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Kartsova L, Maliushevska A. Determination of amino acids and peptides without their pre-column derivatization by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet and contactless conductivity detection. An overview. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400352. [PMID: 39189592 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent works focusing on the determination of amino acids (AAs) and peptides using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and ultraviolet (UV) detection, which is the most widespread detection in capillary electromigration techniques, without pre-capillary derivatization. Available options for the UV detection of these analytes, such as indirect detection, complexation with transition metal ions, and in-capillary derivatization are described. Developments in the field of direct detection of UV-absorbing AAs and peptides as well as progress in chiral separation are described. A separate section is dedicated to using on-line sample preconcentration methods combined with capillary electrophoresis-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Kartsova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Woiwode U, Sievers-Engler A, Lämmerhofer M. Cross-linked polysiloxane-coated stable bond O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)quinine and quinidine chiral stationary phases as well as application in enantioselective cryo-HPLC. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:989-999. [PMID: 37916661 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, brush-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)-modified quinidine (DIPPCQD-brush/-SH) and O-9-(2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)-modified quinine (DIPPCQN-brush/-SH) were prepared as benchmarks for comparison with new corresponding polymeric CSPs with more stable bonding chemistry. These polymeric CSPs were prepared by coating a thin poly(3-mercaptopropyl)-methylsiloxane film together with the chiral selector onto vinyl-modified silica. In a second step, immobilization of the quinine/quinidine derivatives as well as cross-linking of the polysiloxane film to the vinyl-silica is achieved by a double thiol-ene click reaction. The polymeric CSPs exhibited similar enantioselectivity as the corresponding brush phases, but showed lower chromatographic efficiencies. Chiral acidic substances were separated into enantiomers (e.g., N-protected amino acids, herbicides like dichlorprop) in accordance with an enantioselective anion-exchange process. Oxidation of residual thiol groups of the polymer DIPPCQN-CSP introduced sulfonic acid co-ligands on the silica surface, which resulted in greatly reduced retention times. Acting as immobilized counterions, they allowed to reduce the concentration of counterions in the mobile phase, which is favorable for liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry application. Ibuprofen showed a single peak under ambient column temperature. However, application of cryogenic cooling of the column enabled to achieve baseline separation at -20°C column temperature. It can be explained by an enthalpically dominated separation, which leads to an increase in separation factors when the temperature is reduced. While it is quite uncommon to work at subzero degree column temperature, this work illustrates the potential to exploit such temperature regime for optimization of LC enantiomer separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Upmanis T, Sevostjanovs E, Kažoka H. Chiral recognition mechanism studies of Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH 2 tetrapeptide on crown ether-based chiral stationary phase. Chirality 2024; 36:e23619. [PMID: 37700546 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though chiral recognition for crown-ether CSPs is generally understood, on a molecular level, exact mechanisms for the resolution are still unclear. Furthermore, short peptide analytes often contain multiple amino moieties capable of binding to the crown ether selector. In order to extend the understanding in chiral recognition mechanisms, polar organic mode separation of Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 tetrapeptide llll/dddd enantiomers on S- and R-(3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 stationary phases was studied with 50-mM perchloric acid in methanol as mobile phase. Deviation from the generally acceptable 1:1 stoichiometry was supported by mass spectroscopy analysis of the formed complexes between tetrapeptide enantiomer and crown ether selectors, which revealed adducts possessing 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 stoichiometry. Further investigation of complexation induced shifts by NMR indicated on different binding mechanisms between llll/dddd enantiomers of Tyr-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 and crown ether selectors. Enantioselective proton shifts were observed in studied tetrapeptide tyrosine and phenylalanine residues exclusively for llll enantiomer upon binding with S-(3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 selector (and dddd enantiomer with R-(3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 selector), indicating that these two amino acid residues contribute to chiral recognition. The obtained results were in agreement with the LC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toms Upmanis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Helena Kažoka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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Tang T, Shen K, Li J, Liang X, Tang Y, Li C, He Y. Optimal weak measurement scheme for chiral molecular detection based on photonic spin Hall effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40308-40316. [PMID: 38041335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a precision method to measure the chiroptical signal of Artemisinin solutions using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) on the Ce:YIG-YIG-SiO2 structure as a probe. The effects of transmission distance, incident angles, applied magnetic fields of different directions, and beam waist of light on the weak measurement system are analytically investigated through simulations. It is found that decreasing the beam waist of the incident spot, increasing the incident angle, increasing the transmission distance, and adding a longitudinal magnetic field is conducive to enhancing the amplification transverse shift of PSHE, thus the measurement sensitivity is greatly improved. Based on the optimal weak measurement scheme, the detection limit for concentration measurement of artemisinin based on optical rotatory (OR) was reduced to 0.05 mg/ml. The measurement precision of the OR angle has been improved to 10-7rad.
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Li F, Karongo R, Mavridou D, Horak J, Sievers-Engler A, Lämmerhofer M. Automated sample preparation with 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate and iodoacetamide derivatization reagents for enantioselective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry amino acid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464349. [PMID: 37696129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective amino acid analysis is gaining increasing importance in pharmaceutical, biomedical and food sciences. While there are many methods available for enantiomer separation of amino acids, the simultaneous analysis of all chiral proteinogenic amino acids by a single method with one column and a single condition is still challenging. Herein, we report an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay using Chiralpak QN-AX as chiral column. With 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydrosysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) as derivatization reagent, efficient enantioselective separation of D- and L-amino acids using HPLC has become possible. Thiol-containing amino acids like Cys are alkylated prior to AQC-labelling. A protocol for automated sample preparation including both derivatization step and calibrator preparation is presented. For compensating matrix effects, u-13C15N-labelled internal standards (IS) were employed. The method was validated and applied to the enantioselective analysis of amino acids in a bacterial fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Invite GmbH, Formulation Technology, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Analytical Development API, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Despoina Mavridou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Sievers-Engler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Seog DJH, van Kien N, Ryoo JJ. Amino alcohol-derived chiral stationary phases. Chirality 2023; 35:739-752. [PMID: 37144722 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An updated minireview of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on amino alcohols is presented. In this minireview, we focused on amino alcohols as starting materials in preparation of chiral catalysts for asymmetric organic synthesis and CSPs for chiral separations. Among the various CSPs, we summarized the important developments and applications of the amino alcohol-based Pirkle-type CSPs, ligand exchange CSPs, α-amino acid-derived amino alcohol CSPs, and symmetric CSPs from their first appearance to the present day to propose ideas for the development of new CSPs with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jin Han Seog
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nguyen van Kien
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Jeong Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Fernandes C, Ribeiro R, Pinto M, Kijjoa A. Absolute Stereochemistry Determination of Bioactive Marine-Derived Cyclopeptides by Liquid Chromatography Methods: An Update Review (2018-2022). Molecules 2023; 28:615. [PMID: 36677673 PMCID: PMC9867211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopeptides are considered as one of the most important classes of compounds derived from marine sources, due to their structural diversity and a myriad of their biological and pharmacological activities. Since marine-derived cyclopeptides consist of different amino acids, many of which are non-proteinogenic, they possess various stereogenic centers. In this respect, the structure elucidation of new molecular scaffolds obtained from natural sources, including marine-derived cyclopeptides, can become a very challenging task. The determination of the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues is accomplished, in most cases, by performing acidic hydrolysis, followed by analyses by liquid chromatography (LC). In a continuation with the authors' previous publication, and to analyze the current trends, the present review covers recently published works (from January 2018 to November 2022) regarding new cyclopeptides from marine organisms, with a special focus on their biological/pharmacological activities and the absolute stereochemical assignment of the amino acid residues. Ninety-one unreported marine-derived cyclopeptides were identified during this period, most of which displayed anticancer or antimicrobial activities. Marfey's method, which involves LC, was found to be the most frequently used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Karongo R, Horak J, Lämmerhofer M. Comprehensive Online Reversed-Phase × Chiral Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Data-Independent Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion Spectra-Acquisition for Untargeted Enantioselective Amino Acid Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17063-17072. [PMID: 36442145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an advanced analytical platform for untargeted enantioselective amino acid analysis (eAAA) by comprehensive achiral × chiral 2D-LC hyphenated to ESI-QTOF-MS/MS utilizing data-independent SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra) technology. The methodology involves N-terminal pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC; AccQ) as retention, selectivity, and MS tag, supporting retention and UV detection in RPLC (1D), chiral recognition, and thus enantioselectivity by the core-shell tandem column composed of a quinine carbamate weak anion exchanger (QN-AX) and a zwitterionic chiral ion-exchanger (ZWIX(+)) (2D) as well as the ionization efficiency during positive electrospray ionization due to a high proton affinity of the AQC label. Furthermore, the urea-type MS tag gives rise to the generation of AQC-tag characteristic signature fragments in MS2. The latter allows the chemoselective mass spectrometric filtering of targeted and untargeted N-derivatized amino acids or related labeled species. The chiral core-shell tandem column provides a complete enantioselective amino acid profile of all proteinogenic amino acids within 1 min, with full baseline separation of all enantiomers, but without resolution of isomeric Ile/allo-Ile (aIle)/Leu, which can be resolved by RPLC. The entire LC × LC separation occurs within a total run time of 60 min (1D), with the chiral 2D operated in gradient elution mode and a cycle time of 60 s. A strategy to mine the 2D-LC-SWATH data is presented and demonstrated for the qualitative eAAA of two peptide hydrolysate samples of therapeutic peptides containing common and uncommon as well as primary and secondary amino acids. Absolute configuration assignment of amino acids using template matching for all proteinogenic amino acids was made feasible due to method robustness and the inclusion of an isotopically labeled L-[U-13C15N]-AA standard. The quantification performance of this LC × LC-MS/MS assay was also evaluated. Accuracies were acceptable for the majority of AAs enabling AA composition determination in peptide hydrolysates simultaneously with configuration assignment, as exemplified by oxytocin. This methodology represents a step toward truly untargeted 2D enantioselective amino acid analysis and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Qi L, Qiao J. Progress of chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis for enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Recent Advances on Chiral Mobile Phase Additives: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Terashima H, Seki M, Saki W, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Mikami I, Kodama S. Chiral separation of catechin and epicatechin by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with β-cyclodextrin stepwise and linear gradient elution modes. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Influence of amino acid residue on chromatographic behaviour of μ-opioid receptor agonist tetrapeptide analogue on crown ether based chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Song Z, Li J, Lu W, Li B, Yang G, Bi Y, Arabi M, Wang X, Ma J, Chen L. Molecularly imprinted polymers based materials and their applications in chromatographic and electrophoretic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ikai T, Okuda S, Yashima E. Macromolecular helicity induction and static helicity memory of poly(biphenylylacetylene)s bearing aromatic pendant groups and their use as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Chirality 2021; 34:306-316. [PMID: 34839544 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel poly(biphenylylacetylene)s (PBPAs) bearing achiral alkylphenyl groups at the 4'-position of the biphenyl pendant through ester linkers with different sequences were synthesized by the rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding monomers. The influence of the alkylphenyl pendants and the ester sequences on the macromolecular helicity induction and subsequent static helicity memory was investigated. In addition, the chiral recognition ability as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography of the helicity-memorized PBPAs was also examined. Both polymers formed almost perfect right- and left-handed helical conformations through noncovalent chiral interactions with enantiomeric alcohols, and their induced macromolecular helicities were completely retained ("memorized") after removal of the helix inducer. A PBPA bearing a 4-n-butylphenoxycarbonyl pendant group with a static helicity memory showed a remarkably high chiral recognition ability toward a wide variety of chiral aromatics, including simple point chiral compounds, axially chiral biaryls, a chiral spiro compound, helicenes, and planar chiral cyclophanes, particularly under the reversed-phase conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Okuda
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Recent developments in separation methods for enantiomeric ratio determination of amino acids specifically involved in cataract and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Terashima H, Yamamoto A, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Mikami I, Ishihara Y, Kodama S. Enantioseparation of phenethylamines by using high-performance liquid chromatography column permanently coated with methylated β-cyclodextrin. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2932-2940. [PMID: 34077621 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been used for chiral high-performance liquid chromatography selectors, while they are costly to use as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography. Here, we report application of phenyl column coated permanently with methylated β-cyclodextrin for chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. A 0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid solution containing 1 M NaCl and 0.5% (w/v) methylated β-cyclodextrin was subjected to a phenyl column at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 30°C for 2 h. Using the precoating phenyl column, all the enantiomers of the four phenethylamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, octopamine, and synephrine) were successfully separated simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography with a mobile phase without methylated β-cyclodextrin at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min at 30°C. The enantioseparation ability was retained for successive analyses during 1 week. It is suggested that inclusion complex of methylated β-cyclodextrin with a phenyl group on the surface of the stationary phase could be formed and that the inclusion complex could form the ternary complex with the injected analytes. The longer retention time of (S)-enantiomers of analytes than corresponding (R)-enantiomers for high-performance liquid chromatography could be explained from the higher stability of the methylated β-cyclodextrin complexes with (S)-enantiomers, which were confirmed by capillary electrophoresis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikko Mikami
- School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Kodama
- School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Application of chiral chromatography in radiopharmaceutical fields: A review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461611. [PMID: 33086153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral column chromatography (CCC) is a revolutionary analytical methodology for the enantioseparation of novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in the primary stages of drug development. Due to the different behaviors of tracer enantiomers (e.g. toxicity, metabolism and side effects) in administrated subjects, their separation and purification is a challenging endeavor. Over the last three decades, different commercial chiral columns have been applied for the enantioseparation of PET-radioligand (PET-RL) or radiotracers (PET-RT), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The categorization and reviewing of them is a vital topic. This review presents a brief overview of advances, applications, and future prospectives of CCC in radiopharmaceutical approaches. In addition, the effective chromatographic parameters and degravitation trends to enhance enantioseparation resolution are addressed. Moreover, the application and potential of chiral super fluidical chromatography (CSFC) as an alternative for enantioseparation in the field of radiopharmaceutical is discussed. Finally, the crucial application challenges of CCC are explained and imminent tasks are suggested.
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18
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Carenzi G, Sacchi S, Abbondi M, Pollegioni L. Direct chromatographic methods for enantioresolution of amino acids: recent developments. Amino Acids 2020; 52:849-862. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part II: Macrocyclic glycopeptide, donor-acceptor, ion-exchange, ligand-exchange and micellar selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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