLC and 2D-LC with reversed phase column combinations to separate components of complex samples in different fields including food analysis, natural product analysis, environmental analysis, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A Aly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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2
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Dai Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen Y, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Efficient strategies for preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300029. [PMID: 36880199 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient strategies for the preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography combined with appropriate pretreatment technologies were developed. Four fractions (Fr.1-1, Fr.1-2, Fr.1-3, and Fr.2-1) were firstly isolated from the crude extract of Hedyotis diffusa by column chromatography with C18, resin, and silica gel materials, respectively. Then, corresponding separation strategies were developed according to the polarity and chemical constituents. High-polar compounds of Fr.1-1 were purified by hydrophilic reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode. The combination of C18 and phenyl columns realized the complementary separation of iridoid glycosides in Fr.1-2. Meanwhile, the improved selectivity caused by the change of organic solvent in the mobile phase was utilized to realize the purification of flavonoid glycosides in Fr.1-3 and Fr. 2-1. Finally, 27 compounds (purity > 95%) mainly involving nine iridoid glycosides and five flavonoid glycosides were obtained. A complete strategy was established for the separation of a complex sample with a wide polarity range, to jointly solve the problems of enrichment of target components and separation of structural analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinhe Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
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3
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Dai Y, Zhang K, Xiong L, Wang L, Guo Z, Yang J, Wu A, Wu J, Zeng J. Comprehensive profiling of Sanguisorba officinalis using off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode liquid chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography, tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular network. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1727-1736. [PMID: 35297180 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The profiling of natural products is important in modern biological sciences and new drug development. However, the separation and characterization of complex herbal extracts are significantly challenging for researchers in the biochemical field. Herein, an off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode LC × reversed-phase LC system is developed. Our system exhibits high orthogonality and is composed of a newly prepared stationary phase in the first dimension and a traditional C18 phase in the second dimension, and is operated in combination with high-resolution MS and molecular network. Sanguisorba officinalis L. is studied using the proposed method owing to its bioactivity. With the aid of orthogonal separation, the ionization of the individual components is improved. The number of detected compounds and separated peaks are significantly increased when one-dimensional-LC is upgraded to two-dimensional-LC. In addition, 270 compounds (127 of which are tentatively characterized as new compounds, and further confirmation is needed) are successfully characterized based on their fragmentation patterns under the guidance of molecular network, while only 95 compounds are characterized using one-dimensional-LC and high-resolution MS. The results indicate that the developed off-line two-dimensional mixed-mode LC × reversed-phase LC, tandem high-resolution MS, and molecular network method is effective for profiling complex samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Luzhou, China.,Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Zhou D, Luo Q, Zeng Q, Zheng Y, Ren X, Gao D, Fu Q, Zhang K, Xia Z, Wang L. Preparation of an aminophenylboronic acid and N-isopropyl acrylamide copolymer functionalized stationary phase for mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang XL, Zheng Y, Xia ML, Wu YN, Liu XJ, Xie SK, Wu YF, Wang M. Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends in Vinegar Research: A Bibliometric Review of the Literature from WoSCC. Foods 2020; 9:E166. [PMID: 32050682 PMCID: PMC7074530 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinegar is one of the most widely used acidic condiments. In recent decades, rapid advances have been made in the area of vinegar research, and the intellectual structure pertaining to this domain has significantly evolved. Thus, it is important that scientists keep abreast of associated developments to ensure an appropriate understanding of this field. To facilitate this current study, a bibliometric analysis method was adopted to visualize the knowledge map of vinegar research based on literature data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. In total, 883 original research and review articles from between 1998 and 2019 with 19,663 references were analyzed by CiteSpace. Both a macroscopical sketch and microscopical characterization of the whole knowledge domain were realized. According to the research contents, the main themes that underlie vinegar research can be divided into six categories, that is, microorganisms, substances, health functions, production technologies, adjuvant medicines, and vinegar residues. In addition to the latter analysis, emerging trends and future research foci were predicted. Finally, the evolutionary stage of vinegar research was discerned according to Shneider's four-stage theory. This review will help scientists to discern the dynamic evolution of vinegar research, as well as highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.-L.X.); (Y.-N.W.); (X.-J.L.); (S.-K.X.); (Y.-F.W.)
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Mixed-mode chromatography characteristics of chiralpak ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(−) and elucidation of their chromatographic orthogonality for LC × LC application. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1093:168-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhou W, Liu Y, Wang J, Guo Z, Shen A, Liu Y, Liang X. Application of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:87-104. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceDalian Ocean University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China
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Pirok BWJ, Stoll DR, Schoenmakers PJ. Recent Developments in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Fundamental Improvements for Practical Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:240-263. [PMID: 30380827 PMCID: PMC6322149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- University of Amsterdam , van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry , Gustavus Adolphus College , Saint Peter , Minnesota 56082 , United States
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam , van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Li G, Yu F, Wang Y, Yao L, Qiu Z, Wang T, Wang Z, Yang F, Peng D, Yu N, Chen W. Comparison of the chromatographic fingerprint, multicomponent quantitation and antioxidant activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Bge. between sweating and nonsweating. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4203. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhuan Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Fan Yu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Liang Yao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Ting Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | | | - Fanglin Yang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine; Hefei China
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Pinto EC, Gonçalves MDS, Cabral LM, Armstrong DW, de Sousa VP. Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for topiramate using a mixed-mode column and charged aerosol detector. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1716-1725. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Mariana da Silva Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Valéria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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