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Luo Y, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Luan Y, Ma L, Chen L, Zou L, Yang J, Huang Z, Rao Y, Zhang C. A reliable tool for detecting 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in human plasma and its use in diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1080-1093. [PMID: 34962712 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is a birth defect caused by the deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, which leads to accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and reduction of cholesterol in body fluids. To effectively diagnose Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and monitor therapy, a reliable method for simultaneous detection of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol is needed. METHODS In the presence of antioxidants (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol and triphenylphosphine), 50 μL of human plasma were hydrolyzed at 70℃ for 40 min with 1 M potassium hydroxide in 90% ethanol, and then 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol were extracted by 600 μL of n-hexane for three times. After microwave-assisted derivatization with 70 μL of N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 460 W for 3 min, the analytes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The limits of detection were 100 ng/mL for 7-dehydrocholesterol and 300 ng/mL for cholesterol. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 1-600 μg/mL for 7-dehydrocholesterol and 10-600 μg/mL for cholesterol, which completely covered the biochemical levels of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome patients that have been reported. CONCLUSION A time-saving and accurate GC-MS based method was developed for the determination of 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol in human plasma, which also serves as a useful tool for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome diagnosis, treatment and research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhengyuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yujie Zeng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yujing Luan
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology Shanghai Children's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- Shanghai WeHealth BioMedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201315, PR China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chengqiang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 419 Fang Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
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Liu M, Chen L, Li X, Meng J, Bai Y, Liu H. Separation and determination of 3-hydroxyaspartate by online concentration capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence with microwave-assisted derivatization. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3646-3653. [PMID: 34350710 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chiral analytical method was proposed based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection coupled with microwave-assisted derivatization for the simultaneous baseline separation and sensitive detection of four stereoisomers of 3-hydroxyaspartate. The derivatization reaction of 3-hydroxyaspartate with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole was greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation. Under the optimized conditions, the derivatization yield was increased by 20% and the derivatization time was shortened by 20 min when compared with those from conventional water bath heating. In addition, the sensitivity was improved by online sample concentration methods. The detection limit of l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate obtained by large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching was 5.3 nmol/L, which was around 1000-fold lower than that of the capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence without stacking. The excellent analytical performance in terms of linearity and precision was also achieved. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of 3-hydroxyaspartate in the spiked urine, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.5 to 107.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Meng
- Department of mathematics, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Halawa MI, Mostafa IM, Wu G, Li BS. Amplified anodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) for ultrasensitive detection of bambuterol: Application to content uniformity testing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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Chen Z, Gao Y, Zhong D. Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4798. [PMID: 31994210 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic method has long been recognized as the most widely used separation method in bioanalytical research. However, the relatively low sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods remains a significant challenge, as the requirements for experimental procedures become more demanding. This review discusses the main causes for the low sensitivity of chromatographic methods and aims to introduce different technologies for enhancing their sensitivity in the following aspects: (i) different pretreatment methods for improving clean-up efficiency and recovery; (ii) derivatization step for altering the chromatographic behavior of analytes and enhancing MS ionization efficiency; (iii) optimal LC-MS conditions and appropriate separation mechanism; and (iv) applications of other chromatographic methods, including miniaturized LC, 2D-LC, 2D-GC, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Altogether, this review is devoted to summarizing the recent technologies reported in the literature and providing new strategies for the detection of bioanalytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rapid microwave assisted derivatization of nitrofuran metabolites for analysis in shrimp by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Luo X, Sun Z, Wang X, Yu Y, Ji Z, Zhang S, Li G, You J. Determination of nitrofuran metabolites in marine products by high performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection with microwave-assisted derivatization. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05479g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 3-amino-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 1-aminohydantoin (AH)) in marine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Xining 810001
- China
| | - Shijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources
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Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Fu Q, Schlenk D, Gan J. Chiral pharmaceuticals: A review on their environmental occurrence and fate processes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:527-542. [PMID: 28806704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of pharmaceuticals in current use are chiral compounds. Enantiomers of the same pharmaceutical have identical physicochemical properties, but may exhibit differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity. The advancement in separation and detection methods has made it possible to analyze trace amounts of chiral compounds in environmental media. As a result, interest on chiral analysis and evaluation of stereoselectivity in environmental occurrence, phase distribution and degradation of chiral pharmaceuticals has grown substantially in recent years. Here we review recent studies on the analysis, occurrence, and fate of chiral pharmaceuticals in engineered and natural environments. Monitoring studies have shown ubiquitous presence of chiral pharmaceuticals in wastewater, surface waters, sediments, and sludge, particularly β-receptor antagonists, analgesics, antifungals, and antidepressants. Selective sorption and microbial degradation have been demonstrated to result in enrichment of one enantiomer over the other. The changes in enantiomer composition may also be caused by biologically catalyzed chiral inversion. However, accurate evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals as trace environmental pollutants is often hampered by the lack of identification of the stereoconfiguration of enantiomers. Furthermore, a systematic approach including occurrence, fate and transport in various environmental matrices is needed to minimize uncertainties in risk assessment of chiral pharmaceuticals as emerging environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
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