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Mazza FC, de Souza Sampaio NA, von Mühlen C. Hyperspeed method for analyzing organochloride pesticides in sediments using two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2629-2640. [PMID: 36495323 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are traditionally analyzed using conventional gas chromatography. When fast chromatography is associated with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), the resulting method presents high-resolution separation associated with a higher chromatographic speed. In the present work, a method for pesticide analysis in sediment samples was developed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction (QuEChERS) and a hyperspeed GC × GC separation. The QuEChERS procedure reported in the literature was extended to incorporate the analytes tetrachloro-m-xylene, decachlorobiphenyl, trans-chlordane, chlordane, endosulfan lactone, and endosulfan ether. To understand the chromatographic method improvement achieved, the recent concept of average theoretical peak time (ATPT) was used. The ATPT improved from that of the traditional GC × GC separation to the proposed method, and the separation speed can be classified as a hyperspeed separation. The limit of detection and quantitation of the compounds in the standard mix ranged from 0.39 to 17.96 µg L-1 and 1.18 to 54.43 µg L-1, respectively. The method showed acceptable RSD% (relative standard deviation) values and little interference of the sediment matrix in the extraction procedure. The developed method was applied to the determination of a mixture of 19 compounds in 16 sediment samples from the Pirapetinga River and Paraíba do Sul River in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cury Mazza
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil
| | - Nilo Antônio de Souza Sampaio
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil
| | - Carin von Mühlen
- Faculty of Technology, State University of Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Polo Industrial, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende, 27537-000, Brazil.
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Prebihalo SE, Reaser BC, Gough DV. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Benefits and Considerations for Current and Prospective Users. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.zi3478f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) offers improved separation power for complex samples containing hundreds to thousands of analytes. However, several considerations must be made to determine whether multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) is the logical instrument choice to answer a particular scientific question, including, but not limited to, whether the analysis is targeted or non-targeted, the number of analytes of interest, and the presence of interferences that are coeluted, as well as any potential regulatory or industrial constraints. Currently, MDGC remains daunting for many users because of data complexity and the limited tools commercially available, which are critical for improving the accessibility of MDGC. Herein, we discuss considerations that may assist analysts, laboratory managers, regulatory agents, instrument and software vendors, and those interested in understanding the applicability of 2D-GC for the scientific question being investigated.
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Farrapeira RO, Andrade YB, Schena T, Schneider JK, von Muhlen C, Bjerk TR, Krause LC, Caramão EB. Characterization by Fast-GC × GC/TOFMS of the Acidic/Basic/Neutral Fractions of Bio-Oils from Fast Pyrolysis of Green Coconut Fibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O. Farrapeira
- Post Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Yasmine B. Andrade
- Post Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Tiago Schena
- Chemistry Institute, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91509-900, Brazil
| | - Jaderson K. Schneider
- Institute of Technology and Research─ITP, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490 Brazil
| | - Carin von Muhlen
- Chemistry Department, UERJ, Rezende, Rio de Janeiro 27 537-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago R. Bjerk
- Post Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Laiza C. Krause
- Post Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Elina B. Caramão
- Post Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
- INCT Energia & Ambiente, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia 40 170-115, Brazil
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Gehm C, Schnepel K, Czech H, Miersch T, Ehlert S, Zimmermann R. Hyper-fast gas chromatography and single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry with integrated electrical modulator-based sampling for headspace and online VOC analyses. Analyst 2021; 146:3137-3149. [PMID: 33949436 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel fast gas chromatography (fastGC) instrument with integrated sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and detection by single-photon ionisation (SPI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). A consumable-free electrical modulator rapidly cools down to -55 °C to trap VOCs and inject them on a short chromatographic column by prompt heating to 300 °C, followed by carrier gas exchange from air to helium. Due to the low thermal mass and optical heating, the fastGC is operated within total runtimes including cooling for 30 s and 15 s, referring to hyper-fast GC, and at a constantly increasing temperature ramp from 30 °C to 280 °C. The application of soft SPI-TOFMS allows the detection of co-eluting VOCs of different molecular compositions, which cannot be resolved by conventional GC (cGC) with electron ionisation (EI). Among other analytical figures of merit, we achieved limits of detection for toluene and p-xylene of 2 ppb and 0.5 ppb, respectively, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and a linear response over a range of more than five orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we demonstrate the performance of the instrument on samples from the fields of environmental research and food science by headspace analysis of roasted coffee beans and needles from coniferous trees as well as by quasi-real-time analysis of biomass burning emissions and coffee roast gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehm
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Schena T, Bjerk TR, von Mühlen C, Caramão EB. Influence of acquisition rate on performance of fast comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for coconut fiber bio-oil characterization. Talanta 2020; 219:121186. [PMID: 32887104 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS) is used to characterize complex bio-oil samples because of the high peak capacity associated with the high acquisition rate and mass spectra deconvolution capability of TOFMS. A recent application of fast GC × GC for this type of analysis improved sample throughput while achieving the same peak capacity without the use of cryogenic liquids. This work evaluates the effect of the TOFMS data acquisition rate on the quality of the analytical information obtained by GC × GC/TOFMS. In the analysis of coconut fiber bio-oil under fast GC × GC/TOFMS conditions, use of high data acquisition rates (200-300 Hz) increases the number of identifiable peaks by more than 50% compared with that achieved at the conventional rate of 100 Hz. The acquisition rate can affect the peak capacity by a factor of 3 or more. This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of optimizing the data acquisition rate, a parameter that has previously been neglected in the literature, in GC × GC/TOFMS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Schena
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Química, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Rodrigues Bjerk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
| | - Carin von Mühlen
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual Do Rio de Janeiro, Resende, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elina Bastos Caramão
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Química, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; INCT E&A, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Amaral MSS, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Advances in Technology and Applications: Biennial Update. Anal Chem 2019; 92:85-104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. S. Amaral
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Schena T, Farrapeira R, Bjerk TR, Krause LC, Mühlen C, Caramão EB. Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied in the characterization of bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of coconut fibers. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Schena
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Instituto de Química Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rafael Farrapeira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Thiago R. Bjerk
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
| | - Laiza C. Krause
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
- INCT E&AUFBA Salvador BA Brazil
| | - Carin Mühlen
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rezende RJ Brazil
| | - Elina B. Caramão
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Instituto de Química Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biotecnologia IndustrialUniversidade Tiradentes (UNIT) Aracaju SE Brazil
- INCT E&AUFBA Salvador BA Brazil
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