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Yang G, Ding S, Zhang J, Gu L, Zhai W, Kong C. Research progress on metabolites of nitrofurazone in aquatic products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29735. [PMID: 38681547 PMCID: PMC11046211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenic and teratogenic risks of nitrofurazone (NFZ) led to its restriction in aquatic products. Semicarbazide (SEM), one of its metabolites, is a primary focus of modern monitoring techniques. However, the SEM residue in aquatic products is believed to be formed through endogenous mechanisms, especially for aquatic crustaceans. In this article, we will discuss the source of SEM, including its usage as an antibiotic in aquatic products (nitrofurazone), its production during food processing (azodicarbonamide and hypochlorite treatment), its occurrence naturally in the body, and its intake from the environment. SEM detection techniques were divided into three groups: derivatization, extraction/purification, and analytical methods. Applications based on liquid chromatography and its tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassay, and electrochemical methods were outlined, as were the use of various derivatives and their assisted derivatization, as well as extraction and purification techniques based on liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. The difficulties of implementing SEM for nitrofurazone monitoring in aquatic products from crustaceans are also discussed. Possible new markers and methods for detecting them are discussed. Finally, the present research on monitoring illicit nitrofurazone usage through its metabolites is summarised, and potential problems that need to be overcome by continuing research are proposed with an eye toward giving references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Yang
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhai Ding
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Gu
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlei Zhai
- (Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Kong
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Apyari VV, Dmitrienko SG. Current trends in analytical strategies for the chromatographic determination of nitrofuran metabolites in food samples. An update since 2012. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Determination of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Complex Food Matrices Using a Rough, Cheap, Easy-Made Wooden-Tip-Based Solid-Phase Microextraction Probe and LC-MS/MS. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1315276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a rough, cheap, easy-made wooden-tip-based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe was first developed for simultaneous determination of 4 nitrofuran metabolite derivatives in complex food matrices via LC-MS/MS. A simple dip-coating method was used to coat wooden tips with biocompatible polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-divinylbenzene, also known as HLB particles, which served as the extractive substrate in the proposed device. Compared with the traditional solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, the proposed device shortens sample clean-up time, reduces solvent consumption, and decreases testing costs. In addition, the main parameters affecting the SPME procedure efficiency were investigated in detail and the optimal conditions were found. The method was validated using three different food matrixes (pork, croaker, and honey) by spiking with the four metabolites at 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 μg/kg, as well as their internal standards. The average recovery of all nitrofuran metabolite derivatives ranges from 97.4–109.5% (pork), 87.5–112.7% (croaker), and 98.6–109.0% (honey). Relative standard deviations were all <10% for intraday and interday precision. The values of limit of detection and limit of quantification were, respectively, ranging from 0.011 to 0.123 and 0.033 to 0.369 μg/kg (pork), 0.009 to 0.112 and 0.027 to 0.339 μg/kg (croaker), and 0.010 to 0.131 and 0.030 to 0.293 μg/kg (honey). The presented method was applied to the analysis of real positive samples.
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Choi K, Lim H, Shin H. Development of a simultaneous analysis method of azodicarbonamide, semicarbazide, and hydrazine in flour products using
HPLC. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong‐Yun Choi
- Department of Environmental Science Kongju National University Gongju South Korea
| | - Hyun‐Hee Lim
- Daejeon‐Sejong Division Occupational Safety and Health Agency Daejeon City South Korea
| | - Ho‐Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education Kongju National University Gongju South Korea
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Wang X, Zhao C. Non-Destructive Quantitative Analysis of Azodicarbonamide Additives in Wheat Flour by High-Throughput Raman Imaging. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/142879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Xing L, Sun W, Sun X, Peng J, Li Z, Zhu P, Zheng X. Semicarbazide Accumulation, Distribution and Chemical Forms in Scallop ( Chlamys farreri) after Seawater Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061500. [PMID: 34064266 PMCID: PMC8224293 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Semicarbazide is considered the characteristic metabolite of nitrofurazone and it is often used as a marker to monitor the illegal use of nitrofurazone in foods. Recent studies have indicated that semicarbazide pollution can be introduced in many ways and this compound is a newly recognized pollutant type in the environment that accumulates in aquatic organisms throughout the food chain. Scallops are the third most consumed shellfish in China. We therefore studied the accumulation, chemical forms, and distribution of semicarbazide in scallop tissues. Semicarbazide added to tank seawater resulted in its accumulation in both free and tissue-bound forms and the levels varied according to tissue and were present in all tissues examined. The levels were highest in viscera and the lowest in muscle. The levels of semicarbazide in the environment and in cultured shellfish should be monitored to ensure food quality and safety and human health. Abstract Semicarbazide is a newly recognized marine pollutant and has the potential to threaten marine shellfish, the ecological equilibrium and human health. In this study, we examined the accumulation, distribution, and chemical forms of semicarbazide in scallop tissues after exposure to 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L for 30 d at 10 °C. We found a positive correlation between semicarbazide residues in the scallops and the exposure concentration (p < 0.01). Semicarbazide existed primarily in free form in all tissues while bound semicarbazide ranged from 12.1 to 32.7% and was tissue-dependent. The time for semicarbazide to reach steady-state enrichment was 25 days and the highest levels were found in the disgestive gland, followed by gills while levels in gonads and mantle were similar and were lowest in adductor muscle. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of semicarbazide at low exposure concentrations was higher than that at high exposure concentrations. These results indicated that the scallop can uptake semicarbazide from seawater and this affects the quality and safety of these types of products when used as a food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Panpan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xuying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; (L.X.); (X.S.); (J.P.); (P.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Xia L, Yang J, Su R, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Huang S, Chen Y, Li G. Recent Progress in Fast Sample Preparation Techniques. Anal Chem 2019; 92:34-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rihui Su
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Simin Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Determination of Semicarbazide in Foodstuffs by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection Using 2-Formylphenylboronic Acid as Derivatization Reagent. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen Z, Chen L, Lin L, Wu Y, Fu F. A Colorimetric Sensor for the Visual Detection of Azodicarbonamide in Flour Based on Azodicarbonamide-Induced Anti-Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2145-2151. [PMID: 30239191 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azodicarbonamide (ADA) in flour products can be converted into carcinogenic biurea and semicarbazide hydrochloride after baking. Thus, it is mandatory to determine ADA in flour. We herein developed a colorimetric method for the rapid and visual detection of ADA in flour based on glutathione (GSH)-induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregation and specific reaction between ADA and GSH. The GSH can react to AuNPs via Au-SH covalent bond to form a network structure, which leads to AuNPs aggregation to produce color change, whereas ADA can specifically react with GSH to lead to the coupling of two GSH molecules, which makes GSH lose a -SH group and thus decreases the aggregation degree of AuNPs induced by GSH. This provided a platform for field-portable colorimetric detection of ADA. The colorimetric sensor can be used to detect as little as 0.33 μM (38.3 ppb) of ADA by naked eye observation and 0.23 μM (26.7 ppb) of ADA by spectrophotometry within 2 h. The method was successfully used to detect ADA in flour with a recovery of 91-104% and a relative standard deviation (RSD) < 6%. The visual detection limit of sensor is lower than the ADA limitation in flour (45 mg/kg), which makes the sensor a potential approach for the instrument-free visual and on-site detection of ADA in flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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Tang T, Wei F, Wang X, Ma Y, Song Y, Ma Y, Song Q, Xu G, Cen Y, Hu Q. Determination of semicarbazide in fish by molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1076:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang J, Shi D, Zheng M, Ma B, Cui J, Liu C, Liu C. Screening, separation, and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Paeonia lactiflora using chromatography combined with a multi-mode microplate reader. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4160-4167. [PMID: 28857450 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have become one of the most important resources for discovering novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which are commonly employed in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, to date, few reports exist regarding the use of monoterpene glycosides as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Thus, we herein report the use of ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography in the screening of monoterpene glycoside xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the extract of Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora), and both high-performance counter-current chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography were employed to separate the main constituents. Furthermore, the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and the mechanisms of inhibition of the isolated compounds were evaluated using a multi-mode microplate reader by Molecular Devices. As a result, three monoterpene glycosides were separated by combined high-performance counter-current chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography in purities of 90.4, 98.0, and 86.3%, as determined by liquid chromatography. These three compounds were identified as albiflorin, paeoniflorin, and 1-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl-8-O-benzoylpaeonisuffrone by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and albiflorin and paeoniflorin were screened as potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors by ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography. The evaluation results of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity corresponded with the screening results, as only albiflorin and paeoniflorin exhibited xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meizhu Zheng
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Ma
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Cui
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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