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Kokilambigai KS, Irina VM, Sheba Mariam KC, Adila K, Kathirvel S. Comprehensive overview of analytical and bioanalytical methodologies for the opioid analgesics - Tramadol and combinations. Anal Biochem 2024; 692:115579. [PMID: 38797485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic opioids like Tramadol are used to treat mild to moderate pain. Its ability to relieve pain is about a tenth that of morphine. Furthermore, Tramadol shares similar effects on serotonin and norepinephrine to several antidepressants known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. The present review paper discusses the recent developments in analytical methods for identifying drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and toxicological materials, such as blood, saliva, urine, and hair. In recent years, a wide variety of analytical instruments, including capillary electrophoresis, NMR, UV-visible spectroscopy, HPTLC, HPLC, LC-MS, GC, GC-MS, and electrochemical sensors, have been used for drug identification in pharmaceutical preparations and toxicological samples. The primary quantification techniques currently employed for its quantification in various matrices are highlighted in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V M Irina
- Dr. Moopen's College of Pharmacy, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi PO, Wayanad, 673577, Kerala, India
| | - K C Sheba Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post., Kozhikode, 673602, Kerala, India
| | - K Adila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post., Kozhikode, 673602, Kerala, India
| | - S Kathirvel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post., Kozhikode, 673602, Kerala, India.
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2
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Usman M, Baig Y, Nardiello D, Quinto M. How new nanotechnologies are changing the opioid analysis scenery? A comparison with classical analytical methods. Forensic Sci Res 2024; 9:owae001. [PMID: 38560581 PMCID: PMC10981550 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, raw opium, and morphine have become a serious threat to the world population in the recent past, due to their increasing use and abuse. The detection of these drugs in biological samples is usually carried out by spectroscopic and/or chromatographic techniques, but the need for quick, sensitive, selective, and low-cost new analytical tools has pushed the development of new methods based on selective nanosensors, able to meet these requirements. Modern sensors, which utilize "next-generation" technologies like nanotechnology, have revolutionized drug detection methods, due to easiness of use, their low cost, and their high sensitivity and reliability, allowing the detection of opioids at trace levels in raw, pharmaceutical, and biological samples (e.g. blood, urine, saliva, and other biological fluids). The peculiar characteristics of these sensors not only have allowed on-site analyses (in the field, at the crime scene, etc.) but also they are nowadays replacing the gold standard analytical methods in the laboratory, even if a proper method validation is still required. This paper reviews advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanosensors for the detection of commonly abused opioids both prescribed (i.e. codeine and morphine) and illegal narcotics (i.e. heroin and fentanyl analogues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Narcotic Unit, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Home Department, Government of The Punjab, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Yawar Baig
- Narcotic Unit, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Home Department, Government of The Punjab, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
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3
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Tawade AK, Khairnar AP, Kamble JV, Kadam AR, Sharma KKK, Powar AA, Patil VS, Patil MR, Mali SS, Hong CK, Tayade SN. Designing a TiO 2-MoO 3-BMIMBr nanocomposite by a solvohydrothermal method using an ionic liquid aqueous mixture: an ultra high sensitive acetaminophen sensor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21283-21295. [PMID: 37456552 PMCID: PMC10345954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows a simplistic, efficient procedure to synthesize TiO2-MoO3-BMIMBr nanocomposites. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have all been used to completely analyse the materials. The detection of acetaminophen (AC) has been examined at a modified glassy carbon electrode with TiO2-MoO3-BMIMBr nanocomposites. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposite modified electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linear response of AC was observed in the range 8.26-124.03 nM. The sensitivity and detection limits (S/N = 3) were found to be 1.16 μA L mol-1 cm-2 and 11.54 nM by CV and 24 μA L mol-1 cm-2 and 8.16 nM by DPV respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Tawade
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Ajay P Khairnar
- R. F. N. S. Senior Science College Akkalkuwa 425415 Maharashtra India
| | - Jayashri V Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Akash R Kadam
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Kiran Kumar K Sharma
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Anil A Powar
- Department of Chemistry, Walchand College of Engineering Sangli 416415 Maharashtra India
| | - Vijay S Patil
- R. F. N. S. Senior Science College Akkalkuwa 425415 Maharashtra India
| | - Manohar R Patil
- Nanochemistry Research Laboratory, G. T. Patil Collage Nandurbar 425412 Maharashtra India
| | - Sawanta S Mali
- Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Chang Kook Hong
- Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Shivaji N Tayade
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
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4
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Garkani Nejad F, Beitollahi H, Sheikhshoaie I. A UiO-66-NH 2 MOF/PAMAM Dendrimer Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Tramadol in the Presence of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Formulations. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050514. [PMID: 37232874 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared a novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of tramadol based on a UiO-66-NH2 metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2 MOF)/third-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G3-PAMAM dendrimer) nanocomposite drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. After the synthesis of the nanocomposite, the functionalization of the UiO-66-NH2 MOF by G3-PAMAM was confirmed by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The UiO-66-NH2 MOF/PAMAM-modified GCE exhibited commendable electrocatalytic performance toward the tramadol oxidation owing to the integration of the UiO-66-NH2 MOF with the PAMAM dendrimer. According to differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it was possible to detect tramadol under optimized circumstances in a broad concentration range (0.5 μM-500.0 μM) and a narrow limit of detection (0.2 μM). In addition, the stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the presented UiO-66-NH2 MOF/PAMAM/GCE sensor were also studied. The sensor also possessed an acceptable catalytic behavior for the tramadol determination in the co-existence of acetaminophen, with the separated oxidation potential of ΔE = 410 mV. Finally, the UiO-66-NH2 MOF/PAMAM-modified GCE exhibited satisfactory practical ability in pharmaceutical formulations (tramadol tablets and acetaminophen tablets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Garkani Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76175-133, Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman P.O. Box 76318-85356, Iran
| | - Iran Sheikhshoaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76175-133, Iran
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5
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Soltani N, Habibollahi S, Salamat A. Application of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zeolite nanoparticles for simultaneous preconcentration of codeine and tramadol in saliva prior to HPLC determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1222:123693. [PMID: 37028171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction technique along with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection was developed for simultaneous preconcentraion and determination of trace levels of codeine and tramadol in human saliva. This method is based on the adsorption of codeine and tramadol on a mixture of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and zeolite Y nanoparticles with 1:1 ratio as an efficient nanosorbent. Various analytical parameters influencing the adsorption step including the amount of adsorbent, the pH of the sample solution, the temperature, the stirring rate, the contact time of the sample solution, and the adsorption capacity were investigated. Based on the results, 10 mg adsorbent, sample solutions with pH = 7.6, temperature of 25 °C, stirring rate 750 rpm and contact time 15 min, in the adsorption step shows the best results for both drugs. Then the effective parameters on the analyte desorption stage such as the type of desorption solution, pH of the desorption solution, desorption time and desorption volume were investigated. Studies have shown that water/methanol (50:50 v/v) as desorption solution, pH = 2.0, desorption time of 5 min and desorption volume of 2 ml gives the best results.Chromatographic separation was performed on a RP-Shim-pack CLC-ODS-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with isocratic mode. The mobile phase contained of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (18:82, v/v) at pH = 4.5 and the flow rate was 1 ml.min-1. The wavelength of UV detector was adjusted at 210 nm and 198 nm for codeine and tramadol, respectively.Under optimum conditions, the extraction efficiencies of 98.5% and 99.2% were achieved for codeine and tramadol respectively. Enrichment factor of 13, detection limit of 0.3 μg L-1, relative standard deviation of 4.07 for codeine; and an enrichment factor of 15, a detection limit of 0.15 μg L-1, and standard deviation of 2.06 for tramadol were calculated. The linear range of the procedure for each drug was 1.0 to 1000 μg L-1. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of codeine and tramadol in saliva samples.
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Determination of Scopolamine Distribution in Plasma and Brain by LC-MS/MS in Rats. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:8536235. [PMID: 36245782 PMCID: PMC9553649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8536235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine, as a tropane alkaloid found in plants such as belladonna and datura, is used clinically as a transdermal patch and is highly neurotoxic. This study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the content and distribution of scopolamine in rat plasma and brain after drug administration. In our study, sample pretreatment consisted of protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by nitrogen blow concentration. Gradient elution of scopolamine and internal standard was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1
100 mm, 3.5 μm) column with water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Those samples were quantified in ESI positive ion mode using an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results showed that scopolamine was linear in the calibration range of 2–2500 ng/mL, and the selectivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, and recovery of the method were within acceptable limits. The method has been validated and has been successfully used for toxicokinetic studies of scopolamine. After intraperitoneal injection, the time to peak toxic concentrations of scopolamine in rats was 0.5 h. The concentrations of scopolamine in the hippocampus and cortex were much higher than those in the striatum, indicating that the likely targets of its neurotoxic damage were the hippocampus and cortex. Overall, this study provides the basis for the neurotoxicity of scopolamine and provides a reference for its toxicokinetic studies.
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Lalaouna AED, Hadef Y, Nekkaa A, Titel F, Dalia F. Cost-effective and earth-friendly chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid in pharmaceutical formulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120422. [PMID: 34619510 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical chemistry is omnipresent in all fields, this leads to considerable consumption of organic solvents and hazardous reagents with an increase in the production of waste to be treated. In this work, we developed simple, fast, cost-effective and above all environmentally friendly methods for the analysis of Acetaminophen (ACT) and Ascorbic acid (ASC) in synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical formulation, using UV spectroscopy. Four chemometric methods were studied, including PLS-1 with full-spectrum (Full-PLS) and PLS-1 using three variable selection methods, namely subset selection through a genetic algorithm (GA), uninformative variable elimination using iterative predictor weighting (IPW), and variable selection by sub-window permutation analysis (SwPA). The accuracy of the developed methods was evaluated through the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the recovery values. All methods showed more accurate prediction results in comparison with full-PLS calibration. Furthermore, the results indicate that the GA-PLS models showed the highest prediction accuracy among all other models with RMSEP and MAPE values of (0.0494 and 0.610) and (0.0163 and 0.321) for the estimation of ACT and ASC, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of ACT and ASC in their combined dosage form. In addition, the results obtained were statistically compared to those of the conventionally used HPLC method and were found to be in good agreement. The main advantages of the developed methods over HPLC during routine analysis are that they are faster, inexpensive, simple to perform, without the need for major pretreatment of samples. Besides, no organic solvents are used, and thus toxicity and pollution are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Djalil Lalaouna
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Salah Boubnider University, Constantine 3, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Constantine 25000, Algeria; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
| | - Youcef Hadef
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Badji Moukhtar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Annaba 23000, Algeria; Laboratory for the Development and Control of Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Amine Nekkaa
- Lorraine University, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Faouzi Titel
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Salah Boubnider University, Constantine 3, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Constantine 25000, Algeria; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Farid Dalia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
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8
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Fabrication and theoretical analysis of sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate-anchored carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous detection of adrenaline and paracetamol. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Alatawi H, Hogan A, Alabalawi I, O'Sullivan-Carroll E, Wang Y, Moore E. Fast determination of paracetamol and its hydrolytic degradation product p-aminophenol by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:857-864. [PMID: 34936709 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAC) is one of the most extensively used analgesics and antipyretic drugs to treat mild and moderate pain. P-aminophenol (PAP), the main hydrolytic degradation product of PAC, can be found in environmental water. Recently, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed for the detection of a wide variety of chemical substances. The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and fast method for the detection and separation of PAC and its main hydrolysis product PAP, using CE and microchip electrophoresis (ME) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D). The determination of these compounds using ME with C4 D is being reported for the first time. The separation was run for all analytes using a background electrolyte (BGE) (20 Mm β-alanine, pH 11) containing 14% (v/v) methanol. The RSDs obtained for migration time were less than 0.05%, and RSDs obtained for peak area were less than 3%. The detection limits (S/N = 3) that were achieved ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 mg/L without sample preconcentration. The presented method showed rapid analysis time (less than 1 min), high efficiency and precision, low cost, and a significant decrease in the consumption of reagents. The microchip system has proved to be an excellent analytical technique for fast and reliable environmental applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alatawi
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna Hogan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Eric Moore
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
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Iranifam M, Toolooe Gardeh Rasht M, Al Lawati HAJ. CuS nanoparticles-enhanced luminol-O 2 chemiluminescence reaction used for determination of paracetamol and vancomycin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120038. [PMID: 34118521 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new chemiluminescence (CL) method was proposed to measure two widely used drugs, including paracetamol (PCM) and vancomycin (VAN). The CL reaction used was the CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs)-luminol-O2 system. In this system, CuS NPs played the role of catalyst and increased the CL intensity. CuS NPs were easily synthesized by quick-precipitation. CuS NPs were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and the mean size of NPs was estimated to be about 9 nm. In the developed CL methods, PCM and VAN decreased the CL intensity. In the proposed method, the linear concentration ranges were 4.0 × 10-5-4.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 of PCM and 2.0 × 10-5-6.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 of VAN. The limit of detections were 2.9 × 10-5 mol L-1 and 8.9 × 10-6 mol L-1 for PCM and VAN, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the CL method were 2.99 and 4.31 (n = 6) for the determination of 3.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 PCM and VAN, respectively. It was also shown that the CL methods can measure PCM and VAN concentrations in various real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Iranifam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | | | - Haider A J Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
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11
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An expedition of WBiVO4 blended f-MWCNTs nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acetaminophenol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Pratiwi R, Noviana E, Fauziati R, Carrão DB, Gandhi FA, Majid MA, Saputri FA. A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination. Molecules 2021; 26:800. [PMID: 33557168 PMCID: PMC7913935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimadani Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Rizky Fauziati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Daniel Blascke Carrão
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Firas Adinda Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Mutiara Aini Majid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Febrina Amelia Saputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
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Abdelshakour MA, Hadad GM, Abdel Salam RA, Abo-ElMatty DM, Abdel Hameed EA. HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS methods for analyzing TRAMADOL in 70 medicinal illegal products: Application to counterfeit study. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Emdadi S, Sorouraddin MH, Denanny L. Enhanced chemiluminescence determination of paracetamol. Analyst 2021; 146:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the severe consequences of potential overdoses of paracetamol (PCM) on the human body, the measurement of PCM in pharmaceutical and biological samples is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Emdadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | | | - Lynn Denanny
- WESTChem Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
- UK
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15
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Liu Y, Ding Y, Song Y, Guo X. Enantioseparation and determination of orphenadrine in rat plasma and its application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation and stereoselective pharmacokinetics study of orphenadrine enantiomers in rats by HPLC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yushan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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16
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Aflatoonian MR, Tajik S, Aflatoonian B, Beitollahi H, Zhang K, Le QV, Cha JH, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M, Peng W. A Screen-Printed Electrode Modified With Graphene/Co 3O 4 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Tramadol. Front Chem 2020; 8:562308. [PMID: 33330356 PMCID: PMC7734144 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.562308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, graphene (Gr)/Co3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to detect tramadol. Tramadol determination was examined by linear sweep voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry on Gr/Co3O4 nanocomposite-modified screen-printed electrode (Gr/Co3O4/SPE) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Under the optimized condition, the detection limit of tramadol is 0.03 μM (S/N = 3) in the linear ranges of 0.1–500.0 μM. Furthermore, Gr/Co3O4/SPE was satisfactorily utilized to detect tramadol in tramadol tablet and urine specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behnaz Aflatoonian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Joo Hwan Cha
- Innovative Enterprise Cooperation Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wanxi Peng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Automotive Engineering, Huanghe Jiaotong University, Jiaozuo, China
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17
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Promsuwan K, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Subnanomolar detection of promethazine abuse using a gold nanoparticle-graphene nanoplatelet-modified electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:646. [PMID: 33165663 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and effective adsorptive stripping voltammetric sensor for the detection of trace-level promethazine was created based on a gold nanoparticle-graphene nanoplatelet-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNP-GrNP/GCE). AuNP-GrNP nanocomposites were synthesized using an electroless deposition process, and the morphology was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior and detection of promethazine at the AuNP-GrNP/GCE were investigated utilizing cyclic voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The AuNP-GrNP/GCE showed outstanding synergistic electrochemical activity for promethazine oxidation, a highly active surface area, great adsorptivity, and outstanding catalytic properties. The electrolyte pH, amount of AuNP-GrNP nanocomposite, preconcentration potential (vs. Ag/AgCl), and time were optimized to obtain a high performance electrochemical sensor. Under optimal conditions, the proposed sensor displayed two linear concentration ranges from 1.0 nmol L-1 to 1.0 μmol L-1 and from 1.0 to 10 μmol L-1. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.40 and 1.4 nmol L-1, respectively. This sensor displayed high sensitivity, a capability for rapid analysis, and excellent repeatability and reproducibility. The developed sensor was effective and practical for promethazine detection in biological fluids and forensic samples, and the obtained results exhibited excellent agreement with the results obtained using the method described in the British Pharmacopoeia. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Promsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. .,Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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18
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Elbashir AA, Elgorashe REE, Alnajjar AO, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection (CE-C 4D): 2017-2020. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:535-543. [PMID: 32835492 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1809340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) has emerged as influential to detect analytes that do not have chromogenic or fluorogenic functional group. Since our last review several new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods coupled with (CE-C4D) have been communicated. The aim of this review is to give an update of the almost all the new applications of CE-C4D in the field of pharmaceutical, food and biomedical analysis covering the period from 2017 to April 2020. The utilization of CE with C4D in the areas of pharmaceutical, food and biomedical analysis is presented. Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed O Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Phonchai A, Pinsrithong S, Janchawee B, Prutipanlai S, Botpiboon O, Keawpradub N. Simultaneous Determination of Abused Prescription Drugs by Simple Dilute-and-Shoot Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1779738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apichai Phonchai
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | | | - Benjamas Janchawee
- Department of Pharmacology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Niwat Keawpradub
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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20
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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21
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Sarkany A, Hancu G, Drăguț C, Modroiu A, Barabás-Hajdu E. Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for the Determination of Tramadol: A Review. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is a widely used opioid analgesic frequently prescribed for treatment of moderate to severe, acute and chronic pain. It has a complex mechanism of action, acting both as a central opiate agonist and as a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is a chiral substance, having two chiral centers in its structure and it is used in therapy as a racemic mixture of two of its enantiomers, (S,S)-tramadol and (R,R)-tramadol. In the last 25 years, several analytical procedures have been published in the literature for the achiral and chiral determination of tramadol from pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. Among these methods, capillary electrophoresis techniques have proved to be an efficient, reliable and cost-effective solution. The purpose of the present review is to provide a systematic survey to present and discuss the electrodriven methods available in the literature for the achiral and chiral analysis of tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sarkany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gh Marinescu, Tîrgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gh Marinescu, Tîrgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Claudiu Drăguț
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gh Marinescu, Tîrgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gh Marinescu, Tîrgu Mureș 540139, Romania
| | - Enikő Barabás-Hajdu
- Department of Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology from Tîrgu Mureș, 38 Gh Marinescu, Tîrgu Mureș 540139, Romania
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22
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A sensitive determination of tramadol using a voltammetric platform based on antimony oxide nanoparticles. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Abdel‐Megied AM, Badr El‐din KM. Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for detection and quantification of tramadol hydrochloride in presence of some mislabeled drugs: Application to counterfeit study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4486. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdel‐Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyKafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh City Egypt
| | - Khalid M. Badr El‐din
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyMinia University El‐Minia Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyDeraya University Minia Egypt
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24
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Duarte LM, Amorim TL, Chellini PR, Adriano LHC, de Oliveira MAL. Sub-minute determination of rifampicin and isoniazid in fixed dose combination tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet absorption detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4533-4543. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mattos Duarte
- Analytical chemistry and chemometrics group - GQAQ, Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - Tatiane Lima Amorim
- Analytical chemistry and chemometrics group - GQAQ, Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Chellini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Cantarino Adriano
- Analytical chemistry and chemometrics group - GQAQ, Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Analytical chemistry and chemometrics group - GQAQ, Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora MG Brazil
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25
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2016 to 2018. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:124-139. [PMID: 30010203 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The publications concerning capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the 2-year period from mid-2016 to mid-2018 are covered in this update to the earlier reviews of the series. Relatively few reports on fundamental investigations or new designs have appeared in the literature in this time interval, but the development of new applications with the detection method has continued strongly. Most often, contactless conductivity measurements have been employed for the detection of inorganic or small organic ions in conventional capillary electrophoresis, less often in microchip electrophoresis. A number of other uses, such as detection in chromatography or the gauging of bubbles in streams have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter C Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Machado S, Fernandes SR, Chaves LL, Lima SAC, Silva EMP, Barreiros L, Reis S, Segundo MA. Chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of dapsone and clofazimine in nanoformulations. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3382-3388. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandia Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sara R. Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luise L. Chaves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Sofia A. C. Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduarda M. P. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Núcleo de Investigação e Intervenção em Farmácia (NIIF), Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde; Instituto Politécnico do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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27
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de Castro Costa BM, Marra MC, da Costa Oliveira T, Munoz RAA, Batista AD, do Lago CL, Richter EM. Ultrafast capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of ammonium and diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2969-2975. [PMID: 29785728 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium and diphenhydramine are active ingredients commonly found in the same pharmaceutical preparations. We report, for the first time, a sub-minute method for the simultaneous determination of ammonium and diphenhydramine. The method is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Both analytes can be quantified in a single run (∼80 injections/h) using 30 mmol/L 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mmol/L lithium hydroxide (pH 6.0) as background electrolyte. The separation by capillary electrophoresis was achieved on a fused-silica capillary (50 cm total length, 10 cm effective length, and 50 μm inside diameter). The limits of detection were 0.04 and 0.02 mmol/L for ammonium and diphenhydramine, respectively. The proposed method also provided adequate recovery values for spiked samples (100-106 and 97-104% for ammonium and diphenhydramine, respectively). The results obtained with the new capillary electrophoresis method were compared with those of the high-performance liquid chromatography method for diphenhydramine and the Kjeldahl method for ammonium and no statistically significant differences were found (95% confidence level).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Cardoso Marra
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Costa Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Domingues Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mathias Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, Uberlândia, Brazil
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28
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Bawazeer S, Badr El-Din KM, Abdel-Megied AM. Development and Validation of a Versatile UPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Tizanidine, Aceclofenac, and Nimesulide in Their New Combinations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:7463914. [PMID: 29888026 PMCID: PMC5977010 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7463914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and validated UPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of paracetamol (PAR), tizanidine (TIZ), aceclofenac (ACF), and nimesulide (NIM) either in pure forms or in their different tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was attained on an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) : acetonitrile in the proportion (60 : 40 v/v) isocratically pumped at a flow rate of 1.25 mL·min-1, and detection was monitored at 305 nm. All analytes were separated simultaneously at a retention time (tr) of 1.42, 2.31, 3.63, and 5.62 min for PAR, TIZ, ACF, and NIM, respectively, with a total run time less than 6.0 min. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and robustness. Linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 81.25-487.5, 0.5-3.5, 25-150, and 25-150 µg·mL-1 for PAR, TIZ, ACF, and NIM, respectively. The development method can be successfully employed in QC laboratories for the routine analysis of the investigated drugs in their new combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Bawazeer
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Badr El-Din
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minya University, El-Minya, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
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29
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Huang Z, Yang M, You H, Xie Y. Concurrent determination and separation of inorganic cations and anions in microchip electrophoresis with precisely controlled high-voltage. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1802-1807. [PMID: 29676805 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An improved method for the concurrent determination and separation of cations and anions by microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (ME-C4 D) is described. Two kinds of microchip structures were designed. The first microchip has a long bent separation channel. And for the defects of the first microchip, the second microchip with a Y-type separation channel has been proposed. The background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 20 mm His/MES and 0.01 mm CTAB was optimized for inhibiting the electroosmotic flow (EOF). Due to the low electroosmotic flow, the cations and anions migrate in opposite directions and can be separated from each other. With the precisely controlled high-voltage, cations and anions can be migrated in microchannels according to our requirements and sequentially detected by a C4 D detector built in-house. Samples containing K+ , Na+ , Li+ , Cl- , F- and PO43- were analyzed simultaneously in a single run (within 140 s) by both methods. The reproducibility obtained by both methods remained below 5% for migration time and within 3.5-9.1% for peak areas. The proposed concurrent determination methods are inexpensive, simple, fast, ease of operation, high degree of integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Instruments Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Mingpeng Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Instruments Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hui You
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Instruments Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Instruments Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
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