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Sun Y, Ding Y, Liu B, Guo J, Su Y, Yang X, Man C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Recent advances in the bovine β-casein gene mutants on functional characteristics and nutritional health of dairy products: Status, challenges, and prospects. Food Chem 2024; 443:138510. [PMID: 38281416 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
β-casein is the second most abundant form of casein in milk. Changes in amino acid sequence at specific positions in the primary structure of β-casein in milk will produce gene mutations that affect the physicochemical properties of dairy products and the hydrolysis site of digestive enzymes. The screening method of β-casein allele frequency detection in dairy products also has attracted the extensive attention of scientists and farmers. The A1 and A2 β-casein is the two usual mutation types, distinguished by histidine and proline at position 67 in the peptide chain. This paper summarizes the effects of A1 and A2 β-casein on the physicochemical properties of dairy products and evaluates the effects on human health, and the genotyping methods were also concluded. Impressively, this review presents possible future opportunities and challenges for the promising field of A2 β-casein, providing a valuable reference for the development of the functional dairy market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Biqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Su
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China.
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Li Y, Guo H, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang P, Song J, Wang L, Zhang W, Wen P. Pseudo-targeted lipidomics insights into lipid discrepancies between yak colostrum and mature milk based on UHPLC-Qtrap-MS. Food Chem 2024; 442:138462. [PMID: 38245985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Yak milk is essential to maintain the normal physiological functions of herders in Tibetan areas of China. However, the lipid components of yak colostrum (YC) and mature milk (YM) have not been systematically studied. We employed a quantitative lipidomics to comprehensively describe the alterations in the milk lipid profile of lactating yaks. Herein, totally 851 lipids from 28 lipid subclasses in YC and YM were identified and screened for 43 significantly different lipids (SDLs; variable importance in projection > 1, fold change < 0.5 or > 2 with P < 0.05), with cholesterol ester (CE, 16:0) and triacylglycerol (TAG, 54:6 (20:5), 50:1 (16:0), 56:6 (20:5)) were the potential lipid biomarkers. Fourteen SDLs were modulated downwards, and 29 SDLs were modulated upwards in YM. Moreover, by analyzing lipid metabolic pathways in these SDLs, glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most critical. Our results furnish integral lipid details for evaluating yak milk's nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Gansu Institute of Business and Technology, Lanzhou 730010, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Longlin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Li A, Liu C, Han X, Zheng J, Zhang G, Qi X, Du P, Liu L. Tibetan Plateau yak milk: A comprehensive review of nutritional values, health benefits, and processing technology. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100919. [PMID: 38144800 PMCID: PMC10739763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak milk is a characteristic animal product of yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Although yak milk production is low, it is richer in nutrients such as protein, fat, and lactose, a more comprehensive range of bioactive components, and unique microbial resources than Holstein cow milk. The plateau environment makes yak milk resistant to hypoxia, anti-fatigue, antioxidant, antibacterial, and relieves chronic diseases. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis of yak milk research results in the past 20 years using CiteSpace 6.1.R2, we reviewed yak lactation performance and nutritional efficacy of yak milk. This paper summarizes the improvement of traditional yak dairy processing technology, and also focuses on the microbial diversity of yak milk sources and their beneficial effects. The purpose of this review is to provide scientific support for the development of a quality yak milk industry on the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Yang X, Gao S, Luo W, Fu W, Xiong Y, Li J, Lan D, Yin S. Dynamic transcriptome analysis of Maiwa yak corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4569-4579. [PMID: 36752221 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Maiwa yak is a special breed of animal living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which has great economic value, but its fertility rate is low. The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary tissue that plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological cycle. However, little is known about the transcriptome profile in Maiwa yak CL. In the present study, the transcriptome of Maiwa yak CL at early (EYCL), middle (MYCL) and late-stages (LYCL) was studied employing high-throughput sequencing. A total of 25,922 transcripts were identified, including 22,277 known as well as 3,645 novel ones. Furthermore, 690 and 212 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were detected in the EYCL vs. MYCL and MYCL vs. LYCL groups, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs illustrated that the most enriched pathway was PI3K-Akt pathway. Furthermore, twenty-six DEGs were totally found to be associated with different biological processes of CL development. One of these genes, PGRMC1, displayed a dynamical expression trend during the lifespan of yak CL. The knockdown of PGRMC1 in luteinized yak granulosa cells resulted in defective steroidogenesis. In conclusion, this study analyzed the transcriptome profiles in yak CL of different stages, and provided a novel database for analyzing the gene network in yak CL.HIGHLIGHTSThe manuscript analyzed the transcriptome profiles in yak CL during the estrous cycle.Twenty-six DEGs were found to be associated with the development or function of CL.One of the DEGs, PGRMC1, was found to be responsible for steroidogenesis in luteinized yak granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daoliang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modem Technology (Southwest Minzu University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Singh TP, Arora S, Sarkar M. Yak milk and milk products: functional, bioactive constituents and therapeutic potential. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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