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Li J, Hu W, Liu M, Tian Y, He M, Liu H. Simultaneous determination of folic acid photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300763. [PMID: 38576331 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is easily photodegraded to yield 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, which can generate reactive oxygen species and result in the formation of oxidized guanine derivatives such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxy-guanosine. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry strategy for the simultaneous determination of FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 5.0 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Plasma samples were first pretreated with 1% formic acid, followed by protein precipitation with methanol. The developed method showed good linear relationships between 1 and 2000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precisions ranged from 2.6% to 7.5% and from 2.5% to 6.5%, respectively. Recoveries of the analytes were between 75.4% and 112.4% with the relative standard deviation < 9.1%. Finally, the method was applied to quantify FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in rats with light and non-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Manni He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Thawabteh AM, Naseef HA, Karaman D, Bufo SA, Scrano L, Karaman R. Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:582. [PMID: 37756009 PMCID: PMC10535532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol. Micro-, nano- and ultrafiltration techniques could be used for the removal of internal and extracellular cyanotoxins, in addition to powdered or granular activated carbon, ozonation, sedimentation, ultraviolet radiation, potassium permanganate, free chlorine, and pre-treatment oxidation techniques. The efficiency of treatment techniques for removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins is also demonstrated. These approaches aim to lessen the risks of cyanobacterial blooms and associated toxins. Effective management of cyanobacteria in water systems depends on early detection and quick action. Cyanobacteria cells and their toxins can be detected using microscopy, molecular methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Understanding the causes of blooms and the many ways for their detection and elimination will help the management of this crucial environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmood Thawabteh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
- General Safety Section, General Services Department, Birzeit University, Bir Zeit 71939, Palestine
| | - Hani A Naseef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Donia Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
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Chu M, Qin Y, Lin X, Ma L, Deng D, Lv D, Fu P, Lin H. A Preliminary Survey of Transfer RNA Modifications and Modifying Enzymes of the Tropical Plant Cocos nucifera L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1287. [PMID: 37372467 PMCID: PMC10298058 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a commercial crop widely distributed among coastal tropical regions. It provides millions of farmers with food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine, and building materials. Among these, oil and palm sugar are representative extracts. However, this unique living species of Cocos has only been preliminarily studied at molecular levels. Benefiting from the genomic sequence data published in 2017 and 2021, we investigated the transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications and modifying enzymes of the coconut in this survey. An extraction method for the tRNA pool from coconut flesh was built. In total, 33 species of modified nucleosides and 66 homologous genes of modifying enzymes were confirmed using a nucleoside analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) and homologous protein sequence alignment. The positions of tRNA modifications, including pseudouridines, were preliminarily mapped using a oligonucleotide analysis, and the features of their modifying enzymes were summarized. Interestingly, we found that the gene encoding the modifying enzyme of 2'-O-ribosyladenosine at the 64th position of tRNA (Ar(p)64) was uniquely overexpressed under high-salinity stress. In contrast, most other tRNA-modifying enzymes were downregulated with mining transcriptomic sequencing data. According to previous physiological studies of Ar(p)64, the coconut appears to enhance the quality control of the translation process when subjected to high-salinity stress. We hope this survey can help advance research on tRNA modification and scientific studies of the coconut, as well as thinking of the safety and nutritional value of naturally modified nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yichao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiuying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dehai Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Potential Misidentification of Natural Isomers and Mass-Analogs of Modified Nucleosides by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050878. [PMID: 35627263 PMCID: PMC9140458 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-TQ-MS) can detect and quantify modified nucleosides present in various types of RNA, and is being used increasingly in epitranscriptomics. However, due to the low resolution of TQ-MS and the structural complexity of the many naturally modified nucleosides identified to date (>160), the discrimination of isomers and mass-analogs can be problematic and is often overlooked. This study analyzes 17 nucleoside standards by LC-TQ-MS with separation on three different analytical columns and discusses, with examples, three major causes of analyte misidentification: structural isomers, mass-analogs, and isotopic crosstalk. It is hoped that this overview and practical examples will help to strengthen the accuracy of the identification of modified nucleosides by LC-TQ-MS.
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