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Aiello F, Balzano F, Uccello Barretta G, D'Acquarica I, Mazzoccanti G, Agranat I. Chiral distinction between hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the forward receptor of SARS-CoV-2. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115770. [PMID: 37879140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Soon after the outset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March-April 2020), formulations of the old antimalarial racemic drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sulfate were authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A call for the chiral switch of HCQ to the single enantiomer (S)-(+)-HCQ for treating the disease followed. The above authorizations were later withdrawn. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been recognized to be the forward receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chiral distinction in the potential preferential binding of the HCQ enantiomers to ACE2, as a basis for its future drug repurposing, using high-field solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Proton selective spin-lattice relaxation rates were measured for selected diagnostic nuclei; in particular, protons belonging to the quinoline ring proved to be the most affected by the presence of the protein, for both (S)-(+)-HCQ and (R)-(-)-HCQ enantiomers. An increase in mono-selective relaxation rates was observed for both enantiomers. A significant difference in the magnitude of the increase was detected for all protons investigated, up to a 5-fold and an 8-fold increase in the case of (R)-(-)-HCQ and (S)-(+)-HCQ, respectively. Furthermore, comparison between the normalized mono-selective relaxation rates of the two HCQ enantiomers in their binary mixtures with ACE2 pointed out a certain preference for the (S)-(+)-HCQ enantiomer over (R)-(-)-HCQ in the interaction with ACE2. The findings form the basis for a future application of the drug repurposing/chiral-switch combination strategy to racemic HCQ in previously reported indications for hydroxychloroquine treatment and in the search for new indications in which ACE2 receptors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aiello
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Balzano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Uccello Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Israel Agranat
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Singh M, Lo SH, Dubey R, Kumar S, Chaubey KK, Kumar S. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds as an Emerging Antiviral in Combating COVID-19. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:429-446. [PMID: 38031604 PMCID: PMC10682353 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human virus that burst at Wuhan in China and spread quickly over the world, leading to millions of deaths globally. The journey of this deadly virus to different mutant strains is still ongoing. The plethora of drugs and vaccines have been tested to cope up this pandemic. The herbal plants and different spices have received great attention during pandemic, because of their anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in treating viruses and their symptoms. Also, it has been shown that nano-formulation of phytochemicals has potential therapeutic effect against COVID-19. Furthermore, the plant derived compound nano-formulation specifically increases its antiviral property by enhancing its bioavailability, solubility, and target-specific delivery system. This review highlights the potentiality of herbal plants and their phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different mechanisms such as blocking the ACE-2 receptors, inhibiting the main proteases, binding spike proteins and reducing the cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP 281406 India
| | - Shih-Hsiu Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Sudhashekhar Kumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, UP 281401 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
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Janicki PK, Singh A, Sharma AK, Ruiz‐Velasco V. Dissimilar effects of stereoisomers and racemic hydroxychloroquine on Ca 2+ oscillations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15760. [PMID: 37474273 PMCID: PMC10359155 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All currently employed pharmaceutical formulations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) sulfate are a racemate, consisting of equal parts mixture of two stereoisomers: R(-)HCQ and S(+)HCQ sulfates. The aims of the current study were first, to obtain and characterize pure HCQ enantiomers. The separation and purification of free base HCQ enantiomers from the racemate form were performed using semi-preparative chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Second, we compared the pharmacological properties of both optical isomers and racemic mixture on the intracellular Ca2+ oscillations employing an in vitro model of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The results of the pharmacological investigations indicate that the racemic and pure stereoisomer forms of HCQ sulfate exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (as measured from their frequency and Ca2+ peak widths) in cardiomyocytes 5-45 min following exposure. In addition, the concentration-response relationships for all three compounds indicated that the rank order of potency (IC50 ) was R(-)HCQ >racemic HCQ >S(+)HCQ for the frequency of the Ca2+ oscillations and width of Ca2+ peaks for all time points examined. These studies indicate that both R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers exhibit differing pharmacological actions on hiPSC cardiomyocytes, with the former effecting a greater potency on cell Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K. Janicki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor Ruiz‐Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicinePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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Wang H, Jia Q, Feng J, Miao C, Ding Y, Liu S, Feng C, Lv Y, Huang J, Han S. Establishment of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and cluster of differentiation 147 dual target cell membrane chromatography based on SNAP-tag technology for screening anti severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 active components. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463903. [PMID: 36870232 PMCID: PMC9968450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients have different responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and these may be life-threatening for critically ill patients. Screening components that act on host cell receptors, especially multi-receptor components, is challenging. The in-line combination of dual-targeted cell membrane chromatography and a liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) system for analyzing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) receptors based on SNAP-tag technology provides a comprehensive solution for screening multiple components in complex samples acting on the two receptors. The selectivity and applicability of the system were validated with encouraging results. Under the optimized conditions, this method was used to screen for antiviral components in Citrus aurantium extracts. The results showed that 25 µmol /L of the active ingredient could inhibit virus entry into cells. Hesperidin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin were identified as antiviral components. In vitro pseudovirus assays and macromolecular cell membrane chromatography further verified the interaction of these four components with host-virus receptors, showing good effects on some or all of the pseudoviruses and host receptors. In conclusion, the in-line dual-targeted cell membrane chromatography LC-MS system developed in this study can be used for the comprehensive screening of antiviral components in complex samples. It also provides new insight into small-molecule drug-receptor and macromolecular-protein-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Jingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Chenyang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Chaohua Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555# Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China.
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Fu J, Jia Q, Liang P, Wang S, Zhou H, Zhang L, Wang H, Gao C, Lv Y, Han S, He L. Enhanced stability designs of cell membrane chromatography for screening drug leads. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2498-2507. [PMID: 35561141 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane chromatography is an effective method for screening bioactive components acting on specific receptors in complex systems, which maintains the biological activity of the membrane receptors and improves screening efficiency. However, traditional cell membrane chromatography suffers from poor stability, resulting in a limited life span and low reproducibility, greatly limiting the application of this method. To address this problem, cyanuric chloride-decorated silica gel was used for the covalent immobilization of the cell membranes. Cyanuric chloride reacts with amino groups on the cell membranes and membrane receptors to form covalent bonds. In this way, the cell membranes are not easy to fall off. The column life of the cyanuric chloride-decorated epidermal growth factor receptor/cell membrane chromatography column was extended to more than 8 days, whereas the column life of the normal cell membrane chromatography column dropped sharply in the first 3 days. A cyanuric chloride-decorated epidermal growth factor receptor/cell membrane chromatography online HPLC-IT-TOF-MSn system was applied for screening drug leads from Trifolium pratense L.. One potential drug lead, formononetin, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor, was screened. Our strategy of covalently immobilizing cell membrane receptors also improved the stability of cell membrane chromatography. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peida Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunlei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou) Implement Planning, No.70 Yuean Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510289, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou) Implement Planning, No.70 Yuean Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510289, China
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6
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Zeng N, Chen X, Liu Z. Natural Products and Nanotechnology Against Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Chem 2022; 10:819969. [PMID: 35223771 PMCID: PMC8866311 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.819969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new and severe infectious disease and new global disaster and is spreading rapidly worldwide. Natural products have a long history and have been widely used to treat various acute, chronic, and even life-threatening diseases worldwide. However, the natural products have reduced bioavailability and availability as they have poor kinetic properties, such as large molecular weight, inability to cross lipid membranes, and weak absorption ability. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, using novel nanotechnology in conjunction with natural products can effectively eliminate the molecular restriction of the entry of nanoproducts into the body and can be used to diagnose and treat various diseases, including COVID-19, bringing new strategies and directions for medicine. This article reviews the role and implementation of natural products against COVID-19 based on nanotechnology.
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