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Ashraf-Khorassani M, Perfetti TA, Dube MF, Coleman WM, Ferraro JM, Umstead WJ. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Nornicotine Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:492-497. [PMID: 37451696 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An optimized method employing chiral supercritical fluid chromatography with diode array UV-VIS detection has been developed for the quantitative analysis of nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer distributions. The method parameters that were optimized included: column type (stationary phases, Chiralpak IG-3), column temperature (40°C), modifier types and concentration (isopropyl alcohol, 10%), additive types and concentrations (diethylamine, 0.2%), elution times (<6 min, flow rate 3 mL/min) and resolution factor (>1.2). These optimized conditions led to nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer detection limits of ~5 ng/μL with accompanying %RSD values of <2% from the analyses of commercially available nicotine-containing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ashraf-Khorassani
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfiled Drive,171 Davidson Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Mike F Dube
- Dube180Consulting, LLC, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | | | - John M Ferraro
- Daicel Chiral Technologies, 1475 Dunwoody Dr. Suite 310, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Weston J Umstead
- Daicel Chiral Technologies, 1475 Dunwoody Dr. Suite 310, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
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Deng H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu S, Ji Y, Fan Z, Li Z, Yang F, Bian Z, Tang G. Separation of N'-nitrosonornicotine isomers and enantiomers by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461971. [PMID: 33626439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the most prevalent and toxic tobacco-specific nitrosoamines. A chiral center at its 2'-position results in R and S enantiomers, the partial double bond character of the NN = O group also results in E and Z isomers, therefore, NNN can form a total of four absolute configurations (E-(R)-NNN, E-(S)-NNN, Z-(R)-NNN, and Z-(S)-NNN). This study investigated the resolution of R/S enantiomers and E/Z isomers of NNN by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). The baseline separation of E/Z-(R,S)-NNN isomers/enantiomers was accomplished through the optimization of chiral columns and co-solvents. Due to the lack of single standard of E/Z isomers, only R-NNN (sum of E-(R)-NNN and Z-(R)-NNN) and S-NNN (sum of E-(S)-NNN and Z-(S)-NNN) were further examined. Through the comprehensive optimization of SFC-MS/MS conditions, R-NNN and S-NNN were separated with a run time of 5 min, the developed method was validated, and its applicability to the determination of NNN enantiomers in burley tobacco samples was demonstrated. This study could be applied to preparative separation of single enantiomer and/or isomer of NNN, and could provide potential benefits to biologic activity studies on these enantiomers and isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Application of Chiral and Achiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Pesticide Analysis: A Review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deng H, Tang G, Fan Z, Liu S, Li Z, Wang Y, Bian Z, Shen W, Tang S, Yang F. Use of autoclave extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to analyze 4-(methylintrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N'-nitrosonornicotine in tobacco. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:207-214. [PMID: 30827697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
4-(methylintrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most prevalent and toxic tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Due to their carcinogenicity, knowledge of the composition of NNK and NNN in tobacco is necessary. Herein, a sensitive and rapid method, which employs autoclave extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS), has been developed for the analysis of NNK and NNN in tobacco. Both water-soluble and matrix-bound NNK and NNN were extracted with 100 mM ammonium acetate in an autoclave (130 °C, 4 h), and the aqueous extract was subjected to solvent replacement prior to SFC-MS/MS analysis. NNK and NNN were effectively separated within 5 min by using supercritical CO2 as the main mobile phase coupled with a co-solvent of methanol. Excellent linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.9997 in the range of 1-160 ng/mL and 5-800 ng/mL for NNK and NNN, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 92.5-110.0% at different spiked levels of real samples. 12 tobacco samples which include 3 typical tobacco varieties of burley, flue-cured, and oriental tobaccos had been analyzed, and the fraction of matrix-bound NNK was determined as well. In addition, a comparison between the proposed SFC-MS/MS method and a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) internal standard method was conducted. Both techniques exhibit comparable analysis results, but peak splitting of NNN was observed by LC-MSMS due to the existence of E/Z isomers, while SFC-MS/MS offers great improvement through elution condition optimization, demonstrating the applicability of SFC-MS/MS as an alternative tool for NNK and NNN analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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