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Hu Y, Zhang P, Liu K, Peng B, Zhang W, He L, Zhao W, Zhang S. Preparation and evaluation of a pyridine sulfonate betaine-based zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465333. [PMID: 39260151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A zwitterionic stationary phase comprising pyridinium cations and sulfonate anions was successfully developed through thiol-ene click chemistry. Using seven polar small molecules as probes, the zwitterionic stationary phase showed high separation selectivity and excellent column efficiency (35,200-54,800 plates/m) compared with two commercial columns. The influence of water proportion, salt concentration, and pH in the mobile phase, and column temperature, on the retention of six polar compounds was examined. The retention mechanism was explored by three hydrophilic retention models, Tanaka test and linear solvation energy relationship analysis. For the analysis of sample dairy products (milk powder, milk, and yogurt), the stationary phase was operated in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode without the addition of buffer salts, facilitating rapid and efficient detection and quantification of melamine. The LOD and LOQ are 0.04 mg⋅g-1 and 0.13 mg⋅g-1, respectively, and the recovery rate is 90.3 - 102.8 %. The zwitterionic stationary phase has the advantages of simple preparation, good method reproducibility, good selectivity and high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Kejian Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Bin Peng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- Chemistry College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Chemistry College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, Henan Province, PR China
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2
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Lai L, Zhang M, Li T, Qu J, Xu D, Yu P, Jiang Z. Preparation and evaluation of a piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic monolith for HILIC separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464864. [PMID: 38598890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith was prepared through thermally initiated co-polymerization of a piperidinium-sulfonate monomer 3-(4-((methacryloyloxy)methyl)-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (MAMMPS), and a hydrophilic crosslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) using n-propanol and H2O as porogenic system. Satisfactory mechanical and chemical stabilities, good repeatability and high column efficiency (120,000 N/m) were obtained on the optimal monolith. The resulting poly(MAMMPS-co-MBA) monolith showed a typical HILIC retention behavior over an ACN content range between 5 and 95 %. Furthermore, this column exhibited good separation performance for various polar compounds. Compared to quaternary ammonium-sulfonate based zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith, i.e. poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine-co-MBA), the poly(MAMMPS-co-MBA) monolith displayed stronger retention and better selectivity for the tested phenolic and amine compounds at different pH conditions. Finally, this column was applied for the separation of six sulfonamide antibiotics, and the analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of precision, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Overall, this study not only developed a novel HILIC monolithic column, but also proved the potential of piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic chemistry as stationary phase, which further increased the structure diversity of zwitterionic HILIC stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahuan Qu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Wei W, Long H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Preparation and application of a novel imine-linked covalent organic framework@silica composite for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatographic separations. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341635. [PMID: 37573114 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The composites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and silica gel have been considered to be promising chromatographic separation materials due to the distinct advantages such as large specific surface area, good mechanical strength and high porosity. In the present study, a novel imine-linked COF@silica composite was prepared by in-situ growth of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTA) monomers on the surface of aminated silica gel (SiO2-NH2). The successful surface-modification of TAPT-DHTA-COF distinctly enhanced the separation selectivity and efficiency of SiO2-NH2. Multiple types of analyte-stationary phase interactions contributed to the selective retention of structurally similar analytes. The designed TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 was observed to effectively separate hydrophobic phenyl ketones, phthalate esters and steroid hormones. Moreover, the polar amino and hydroxyl groups of TAPT-DHTA-COF facilitated the selective determination of hydrophilic nucleosides/bases. The kinetic performance and thermodynamic behavior of TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column were particularly explored. It was found that column efficiency was mainly affected by the mass transfer resistance, and the retention of nucleosides/bases on the TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column was temperature dependent. The developed versatile TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 column was finally applied for detecting environmental hormones as well as water-soluble nicotinamide in real samples. In summary, the potential application of TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 composite material for liquid chromatographic separations was first explored and verified. The TAPT-DHTA-COF@SiO2 was proved to be a promising chromatographic separation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Haoyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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Hu Y, Kadotani J, Kuwahara Y, Ihara H, Takafuji M. Zwitterionic polymer-terminated porous silica stationary phases for highly selective separation in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463885. [PMID: 36848731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We described two novel zwitterionic polymer-terminated porous silica stationary phases containing the same pyridinium cation and anions of different side chains (carboxylate and phosphonate groups) for use in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). These two novel columns were prepared by polymerizing 4-vinylpyridine and grafting it onto a silica surface, followed by quaternization reaction with 3-bromopropionic acid (Sil-VPC24) and (3-bromopropyl) phosphonic acid (Sil-VPP24), which possess positively charged pyridinium groups, and negatively charged carboxylate and phosphonate groups, respectively. The products obtained were verified through relevant characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Zeta potential analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The retention properties and mechanisms of different types of compounds (neutral, cationic, and anionic) on the two zwitterionic-modified silica stationary phases were studied by varying the buffer salt concentration and pH of the eluent. The separation of phenol and aromatic acids, disubstituted benzene isomers, sulfonamide drugs, as well as nucleosides/nucleobases were investigated on the two packed novel columns and a commercial zwitterionic column in identical HILIC mode, ensuring a thorough comparison between both novel columns and with a commercial standard. The results illustrated that various compounds could be separated up to various efficiencies based on the mechanism of hydrophilic interaction-based retention between the solutes and the two zwitterionic polymer stationary phases. The Sil-VPP24 column demonstrated the best separation performance out of the three, as well as flexible selectivity and excellent resolution. Both novel columns exhibited excellent stability and chromatographic repeatability for the separation of seven nucleosides and bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Kadotani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905, Henoko, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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A Compendium of the Principal Stationary Phases Used in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Where Have We Arrived? SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) today is a well-known and largely applied technique to analyse polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, proteins, peptides, amino acids, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. Due to the large number of stationary phases employed for HILIC applications, this review aims to help the reader in choosing a proper stationary phase, which often represents the critical point for the success of a separation. A great offer is present for achiral applications in contrast to the chiral phases developed for HILIC enantioseparations. In the last case, up-to-date solutions are presented.
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Guo Y. A Survey of Polar Stationary Phases for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Recent Progress in Understanding Retention and Selectivity. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5332. [PMID: 35001408 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various polar stationary phases have become available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and help drive continuous applications in biomedical, environmental and pharmaceutical areas in the past decade. Although the stationary phases for HILIC have been reviewed previously, it is an appropriate time to take another look at the progresses during the past five years. The current review provides an overview of the polar stationary phases commercially available for HILIC applications in an effort to assist scientists in selecting suitable columns. New types of stationary phase that were published in literature in the past five years are summarized and discussed. The trend in stationary phase research and development is also highlighted. Of particular interest is the experimental evidence for direct interactions of polar analytes with the ligands of the stationary phases under HILIC conditions. In addition, two different approaches have been developed to delineate the relative significance of the partitioning and adsorption mechanisms in HILIC, representing an important advancement in our understanding of the retention mechanisms in HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Zheng Y, Wan M, Zhou J, Luo Q, Gao D, Fu Q, Zeng J, Zu F, Wang L. Striped covalent organic frameworks modified stationary phase for mixed mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462186. [PMID: 34034102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have showed expected potential in chromatographic separation due to unique structure and excellent performance. Nowadays, COF materials applied as chromatographic stationary phases is still in its infancy. Here, we modified COF materials on silica using benzene-1,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) monomers by one-pot synthetic method for performing mixed-mode function, named as SiO2@COF. Five characterization methods including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), elemental analysis (EA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the morphology, structure characteristics and physicochemical properties of the materials. SiO2@COF for performing the separation of polar and nonpolar analytes on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) achieved the desired results. Retention mechanisms of the constructed SiO2@COF were researched via observing the effects of mobile phase with retention times. Results exhibited that the prepared stationary phase can provide various interaction modes, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. In conclusion, the prepared SiO2@COF stationary phase can execute mixed-mode separation abilities and show potential for complex samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Meijun Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qiurong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Fengjiao Zu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwes Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China,; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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8
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Zhou D, Zheng Y, Luo Q, Gao D, Fu Q, Zhang K, Xia Z, Wang L. Preparation of an aspartame and N-isopropyl acrylamide copolymer functionalized stationary phase with multi-mode and chiral separation abilities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Qiao L, Yu C, Sun R. Preparation and comparison of three zwitterionic stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1071-1079. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Qiao
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
| | - Ruiting Sun
- Institution State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Panjin P. R. China
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Stable-bond polymeric reversed-phase/weak anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phases obtained by simultaneous functionalization and crosslinking of a poly(3-mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane-film on vinyl silica via thiol-ene double click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li X, Li B, Liu M, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Qiao X. Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks as the Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase for Hydrophilic Interaction/Reversed-Phase Chromatography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10320-10327. [PMID: 30785718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stationary phases with mixed-mode mechanisms have emerged as a hot research topic. In the present research, monodisperse core-shell UiO-67@SiO2 materials were prepared and further served as the packed column for mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The developed UiO-67@SiO2 materials were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The developed UiO-67@SiO2 column shows flexible selectivity for separation of both hydrophobic (anilines, alkylbenzenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and hydrophilic (thioureas) compounds. Furthermore, the UiO-67@SiO2 column was also utilized to characterize potential pollutants in lake water samples. In summary, the UiO-67@SiO2 column provided flexible selectivity and wide-range retention behaviors for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Analytical Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Analytical Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Analytical Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Analytical Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Liaoning Province , Dalian Medical University , No. 9 Lvshun South Road , Dalian 116044 , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Analytical Science & Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
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