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Hou J, Wang X, Zhang J, Shen Z, Li X, Yang Y. Chuanxiong Renshen Decoction Inhibits Alzheimer's Disease Neuroinflammation by Regulating PPARγ/NF-κB Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3209-3232. [PMID: 39071817 PMCID: PMC11283787 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Previous studies of our research group have shown that Chuanxiong Renshen Decoction (CRD) has the effect of treating AD, but the exact mechanism of its effect is still not clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of CRD on AD neuroinflammation. Materials and Methods Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests were employed to assess the memory and learning capacity of AD mice. HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the neural cells of mice. The expression of Iba-1 and CD86 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Utilize UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics techniques and the KEGG to analyze the metabolic pathways of CRD against AD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced BV2 microglia cells to construct a neuroinflammatory model. The expression of Iba-1 and CD86 were detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PPARγ, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 proteins and inflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2 in PPARγ/NF-κB pathway with and without PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Results CRD ameliorated the learning and memory ability of 3×Tg-AD mice, repaired the damaged nerve cells in the hippocampus, reduced the area of Iba-1 and CD86 positive areas in both the hippocampus and cortex regions, as well as attenuated serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in mice. CRD-containing serum significantly decreased the expression level of Iba-1, significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly increased the protein expression of PPARγ, and significantly decreased the proteins expression of iNOS, COX-2 and p-NF-κB p65 in BV2 microglia cells. After addition of PPARγ inhibitor GW9662, the inhibitory effect of CRD-containing serum on NF-κB activation was significantly weakened. Conclusion CRD can activate PPARγ, regulating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting microglia over-activation and reducing AD neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Cui X, Liu H, Yan Y, Sun Y, Qi Y, Liu Y. The comprehensive mechanism underlying Schisandra polysaccharide in AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats based on hippocampal metabolomics and serum lipidomics techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115717. [PMID: 37716276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
As is well documented, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Meanwhile, Schisandra polysaccharide (SCP) has been reported to exert a protective effect on the nervous system and can regulate metabolic disorders in AD-like symptoms of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) 25-35-induced rats. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and metabolic markers for the diagnosis of AD are yet to be determined. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanism of action of SCP in AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats by combining pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. The pharmacodynamic results revealed that SCP significantly improved the spatial learning and long-term memory function and the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, alleviated inflammatory damage and oxidative stress, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and increased the proportion of mature neurons of AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats. The results of hippocampal metabolomics and serum lipidomics showed 46 and 48 potential biomarkers were identified for the SCP treatment of AD, respectively. The involved pathways principally comprised lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. This study elucidates the neuroprotective effect of SCP in AD and its mechanism from the perspective of metabolomics and lipidomics and provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic effect of SCP in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuexiang Sun
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yongxiu Qi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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3
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Chen G, Zhang H, Jiang J, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhang G, Zheng C, Xu H. Metabolomics approach to growth-age discrimination in mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300445. [PMID: 37736007 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Mountain-cultivated ginseng is typically harvested after 10 years, while ginseng aged over 15 years is considered wild ginseng. This study aims to differentiate mountain-cultivated ginseng by age, as the fraudulent practice of selling low-aged cultivated ginseng disguised as high-aged one is damaging the market. In this study, LC-MS analyzed 98 ginseng samples, and multivariate statistical analysis identified patterns between samples to select influential components. Machine learning models were developed to identify ginseng samples of different ages. The untargeted metabolomic analysis clearly divided samples aged 4-20 years into three age groups. Twenty-two potential age-dependent biomarkers were discovered to differentiate the three sample groups. Three machine learning models were used to predict new samples, and the optimal model was selected. Some biomarkers could determine age phases according to the differentiation of mountain-cultivated ginseng samples. These biomarkers were thoroughly analyzed for variation trends. The machine learning models established using the screened biomarkers successfully predicted the age group of new samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Gongmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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UPLC/Q-TOF MS-Based Urine Metabonomics Study to Identify Diffuse Axonal Injury Biomarkers in Rat. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2579489. [PMID: 36188427 PMCID: PMC9519327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2579489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) represents a frequent traumatic brain injury (TBI) type, significantly contributing to the dismal neurological prognosis and high mortality in TBI patients. The increase in mortality can be associated with delayed and nonspecific initial symptoms in DAI patients. Additionally, the existing approaches for diagnosis and monitoring are either low sensitivity or high cost. Therefore, novel, reliable, and objective diagnostic markers should be developed to diagnose and monitor DAI prognosis. Urine is an optimal sample to detect biomarkers for DAI noninvasively. Therefore, the DAI rat model was established in this work. Meanwhile, the ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry- (UPLC/Q-TOF MS-) untargeted metabolomics approach was utilized to identify the features of urine metabolomics to diagnose DAI. This work included 57 metabolites with significant alterations and 21 abnormal metabolic pathways from the injury groups. Three metabolites, viz., urea, butyric acid, and taurine, were identified as possible biomarkers to diagnose DAI based on the great fold changes (FCs) and biological functions during DAI. The present study detected several novel biomarkers for noninvasively diagnosing and monitoring DAI and helped understand the DAI-associated metabolic events.
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Yang B, He M, Chen X, Sun M, Pan T, Xu X, Zhang X, Gong Q, Zhao Y, Jin Z, Cheng Z. Acupuncture Effect Assessment in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: On Regulating Learning-Memory Abilities, Gut Microbiota, and Microbial Metabolites. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1527159. [PMID: 35432583 PMCID: PMC9012623 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1527159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain illness that affects learning and memory capacities over time. In recent investigations, acupuncture has been shown to be an effective alternative treatment for AD. We investigated the effect of acupuncture on learning and memory abilities using a water maze in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The amounts of Aβ and tau protein in mice's hippocampal tissue were determined using Western blot. The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, LPS and TNF-α in mice's serum were measured using ELISA. The variations of gut microbiota in mice's feces were determined using the 16SrDNA technique, and the metabolites were examined using a untargeted metabolomics methodology. The results showed that acupuncture treatment improved mice's learning and memory abilities substantially. Acupuncture therapy regulated the Aβ and tau protein concentration as well as the levels of IL-10 and LPS. Acupuncture treatment influenced the mouse microbiota and metabolites and had been linked to six biochemical pathways. This study adds to our understanding of the effect of acupuncture on AD and opens the door to further research into the alterations of intestinal bacteria in the presence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79, Chongshan Eastern Rd, Huanggu District, 110847 Shenyang, China
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Min He
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Qing Gong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Northwest University, No. 229, Taibai North Road, Xi' an 710069, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117 Changchun, China
| | - Zedong Cheng
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79, Chongshan Eastern Rd, Huanggu District, 110847 Shenyang, China
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Pan X, Chen K, Han S, Luo X, Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Li J, Fang J, Wang S, Ye X. Total Triterpenes of Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden & Gilb Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model and Regulates the Levels of Neurotransmitters, HPA Axis and NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:793525. [PMID: 35237160 PMCID: PMC8883346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.793525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:Wolfiporia cocos is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat depression. However, antidepressant-like effects of the main active ingredients of Wolfiporia cocos, total triterpenes of Wolfiporia cocos (TTWC), are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate those effects and explore their specific mechanisms of action in depth. Methods: Chemical components of TTWC were analyzed using LC-MS. Depression-like behavior in rats were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The suppressive effects of TTWC (60, 120, 240 mg/kg) against CUMS-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT). Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutamate (GLU), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in different groups were determined by ELISA. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, pro-IL-1beta, IL-1beta, pro-IL-18, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta and IL-18 were detected by RT-PCR. Results: A total of 69 lanostane-type triterpene acids of TTWC were identified. The results showed that TTWC exhibited an antidepressant-like effect in CUMS rats, reversed the decreased sugar preference in the SPT, reduction of immobility time in the FST, reduced the rest time, increased the total moving distance in the OFT. TTWC increased 5-HT levels and decreased GLU levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, TTWC decreased CRH levels in serum, indicating the regulation of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, reduced serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. The WB results implied that TTWC inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex and enhanced the expression of pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1beta, and pro-IL-18. Although most of the results were not significant, PCR results showed that TTWC inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1beta, and IL-18 in the prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: TTWC treatment exerted an antidepressant-like effect and regulates neurotransmitters, HPA axis and NLRP3 signaling pathway. These results indicated the potential of TTWC in preventing the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhuo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijie Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingxian Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Wang Y, Li X, Jing R, Yang W, Wang Y, Wang C, Yao L, Cui X, Hu Y. KXS Balances the Tryptophan Metabolism in Mild to Moderate Depressed Patients and Chronic Restraint Stress Induced Depressive Rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2485-2496. [PMID: 36345420 PMCID: PMC9636882 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s377982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tryptophan metabolism is involved in the etiology and exacerbation of depressive disorders. Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been widely used to treat depression and modulate serotonin simultaneously, but how it regulates depressive-like behavior by shifting the balance of the tryptophan-serotonin metabolism and kynurenine pathway remains vague. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten participants with mild to moderate depression treated with KXS (KXS preparation) were analyzed in this study. Depression rating scale score and the concentration of serum tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and kynurenine was measured at baseline and the endpoint of KXS treatment. To explore the specific regulatory mechanism of KXS in tryptophan metabolism, the chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to induce depressive-like syndrome in rats and the hippocampus level of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, kynurenine with downstream metabolites (kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid) and key enzymes (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, kynurenine aminotransferase) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electros pray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. RESULTS KXS significantly decreased depression rating scale scores and increased the serum tryptophan and kynurenine concentration in depressive patients compared to baseline. Also, it alleviated the depressive behavior in CRS rats obviously. Comparing with CRS group, KXS increased tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, kynurenine level in rat hippocampus. Furthermore, in kynurenine pathway, KXS decreased the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, increased kynurenic acid by upregulating the expression of kynurenine aminotransferase while decreased quinolinic acid level in hippocampus, which suggested that KXS more favored improving serotonin pathway, and neuroprotective kynurenic acid branch in the tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION This is the first tryptophan metabolomic study of patients with depression undergoing KXS treatment. Combining these clinical results with CRS induced rat model studies, it verified that KXS achieves an excellent antidepressant effect and balances tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathways by regulating some key metabolic products and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Wang
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshan Yang
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yao
- Graduate School of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- Department of Health Medicine, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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8
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Song F, Hu X, Qin Y, Jin Y. Urine metabolic profiling of dementia rats with vital energy deficiency using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:507-517. [PMID: 34779121 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic and multifactor-induced neurodegenerative disorder that occurs frequently in the elderly with weak constitution and insufficient vital energy. However, the relationship between vital energy deficiency and the occurrence and development of dementia is still unclear. In this study, a rat model of dementia with vital energy deficiency was established through intraperitoneal injection with d-galactose and AlCl3 and combined with exhaustive swimming. Changes in the dementia with vital energy deficiency rat model were assessed by examining behaviors, hippocampal histopathological and biochemical parameters, and serum biochemical parameters. Urine metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an orbitrap mass spectrometer was also used to discover endogenous metabolic profile and disease-related biomarkers and investigate the potential mechanism of dementia with vital energy deficiency. Among the 31 potential biomarkers that were identified, nine involved metabolic pathways. The four main types were phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and citrate cycle and pyrimidine metabolism. The pathogenesis of dementia with vital energy deficiency is mainly neurotoxin accumulation and body aging that leads to oxidative stress injury and loss of neuronal protective substances. Vital energy deficiency inhibits the body's energy metabolism and eventually leads to aggravate the dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Qin
- School of food science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Marine University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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9
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Hou Z, Liu S, Song F, Pi Z, Liu Z. Comprehensive physiopathology and serum metabolomics for the evaluation of the influence mechanism of qi deficiency on xenograft mouse models of liver cancer. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3789-3798. [PMID: 34406706 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that qi deficiency is important pathogenesis and syndrome of liver cancer and thus is crucial in related research. However, the effect of qi deficiency on the occurrence and development of liver cancer is still unclear. This study aimed to establish a liver cancer model of qi deficiency through the swimming exhaustion and xenograft of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The effects of qi deficiency on the occurrence and development of liver cancer were investigated by analyzing tumor development, blood routine, histopathology, and serum metabolomics. Results showed that qi deficiency greatly affected the physiology and tumor growth of xenograft mice. Eight potential biomarkers were identified by metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Their main pathways were arachidonic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, purine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, sphingomyelin metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathway. Finally, the effects of qi deficiency on the occurrence and development of liver cancer were comprehensively analyzed, and the mechanism of this process was preliminarily clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Hou
- College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao W, An R, Liu F, Gu J, Sun Y, Xu S, Pan Y, Gao Z, Ji H, Du Z. Urinary metabolomics analysis of the protective effects of Daming capsule on hyperlipidemia rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3305-3318. [PMID: 34185383 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is recognized as one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Daming capsule, a Chinese patent medicine, has shown definitive efficacy in patients with hyperlipidemia. In this study, serum biochemistry and histopathology assessment were used to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of Daming capsule. Furthermore, urinary metabolomics based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the urinary biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia and discover the underlying mechanisms of the antihyperlipidemic action of Daming capsule. After 10 weeks of treatment, Daming capsule significantly lowered serum lipid levels and ameliorated hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. A total of 33 potential biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were identified, among which 26 were robustly restored to normal levels after administration of Daming capsule. Pathway analysis revealed that the lipid-lowering effect of Daming capsule is related to the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including vitamin B and amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway. Notably, the study demonstrates that metabolomics is a powerful tool to elucidate the multitarget mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines, thereby promoting their research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fangtong Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Silun Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yumiao Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P. R. China
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11
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Sun Y, He Y, Liu S, Gao H, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Comparative pharmacokinetics of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan preparation and its single herbs in rats by using a putative multiple-reaction monitoring UPLC-MS/MS method. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:362-374. [PMID: 32896044 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The formula of Chinese medicine, Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan (DZXW), has the distinct feature of compatibility therapy, which is attributed to the interactions of multi-herbs. However, the quantification problem caused by the absence of pure reference standards is a bottleneck to clarify the compatibility advantages from the perspective of pharmacokinetics (PKs). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a putative multiple-reaction monitor (PMRM) strategy for exploring the comparative PKs of DZXW and its single herbs. METHODS First, precursor ion and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) chromatograms were obtained via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) under different collision energy (CE) values. Then, the two most abundance ions in the MS/MS chromatograms were chosen as product ions, and CE values were selected according to the abundance of the product ion peaks. Next, a PMRM strategy consisting of optimal MRM parameters was constructed. Finally, the established PMRM parameters were imported to UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole MS (UHPLC-TQ-MS) for quantification. RESULTS The strategy was exemplified by the comparative PK study of DZXW and its single herbs. This strategy could extend the PK scopes of multi-components. The quantitative results displayed substantial variations in PK parameters between DZXW and its single herbs. CONCLUSION The PK parameters indicated that the DZXW formula could increase the exposure levels of most ingredients and reduce the maximum concentration (Cmax ) of Radix Polygala, indicating that herb compatibility could produce synergistic effects and diminish possible toxic effects. This study provides a viable orientation for the compatibility investigation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang He
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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12
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Jiao Z, Zhao H, Huang W, Liang R, Liu Y, Li Z, Li L, Xu Y, Gao S, Gao S, Li Y, Yu C. An investigation of the antidepressant‐like effect of Jiaotaiwan in rats by nontargeted metabolomics based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:645-655. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Jiao
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ru Liang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yilan Xu
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Shuming Gao
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
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13
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Liu S, Pi Z, Liu Z, Song F, Liu S. Fecal metabolomics based on mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanism of qishen granules against isoproterenol‐induced chronic heart failure in rats. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4305-4313. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
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14
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Li X, Wang Y, Su M, Chu X, Li S, Yue Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Han F. Brain metabolomics study for the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on Alzheimer's disease by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3216-3223. [PMID: 32506776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on Alzheimer's disease, a brain metabolomics study in rats was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rat model was constructed by bilateral hippocampal injection of amyloid-β peptide and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of Rhodiola crenulata extract. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to discover potential biomarkers in rat brain and related metabolic pathways analysis was conducted to elucidate the action mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata extract. As a result, a total of 19 metabolites contributing to Alzheimer's disease progress were identified and nine of them were restored to the normal levels after drug administration. Pathway analysis revealed that the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract are related to the regulation of glutathione metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism in rat brain. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the developed metabolomics method is useful to investigate the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract against Alzheimer's disease. These outcomes may further provide reliable evidence to illuminate the intervention mechanism of other traditional Chinese medicines on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Su
- Dalian Customs District, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Shenyang Xingqi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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