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Li Y, Tang X, Li Y, Zhao W, Guo S, Bo C. Preparation and chromatographic evaluation of a mixed polymer brush-silica stationary phase with temperature-sensitive property. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6571-6582. [PMID: 38009320 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a developed chromatographic stationary phase combines the high selectivity of mixed-mode retention with a temperature-responsive property to boost separation efficiency. Copolymer brushes were grafted onto silica gels through surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization by polymerizing two types of monomer, temperature-responsive vinylcaprolactam (VCl) and quinine (Qun) containing benzopyridine, a tertiary ammonium positive center, and hydroxyl groups. The obtained silica@poly(Qun-co-VCl) stationary phases were packed as a chromatographic column, and the retention behavior of hydrophobic polycyclic aromatics, highly polar nucleosides, charged organic acids and β-agonists was studied for this column under different separation modes. The ability to separate different types of analyte shows that the silica@poly(Qun-co-VCl) column provides multiple hydrophobic, hydrophilic and electrostatic interactions toward analytes, achieving the separation of various compounds in one column. In addition, temperature-dependent resolution of polycyclic aromatics, nucleosides, organic acids and β-agonists was investigated using modulation of the column temperature, and the column exhibited adjustable separation selectivity by simply changing the column temperature. These results demonstrate that the grafting of copolymer brushes on a silica surface, consisting of temperature-responsive poly-VCl and multifunctional groups of poly-Qun, is useful as a mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase for thermally-modulated multiple interactions. Additionally, this column was also used for the quantitative detection of uridine and inosine from cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Xiaofan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Yinhai Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Weilong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Shengwei Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Sun HF, Cui YY, Li HL, Yang CX. Click postsynthesis of microporous organic network@silica composites for reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04680-0. [PMID: 37017725 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the good physical and chemical properties, well-defined pore architectures, and designable topologies have made microporous organic networks (MONs) excellent potential candidates in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, their superior hydrophobic structures restrict their application in the reversed-phase mode. To solve this obstacle and to expand the application of MONs in HPLC, we realized the thiol-yne "click" postsynthesis of a novel hydrophilic MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER (MER denotes mercaptosuccinic acid) microsphere for reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography. SiO2 was initially decorated with MON-2COOH using 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane as monomers, and MER was then grafted via thiol-yne click reaction to yield MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER microspheres (5 μm) with a pore size of ~1.3 nm. The -COOH groups in 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid and the post-modified MER molecules considerably improved the hydrophilicity of pristine MON and enhanced the hydrophilic interactions between the stationary phase and analytes. The retention mechanisms of the MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER packed column were fully discussed with diverse hydrophobic and hydrophilic probes. Benefiting from the numerous -COOH recognition sites and benzene rings within MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER, the packed column exhibited good resolution for the separation of sulfonamides, deoxynucleosides, alkaloids, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A column efficiency of 27,556 plates per meter was obtained for the separation of gastrodin. The separation performance of the MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER packed column was also demonstrated by comparing with those of MON-2COOH@SiO2, commercial C18, ZIC-HILIC, and bare SiO2 columns. This work highlights the good potential of the thiol-yne click postsynthesis strategy to construct MON-based stationary phases for mixed-mode chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fei Sun
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Ingenious introduction of aminopropylimidazole to tune the hydrophobic selectivity of dodecyl-bonded stationary phase for environmental organic pollutants. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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KISHIKAWA N, NUMATA S, UMENO T, EL-MAGHRABEY M, OHYAMA K, TANAKA M, KURODA N. Preparation and Characterization of HPLC Stationary Phases Modified with Peptide Containing Unnatural Amino Acid. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho NUMATA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Tomohiro UMENO
- Current affiliation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Kaname OHYAMA
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | | | - Naotaka KURODA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Recent Developments of Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases for Compound Separation: From Proteins to Small Organic Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030907. [PMID: 35164170 PMCID: PMC8840574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound separation plays a key role in producing and analyzing chemical compounds. Various methods are offered to obtain high-quality separation results. Liquid chromatography is one of the most common tools used in compound separation across length scales, from larger biomacromolecules to smaller organic compounds. Liquid chromatography also allows ease of modification, the ability to combine compatible mobile and stationary phases, the ability to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the ability to concentrate samples. Notably, the main feature of a liquid chromatography setup is the stationary phase. The stationary phase directly interacts with the samples via various basic mode of interactions based on affinity, size, and electrostatic interactions. Different interactions between compounds and the stationary phase will eventually result in compound separation. Recent years have witnessed the development of stationary phases to increase binding selectivity, tunability, and reusability. To demonstrate the use of liquid chromatography across length scales of target molecules, this review discusses the recent development of stationary phases for separating macromolecule proteins and small organic compounds, such as small chiral molecules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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