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Shibukawa M, Onoyama Y, Handa-Tasaki Y, Saito S. Multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a hydrophilic polymer gel column for separation of rare earth elements. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464829. [PMID: 38522404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a column packed with a hydrophilic polymer gel (a cross-linked hydroxylated methacrylic polymer gel) was developed for separation of rare earth metal ions. Metal ions in a sample solution introduced to the column are chromatographically extracted into the stationary gel phase at the top of the column equilibrated with a basic solution used as the first mobile phase containing acetylacetone and 1,10-phenanthroline by synergistic extraction effect. After the sample solution is introduced, the mobile phases are delivered into the column by stepwise gradient elution in order of decreasing pH. Each metal ion is concentrated at a pH border formed between the zones of different pH in the column and moves toward the outlet of the column with the pH border. Mutual separation of La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III), Eu(III), Y(III), Tb(III), and Yb(III) was achieved by the present method for an 1-mL sample injection with the column of which the inner volume is 11.8 mL. The multistep pH-peak-focusing liquid chromatography with a hydrophilic polymer gel column developed in this study has great potential as a useful method for the separation of rare earth metal ions on a preparatory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Onoyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuiko Handa-Tasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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2
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Nunes AN, Ivasiv V, Gouveia LF, Fernández N, Oliveira J, Bronze MR, Matias AA. Isolation of bluish anthocyanin-derived pigments obtained from blueberry surplus using centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464150. [PMID: 37356363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of synthetic colorants with natural ones is a current marketing trend. Nevertheless, the naturally occurring blue color is rare compared to other colours. In this work, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) process was developed as a more efficient and sustainable alternative to reversed phase column chromatography (RP-CC) for the preparative-scale purification of portisins. The strategy began with the extraction of anthocyanins from blueberry surplus and hemi-synthesis of respective portisins. Then, the CPC method development started with the biphasic solvent system selection followed by the optimization of the operating parameters and ended up with a comparison with RP-CC. Aiming at maximizing the portisin content, process throughput, efficiency, and minimizing the environmental risk factor, the effect of sample load (100-500 mg/100 mL of column volume), mobile phase flow rate (10-20 mL/min), and rotation speed (1000-1600 rpm) was evaluated. The two-phase solvent system consisted of tert‑butyl‑methyl ether, n-butanol, acetonitrile, and water (volume ratio 2:2:1:5) acidified with 0.1 vol.% of HCl was selected. The best conditions were 464 mg of sample/100 mL of column volume, 20 mL/min of mobile phase flow rate, and 1600 rpm of rotation speed at reversed phase mode, allowing the purification of portisins by 5-fold. Compared to the RP-CC, the CPC process efficiency was 2.4 times higher, while the CPC process environmental risk factor was 5.5 times lower. Overall, this study suggests that CPC can be considered an effective, and sustainable alternative process for the preparative isolation of portisins. With this purification approach, the blueberry surplus has been valorized and a naturally derived product has been prepared, allowing its subsequent use as a natural blue colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Viktoriya Ivasiv
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís F Gouveia
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de investigação do medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Naiara Fernández
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; FFULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana A Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Lu F, Sun J, Jiang X, Yang X, Liu H, Yan X, Chen Y, Li DP. The generally useful estimate of solvent systems method facilitates off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography for isolating compositions from Siraitia grosvenorii roots. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200708. [PMID: 36494714 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solvent system selection is a crucial and the most time-consuming step for successful countercurrent chromatography separation. A thin-layer chromatography-based generally useful estimate of solvent systems method has been developed to simplify the solvent system selection. We herein utilized the method to select a solvent system for off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography to separate chemical compositions from a complex fraction of the Siraitia grosvenorii root extract. The first-dimensional countercurrent separation using chloroform/methanol/water (10:5.5:4.5, v/v/v) yielded four compounds with high purity and three mixture fractions (Fr I, III, and VII). The second-dimensional countercurrent separation conducted on Fr I, III, and VII using the hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (4:6:6:4, 3:7:3:7, v/v/v) and chloroform/methanol/water (10:9:6, v/v/v) solvent systems, respectively, produced another four compounds. Four triterpenoids and four lignans were finally isolated, including two novel compounds. Hence, the generally useful estimate of solvent systems method is a feasible and efficient approach for selecting an applicable solvent system for separating complex samples. In addition, the off-line two-dimensional countercurrent chromatography method can improve both the peak resolution and the capacity of countercurrent chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglai Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Xuerong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Yueyuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Dian-Peng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, P. R. China
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Jing JX, Sun X, Wang NL, Pei D, Di DL, Huang XY. Comprehensive separation of a wide variety of compounds from olive leaves by counter-current chromatography with three-phase solvent system. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1942-1951. [PMID: 35332676 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The three-phase solvent system counter-current chromatography has been of great research interest, because it can separate compounds with a wide range of polarity. The solvent system of n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water (5:5:7:5, v/v) was used for counter-current chromatographic comprehensive separation of olive leaves. The study adopted the normal elution mode. The middle phase and the lower phase (at a volume ratio of 7:3) were pumped into the column simultaneously, followed by eluting with the upper, middle and lower phases in sequence. The retention rate of the stationary phase measured by the experiment was 73.5%. The upper phase was used to eluted the nonpolar compounds, then the mobile phase was switched to the middle phase to elute the moderately hydrophobic compounds, finally, the polar compounds were eluted by the lower phase remaining in the chromatographic column. This method successfully separated eight compounds in one step within 270 minutes and five compounds were identified. The logP values of these five compounds were 7.44, 7.86, 4.16, -0.11, 0.96, respectively, covering a wide range of polarities. The present study demonstrated that the three-phase solvent has a strong extraction capacity for ingredients from extremely hydrophilic compounds to extremely hydrophobic compounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Nunes AN, Borges A, Matias AA, Bronze MR, Oliveira J. Alternative Extraction and Downstream Purification Processes for Anthocyanins. Molecules 2022; 27:368. [PMID: 35056685 PMCID: PMC8779312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments displaying different attractive colors ranging from red, violet, to blue. These pigments present health benefits that increased their use in food, nutraceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. However, anthocyanins are mainly extracted through conventional methods that are time-consuming and involve the use of organic solvents. Moreover, the chemical diversity of the obtained complex extracts make the downstream purification step challenging. Therefore, the growing demand of these high-value pigments has stimulated the interest in designing new, safe, cost-effective, and tunable strategies for their extraction and purification. The current review focuses on the potential application of compressed fluid-based (such as subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction) and deep eutectic solvents-based extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins. In addition, an updated review of the application of counter-current chromatography for anthocyanins purification is provided as a faster and cost-effective alternative to preparative-scale HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N. Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Borges
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana A. Matias
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.N.N.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iMed.Ulisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde—REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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6
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Li S, Li Y, Wang Y, Li R, Niu H, Liu C, Zhang Y. Ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with counter-current chromatography and semi-preparative-LC for the preparation of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from Pueraria thomsonii. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1116-1127. [PMID: 34967131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands for monoamine oxidase B. A new ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction method for medicinal herbs was also developed and validated. In addition, the hyphenated technique of counter-current chromatography and semi-preparative-LC was developed and applied to the isolation of the chemical constituents for Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Three potent monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, viz. daidzein-4',7-diglucoside (42.2 mg), puerarin 6''-O-xyloside (88.3 mg), and 3'-hydroxypuerarin (48.5 mg) with purities of 98.2%, 96.3%, and 97.1%, respectively, were obtained from 500 g of P. thomsonii raw material using semi-HPLC, whereas 3'-methoxypuerarin (76.2 mg), daidzein-8-C-apiosyl (1→6) glucoside (84.2 mg), and tectorigenin (75.1 mg) with purities of 98.5%, 96.4%, and 96.8%, respectively, were obtained from 500 g raw material via counter-current chromatography using a two-phase solvent system comprising n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at a volume ratio of 1.85:1.00:0.86:3.69 (v/v). Then, the anti-Alzheimer activity of the phytochemicals was assessed using a PC12 cell model. Treatment with tectorigenin, daidzein-4',7-diglucoside, puerarin 6''-O-xyloside, 3'-hydroxypuerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin, and daidzein-8-C-apiosyl (1→6) glucoside (100 μg/mL), resulted in cell viabilities of 69.00%, 65.81%, 59.69%, 57.90%, 55.61%, and 54.59%, respectively (P < 0.001). The protocol was proved to be very accurate and efficient. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Teacher development center, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Jiujiu Biotechnology Company, No.126 Xinfa Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Huazhou Niu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, P. R. China
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Sheng LQ, Ma JL. Preparative separation of two isomeric antimalaria alkaloids febrifugine and isofebrifugine from Dichroa febrifuga roots by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2153-2159. [PMID: 33811736 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two antimalaria alkaloids, febrifugine and isofebrifugine, were successfully separated from total alkaloids of Dichroa febrifuga roots by one-step preparative countercurrent chromatography with a selected biphasic solvent system. The selected biphasic solvent system was composed of chloroform: methanol: water (2:1:1, v/v) according to partition performance of the two target components. Selection of biphasic solvent system was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography combined with high performance thin layer chromatography, which greatly assisted the screening procedure for biphasic solvent system. Totally, 50 mg of total alkaloid was separated by one-step preparative countercurrent chromatography, yielding 12 mg of febrifugine and 9 mg of isofebrifugine with more than 98.0% purity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qing Sheng
- Pharmaceutical College, Jinhua Polytechnic Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lei Ma
- Pharmaceutical College, Jinhua Polytechnic Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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