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Fu Q, Dong W, Ge D, Ke Y, Jin Y. Supercritical fluid-based method for selective extraction and analysis of indole alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464410. [PMID: 37776825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of an approach based on simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction-sample cleanup, followed by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS/MS) was as a tool for the extraction, separation and characterization of indole alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla. A two-step SFE method was designed. A mixture of the U. rhynchophylla sample and an adsorbent named C18SCX with the ratio of 1:1 (w/w) was placed into an extraction cell. The extraction temperature was 40 °C and the pressure was 25 Mpa. In the first step, 10 % EtOH as the co-solvent was used to extract for 60 min, which was considered as a cleanup process to remove non-alkaloid components. In the second step, 0.1 % DEA was added to 10 % EtOH and it extracted for 60 min to obtain the desired extract. By introducing an additional adsorbent, the specificity of SFE towards alkaloids was greatly improved. An SFC-MS/MS method was then utilized for analysis of the SFE extract. Using 2-EP as stationary phase with the gradient elution of 0-10 min, 5-25 % EtOH (+0.05 % DEA) in CO2, column temperature 40 °C, and back pressure 13.8 Mpa, 10 peaks were separated within 8 min. Further MS/MS analysis confirmed that nine of the 10 peaks in the SFE extract were indole alkaloids. This study developed a supercritical fluid-based method specifically towards extraction and analysis of alkaloids, which is helpful to the study of alkaline compounds in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenwen Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dandan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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2
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Kozlov O, Horáková E, Rademacherová S, Maliňák D, Andrýs R, Prchalová E, Lísa M. Direct Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Monoacylglycerol and Diacylglycerol Isomers for the Study of Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5109-5116. [PMID: 36893116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast and selective separation method of intact monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG) isomers using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) was developed and employed to study lipase selectivity in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TGs). The synthesis of 28 enantiomerically pure MG and DG isomers was performed in the first stage using the most commonly occurring fatty acids in biological samples such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. To develop the SFC separation method, different chromatographic conditions such as column chemistry, mobile phase composition and gradient, flow rate, backpressure, and temperature were carefully assessed. Our SFC-MS method used a chiral column based on a tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivative of amylose and neat methanol as a mobile phase modifier, which provides baseline separation of all the tested enantiomers in 5 min. This method was used to evaluate hydrolysis selectivity of lipases from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) using nine TGs differing in acyl chain length (14-22 carbon atoms) and number of double bonds (0-6) and three DG regioisomer/enantiomers as hydrolysis intermediate products. PFL exhibited preference of the fatty acyl hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of TG more pronounced for the substrates with long polyunsaturated acyls, while PPL did not show considerable stereoselectivity to TGs. Conversely, PPL preferred hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of prochiral sn-1,3-DG regioisomer, whereas PFL exhibited no preference. Both lipases showed selectivity for the hydrolysis of outer positions of DG enantiomers. The results show complex reaction kinetics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis given by different stereoselectivities for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Horáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sára Rademacherová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dávid Maliňák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrýs
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Prchalová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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3
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Zhang R, Chen B, Zhang H, Tu L, Luan T. Stable isotope-based metabolic flux analysis: A robust tool for revealing toxicity pathways of emerging contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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4
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Neumann J, Schmidtsdorff S, Schmidt AH, Parr MK. Application of Sub‐/Supercritical fluid chromatography for the fingerprinting of a complex therapeutic peptide. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3095-3104. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Neumann
- Chromicent GmbH Johann‐Hittorf‐Str. 8 12489 Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Königin‐Luise‐Str. 2+4 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidtsdorff
- Chromicent GmbH Johann‐Hittorf‐Str. 8 12489 Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Königin‐Luise‐Str. 2+4 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Maria K. Parr
- Freie Universität Berlin Königin‐Luise‐Str. 2+4 14195 Berlin Germany
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Plachká K, Gazárková T, Škop J, Guillarme D, Svec F, Nováková L. Fast Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Interfacing Using Prediction Equations. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4841-4849. [PMID: 35274936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of makeup solvent composition in ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization was studied using a set of 91 compounds, 3 stationary phases, and 2 organic modifiers of the mobile phase. The 24 tested makeup solvents included pure alcohols and methanol in combination with commonly used additives such as water, formic and acetic acid, ammonia, and ammonia salts with varying molarity. The behavioral trends for different makeup solvent additives were established in the first step. Subsequently, the correlations between physicochemical properties and the MS responses were calculated using the Pearson correlation test and matrix plots. The regression analysis was performed using five descriptors: molecular weight, pKa, log P, number of hydrogen donors/acceptors, and the MS responses obtained with methanol as the makeup solvent. The resulting regression equations had a high prediction rate calculated as R2-predicted coefficient, especially when 10 mmol/L ammonium in methanol was used as an organic modifier of the mobile phase in positive mode. The trueness of these equations was tested via the comparison between experimental and predicted responses expressed as R2. Values of R2 > 0.8 were found for 88% of the proposed equations. Thus, the MS response could be measured using only one makeup solvent and the responses of other makeup solvents could be easily estimated. The suitability and applicability of determined regression equations was confirmed by the analysis of 13 blind probes, i.e., compounds not included in the original set of analytes. Moreover, the predicted and experimental responses followed the same increasing/decreasing trend enabling one to predict makeup solvent compositions leading to the highest sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tat'ána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Sakurai N. Recent applications of metabolomics in plant breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:56-65. [PMID: 36045891 PMCID: PMC8987846 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the 'omes' in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Sakurai
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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7
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Parr MK, Botrè F. Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry as an emerging technique in doping control analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu X, Li Y, Zhang T. Supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry employed with evaporation-free liquid-liquid extraction for the rapid analysis of cinnarizine in rat plasma. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:968-975. [PMID: 34889052 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cinnarizine is a weak base, which can produce supersaturation and precipitation during gastrointestinal transit, affecting its absorption in vivo. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine can be improved after co-administration with precipitation inhibitors or not. In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of cinnarizine in rats, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was established and validated. In this method, flunarizine, a structural analogue of cinnarizine, was selected as the internal standard, and cinnarizine was extracted from rat plasma using evaporation-free liquid-liquid extraction method. The analytes were separated on a Torus 1-AA column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) within 2.0 min, using a gradient elution procedure. The transitions of cinnarizine and flunarizine were m/z 369.1 → 167.1 and m/z 405.1 → 203.1, respectively. Cinnarizine showed good linear correlation in the range of 1-500 ng/ml with a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/ml. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy of all quality control samples were within ±15%. This high-throughput, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible method has been successfully applied to study the effects of the precipitation inhibitor cinnarizine on the pharmacokinetics in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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9
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Chen L, Dean B, Liang X. A technical overview of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) and its recent applications in pharmaceutical research and development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 40:69-75. [PMID: 34916026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the growing development and applications of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) for the analysis of small molecular analytes and biomarkers in drug discovery. As an alternative chromatographic technique, SFC instrumentation and methodology have dramatically advanced over the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) provides the powerful detection capability as it couples with SFC. A growing number of SFC-MS/MS applications were reported over the last decade and the application areas of SFC-MS/MS is rapidly expanding. The first part of this review is devoted to the different aspects of SFC-MS development and recent technological advancements. In the second part of this review, we highlight the recent application areas in pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chen
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Yamamoto K, Machida K, Kotani A, Hakamata H. Emerging Separation Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:970-975. [PMID: 34602578 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has unique separative characteristics distinguished from those of HPLC and gas chromatography. At present, SFC is widely used and there are many applications in various biological, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we focus on recently developed novel techniques related to SFC separation including: new column stationary phases, microfluidics, two-dimensional separation, and gas-liquid separation. In addition, we discuss the application of SFC using a water-containing modifier to biological molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and small proteins that had been challenging analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Koichi Machida
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hideki Hakamata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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11
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Folprechtová D, Tesařová E, Kalíková K. The effect of tandem coupling of NicoShell and TeicoShell columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography on enantioresolution. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4048-4057. [PMID: 34490981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography presents a great opportunity for influencing the separation efficiency and extending the selectivity of the separation system. Combinations of different types of chiral stationary phases could positively affect the enantioresolution if single ones are complementary to each other. In this work, two superficially porous particle (2.7 μm) macrocyclic glycopeptide-based columns, namely TeicoShell and NicoShell, were serially coupled and tested in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography for the first time. The influence of the column arrangement on the enantioseparation of structurally diverse biologically active compounds was examined. The obtained results showed how the column order crucially affected the enantioresolution of compounds tested, but the retention was negligibly affected in most cases. We also demonstrated that single TeicoShell and NicoShell columns are very promising towards the development of highly efficient and fast/ultrafast sub/supercritical fluid chromatography methods for structurally different chiral compounds. The optimized methods for sub-minute enantioselective separation of certain biologically important compounds were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Dai Z, Jiang D, Dai Y, Han R, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Separation and characterization of phenylamides from Piper kadsura using preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3530-3539. [PMID: 34342132 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A preparative supercritical fluid chromatography method for the separation of Piper kadsura obtained five phenylamide compounds, which had the same structural skeleton, but changed in the number and position of methoxyl substituents. To improve the separation selectivity of these structural analogues, silica, phenyl, and chiral stationary phases were screened. Only through the combination of Chiral C and phenyl columns could the separation of the five phenylamides be solved. The two-step strategy using preparative supercritical fluid chromatography presented good orthogonality that ensured the purity of the phenylamides. Then, an ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography hyphened tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, and the fragmentation pattern of phenylamides was summarized. It mainly cleaved in the amide bond to produce the fragment ion, which could help to judge the substituent positions. Twenty-eight possible molecular weights of hydroxyl and methoxyl substituted phenylamides were calculated and screened. Nine compounds were extracted in three [M + H]+ ions at m/z 284.13, 314.13, and 344.13, including five purified compounds and the other four positional or trans-cis phenylamide isomers in low content. The methods developed in this research were useful in the separation and characterization of phenylamide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoshun Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dasen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Han
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Key Lab of Natural Medicine, Liaoning Province, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China
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13
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Lísa M, Řehulková H, Hančová E, Řehulka P. Lipidomic analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography microgradient fractionation of total lipid extracts. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462380. [PMID: 34348208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomic samples are complex mixtures of structurally different species of a wide range of concentrations providing challenges in their characterization. In this work, we present a proof of concept for the application of a simple microgradient liquid chromatography device on the detailed analysis of lipid classes. Our lipidomic analysis is based on a lipid class microgradient fractionation of a total lipid extract using an in-house-prepared hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography microcolumn followed by RP-LC/MS of the collected lipid class fractions. The final fractionation method uses a 40-mm-long microcolumn of 500 μm ID with silica stationary phase obtained from a commercially available chromatographic column and the microgradient of the mobile phase prepared in a microsyringe using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) - methanol - water - ammonium acetate mixtures of various elution strengths. MTBE total lipid extract is directly separated by microgradient elution into lipid classes according to their polarity, which enables the collection of isolated fractions of most lipid classes. The method has been applied to the fractionation of porcine brain extract into nonpolar lipids, hexosylceramides, phosphoethanolamines, phosphocholines, sphingomyelins, and lysophosphocholines classes. Achieved repeatability, recovery, and advanced lipid coverage prove the applicability of the microgradient fractionation of total lipid extract for the comprehensive lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Lísa
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Řehulková
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Hančová
- University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řehulka
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Trebešská 1575, 50001 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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