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Zhen T, Wang H, Li C, Bai H, Qin F, Zhang H, Sun L. Characterization of chemical ingredients and in rats metabolic profiling of Lingyang Qingfei pills via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200793. [PMID: 37528471 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lingyang Qingfei pills (LQP), the renowned traditional Chinese medicine recipe, have been extensively utilized for the therapy of xerostomia, sore throat, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia in clinics. However, its phytochemicals remain equivocal, which severely limits the development of quality control and activity mechanisms. In the current research, a trusted method founded on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry technique was proposed for the comprehensive screening of in vitro and in vivo chemical compositions of LQP. As a consequence, 239 constituents were preliminarily characterized, 37 of which were accurately confirmed by reference standards. In addition, a total of 208 xenobiotics, containing 71 absorbed prototypes and 137 metabolites, were revealed in rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces, respectively. The metabolic reaction of hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, sulfation, and mixed-mode was detected in the biotransformations of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, and so forth. And 12 of the metabolites were new compounds. This experiment acted as the first reference for chemical substances and metabolites of LQP, which could provide valuable chemical information for further clarifying pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huafang Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feixu Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Fan S, Li B, Tian Y, Feng W, Niu L. Comprehensive characterization and identification of chemical constituents in Yangwei decoction using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1006-1019. [PMID: 34962084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yangwei decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat exogenous cold and internal injury with damp stagnation for many centuries. However, its systematic chemical profiling remains ambiguous, which has hampered the interpretation of pharmacology and the mechanism of its formula. In the present study, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully established for the first time to separate and identify the complicated components of Yangwei decoction. The accurate mass data of the protonated molecules, deprotonated molecules, and fragment ions were detected in positive and negative ion modes. A total of 226 compounds in Yangwei decoction were tentatively identified and unambiguously characterized by comparing their retention times and mass spectrometry data with those of reference standards and literature, including 24 lignans, 18 alkaloids, 9 phenylpropanoid glycosides, 76 flavonoids, 59 triterpenoids, 17 organic acids, 7 gingerols, 8 lactones, and 8 other compounds. The present study provides a novel method of constituents characterization for well-known Chinese medicine prescriptions. The study aims to lay a robust foundation for future research, providing the holistic quality control and pharmacology of Yangwei decoction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Fan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Tian
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Liying Niu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, P. R. China.,Hebei TCM Formula Granule Technology Innovation Center & TCM Formula Granule Research Center of Hebei Province University & TCM Quality Evaluation and Standardization Engineering Research Center, Hebei, P. R. China
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3
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Identification and characterization of quinoline alkaloids from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces by UPLC/Qtrap-MS and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114229. [PMID: 34252820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline alkaloids are the main bioactive and potentially toxic constituents in the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. (BXP), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of skin inflammation, eczema and rubella. However, the comprehensive analysis of the chemical components and metabolites of quinoline alkaloids remain unclear. In this study, an integrated strategy by combining UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and UPLC/Qtrap-MS was established to comprehensively profile the quinoline alkaloids from BXP and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces. Q-TOF-MS (MSE mode), Qtrap-MS (EMS, MIM, pMRM and NL mode) were performed for acquiring more precursor ions and clearer precursor product ions. A step-by-step manner based on the diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs), in-house database, ClogP value and dipole moment (μ) was proposed to overcome the complexities due to the similar fragmentation behaviors of the quinoline alkaloids. As a result, a total of 73 quinoline alkaloids were unambiguously or tentatively identified. Among them, 4 furoquinolines, 10 dihydrofuroquinolines, 2 pyranoquinolinones, 4 dihydropyranoquinolinones and 9 quinol-2-ones were characterized in BXP for the first time. Moreover, a total of 98 BXP-related constituents (including 57 prototypes and 41 metabolites) were detected in rat plasma, urine and feces. The metabolic pathways included phase I reactions (O-demethylation, hydroxylation and 2,3-olefinic epoxidation) and phase II reactions (conjugation with glucuronide, sulfate and N-acetylcysteine). In conclusion, the integrated strategy with the proposed stepwise manner is suitable for rapid identifying and characterizing more extensive quinoline alkaloids of BXP in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the results will be helpful for revealing the pharmacological effective substances or toxic substances of BXP and provide a solid basis for further research.
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Feng X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Li L, Sun Q, Zhang L. Identification of bilobetin metabolites, in vivo and in vitro, based on an efficient ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry strategy. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3408-3420. [PMID: 32573953 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bilobetin, a natural compound extracted from Ginkgo biloba, has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and promoting osteoblast differentiation. However, few studies have been conducted and there are no reports on its metabolites owing to its low content in nature. In addition, it has been reported to have potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolites of bilobetin in vitro and in vivo. Bilobetin was incubated with liver microsomes to determine metabolites in vitro, and faeces and urine were collected after oral administration to rats to determine metabolites in vivo. After the samples were processed, they were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 21 and 9 metabolites were detected in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Demethylation, demethylation and loss of water, demethylation and hydrogenation, demethylation and glycine conjugation, oxidation, methylation, oxidation and methylation, and hydrogenation were the main metabolic pathways. This study is the first to identify the metabolites of bilobetin and provides a theoretical foundation for the safe use of bilobetin in clinical application and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Luya Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P. R. China
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Li HK, Zhang WD, Gu Y, Wu GS. Strategy of systems biology for visualizing the “Black box” of traditional Chinese medicine. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_31_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Zheng G, Yang X, Chen B, Chao Y, Hu P, Cai Y, Wu B, Wei M. Identification and determination of chemical constituents of Citrus reticulata semen through ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:438-451. [PMID: 31654554 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus reticulata semen, a traditional Chinese medicinal material, has desirable medicinal and dietary properties. In this study, a method combining ultra high performance liquid chromatography with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated for the identification and analysis of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen for the first time. The evaluation of different retention times and fragmentation characteristics, as well as comparative analysis with the literature, resulted in the identification of 35 chemical constituents, including 21 flavonoids and 14 other compounds. The 21 flavonoids derived from C. reticulata semen were reported for the first time. Seven of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen were quantitatively analyzed using the developed method under the optimal conditions. The results showed that the content of limonin, hesperidin, nobiletin, synephrine, tangeretin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxide-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone in C. reticulata semen was 11.1666, 0.0404, 0.0092, 0.0255, 0.0087, 0.0010, and 0.0008 mg/g, respectively. This study demonstrated that the ultra high performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry based method can be used to rapidly and reliably analyze the chemical constituents of C. reticulata semen. These results provide a scientific basis for further studies of C. reticulata semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoDong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - XiuJuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - BaiZhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong, Jiangmen, P. R. China
| | - YingXin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - PingJun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - MinYan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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7
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Ye F, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhao T, Li S, Zhou T, Tan W. Identification of the major metabolites of (R)-salbutamol in human urine, plasma and feces using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3200-3208. [PMID: 31389651 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
(R)-Salbutamol is a selective β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, which produces a short-acting bronchodilator effect and is widely used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in humans. Drug metabolism and identification of the metabolites play an essential role in the evaluation of the overall efficacy and safety of the drugs in clinical practices. There are few reports on the identification of major metabolites of (R)-salbutamol in humans, and the number of identified metabolites is very limited. In this research, a method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed for the discovery and identification of (R)-salbutamol and its major metabolites in human biological samples. Totally, twelve metabolites of (R)-salbutamol were found and identified and all the metabolites could be found in urine, one metabolite in plasma and two metabolites in feces. Among all the metabolites, eight metabolites have never been reported before. The results indicated that (R)-salbutamol was mainly metabolized through isomerization, oxidation, reduction, glucuronidation, and sulfation pathways in vivo. The possible metabolic pathways of (R)-salbutamol were subsequently presented in this study, which contribute to a better understanding of the metabolism of (R)-salbutamol in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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