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Jin CG, Zhang WH, Tian N, Wu B, Yin MJ, An QF. Fabrication of Coffee-Ring Nanostructured Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405891. [PMID: 38769062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) plays important roles in pharmaceutical ingredients purification and solvent recovery. However, the low organic solvent permeance under cross-flow operation of OSN membrane hampers their industrial applications. Herein, we report the construction of coffee-ring structured membrane featuring high OSN permeance. A water-insoluble crystal monomer that dissolved in EtOH/H2O mixed solvent was designed to react with trimesoyl chloride via interfacial polymerization. Owing to the diffusion of EtOH to n-hexane, coffee-ring nanostructure on the support membrane appeared, which served as the template for construction of coffee-ring structured membrane. The optimal nanostructured membrane demonstrated 2.6-fold enhancement in the effective surface area with reduced membrane thickness. Resultantly, the membrane afforded a 2.7-fold enhancement in organic solvent permeance, e.g., ~13 LMH/bar for MeOH, without sacrificing the rejection ability. Moreover, due to the rigid monomer structure, the fabricated membrane shows distinctive running stability in active pharmaceutical ingredients purification and the ability for concentration of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wen-Hai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Na Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ming-Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Quan-Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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2
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Reddy DJ, Guntuku G, Palla MS. Advancements in nanobody generation: Integrating conventional, in silico, and machine learning approaches. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39054738 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanobodies, derived from camelids and sharks, offer compact, single-variable heavy-chain antibodies with diverse biomedical potential. This review explores their generation methods, including display techniques on phages, yeast, or bacteria, and computational methodologies. Integrating experimental and computational approaches enhances understanding of nanobody structure and function. Future trends involve leveraging next-generation sequencing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence for efficient candidate selection and predictive modeling. The convergence of traditional and computational methods promises revolutionary advancements in precision biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and diagnostics. Embracing these technologies accelerates nanobody development, driving transformative breakthroughs in biomedicine and paving the way for precision medicine and biomedical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jagadeeswara Reddy
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Girijasankar Guntuku
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division, A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Mary Sulakshana Palla
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, India
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3
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Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Homogeneous multi-payload antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:854-870. [PMID: 38760431 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Many systemic cancer chemotherapies comprise a combination of drugs, yet all clinically used antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) contain a single-drug payload. These combination regimens improve treatment outcomes by producing synergistic anticancer effects and slowing the development of drug-resistant cell populations. In an attempt to replicate these regimens and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy, the field of ADCs has moved towards developing techniques that allow for multiple unique payloads to be attached to a single antibody molecule with high homogeneity. However, the methods for generating such constructs-homogeneous multi-payload ADCs-are both numerous and complex owing to the plethora of reactive functional groups that make up the surface of an antibody. Here, by summarizing and comparing the methods of both single- and multi-payload ADC generation and their key preclinical and clinical results, we provide a timely overview of this relatively new area of research. The methods discussed range from branched linker installation to the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, with a generalized comparison tool of the most promising modification strategies also provided. Finally, the successes and challenges of this rapidly growing field are critically evaluated, and from this, future areas of research and development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Journeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Li M, Zhao X, Yu C, Wang L. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Overview: a State-of-the-art Manufacturing Process and Control Strategy. Pharm Res 2024; 41:419-440. [PMID: 38366236 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, linker, and drug, which direct their highly potent small molecule drugs to target tumor cells via specific binding between the antibody and surface antigens. The antibody, linker, and drug should be properly designed or selected to achieve the desired efficacy while minimizing off-target toxicity. With a unique and complex structure, there is inherent heterogeneity introduced by product-related variations and the manufacturing process. Here this review primarily covers recent key advances in ADC history, clinical development status, molecule design, manufacturing processes, and quality control. The manufacturing process, especially the conjugation process, should be carefully developed, characterized, validated, and controlled throughout its lifecycle. Quality control is another key element to ensure product quality and patient safety. A patient-centric strategy has been well recognized and adopted by the pharmaceutical industry for therapeutic proteins, and has been successfully implemented for ADCs as well, to ensure that ADC products maintain their quality until the end of their shelf life. Deep product understanding and process knowledge defines attribute testing strategies (ATS). Quality by design (QbD) is a powerful approach for process and product development, and for defining an overall control strategy. Finally, we summarize the current challenges on ADC development and provide some perspectives that may help to give related directions and trigger more cross-functional research to surmount those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Mazzaferro L, Lounder SJ, Asatekin A. Amphiphilic Polyampholytes for Fouling-Resistant and Easily Tunable Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42557-42567. [PMID: 37656014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of membranes is limited by the narrow range of material chemistries on the market, which cannot address many relevant separations. Expanding their use requires new membrane materials that can be tuned to address separations by providing the desired selectivity and robustness. Self-assembly is a versatile and scalable approach to create tunable membranes with a narrow pore size distribution. This study reports the first examples of a new class of membrane materials that derives state-of-the-art permeability, selectivity, and fouling resistance from the self-assembly of random polyampholyte amphiphilic copolymers. These membranes feature a network of ionic nanodomains that serve as nanochannels for water permeation, framed by hydrophobic nanodomains that preserve their structural integrity. This copolymer design approach enables precise selectivity control. For example, sodium sulfate rejections can be tuned from 5% to 93% with no significant change in the pore size or fouling resistance. Membranes developed here have potential applications in wastewater treatment and chemical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzaferro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Samuel J Lounder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Xu M, Chen J, Zhang P, Cai J, Song H, Li Z, Liu Z. An antibody-radionuclide conjugate targets fibroblast activation protein for cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3214-3224. [PMID: 37318538 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein is one of the most attractive targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. There have been many successful clinical translations with small molecules and peptides, yet only a few anti-FAP antibody diagnostic or therapeutic agents have been reported. Antibodies often feature good tumor selectivity and long tumor retention, which may be a better-match with therapeutic radionuclides (e.g.,177Lu, 225Ac) for cancer therapy. Here we report a 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody, PKU525, as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for FAP-targeted radiotherapy. METHODS The anti-FAP antibody is produced as a derivative of sibrotuzumab. The pharmacokinetics and blocking study are performed with 89Zr-labeled antibody by PET imaging. The conjugation strategies have been screened and tested with SPECT imaging through 177Lu-labeling. The biodistribution and radiotherapy studies are performed on 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody in NU/NU mice-bearing HT-1080-FAP tumors. RESULTS A multiple time-point PET imaging study shows that the tumor accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is intense, selective, and relatively rapid. The time activity curve indicates that the tumor uptake continually increases until reaches the highest uptake (SUVmax = 18.4 ± 2.3, n = 4) at 192 h, then gradually declines. Radioactivity rapidly cleared from the blood, liver, and other major organs, resulting in high tumor-to-background ratios. An in vivo blocking experiment suggests that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is FAP-specific and the uptake in FAP-negative tumors is almost negligible. Ex vivo biodistribution study shows that the tumor uptake of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 is 23.04 ± 5.11% ID/g, 33.2 ± 6.36% ID/g, 19.87 ± 6.84% ID/g and 19.02 ± 5.90% ID/g at 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, and 240 h after injection (n = 5), which is corroborated with the PET imaging. In therapeutic assays, multiple doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 have been tested in tumor-bearing mice, and the data suggests that 3.7 MBq may be sufficient to completely suppress the tumor growth in mice without showing observable side effects. CONCLUSION A FAP-targeted antibody-radionuclide conjugate was developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Its tumor accumulation is rapid and high with a clean background. It remarkably suppresses the tumors in mice while the side effect is almost negligible, showing that it is promising for further clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Boomray Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hanbo Song
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Hurwitz J, Haggstrom LR, Lim E. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2017. [PMID: 37631232 PMCID: PMC10458257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have provided new therapeutic options and significant promise for patients with cancer, particularly where existing treatments are limited. Substantial effort in ADC development is underway globally, with 13 ADCs currently approved and many more in development. The therapeutic benefits of ADCs leverage the ability to selectively target cancer cells through antibody binding, resultant relative sparing of non-malignant tissues, and the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload. Consequently, this drug class has demonstrated activity in multiple malignancies refractory to standard therapeutic options. Despite this, limitations exist, including narrow therapeutic windows, unique toxicity profiles, development of therapeutic resistance, and appropriate biomarker selection. This review will describe the development of ADCs, their mechanisms of action, pivotal trials, and approved indications and identify common themes. Current challenges and opportunities will be discussed for this drug class in cancer therapeutics at a time when significant developments in antibody therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted agents are occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hurwitz
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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8
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Fujii T, Matsuda Y. Novel formats of antibody conjugates: recent advances in payload diversity, conjugation, and linker chemistry. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:1053-1065. [PMID: 37953519 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2276873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the field of bioconjugates, the focus on antibody - drug conjugates (ADCs) with novel payloads beyond the traditional categories of potent cytotoxic agents is increasing. These innovative ADCs exhibit various molecular formats, ranging from small-molecule payloads, such as immune agonists and proteolytic agents, to macromolecular payloads, such as oligonucleotides and proteins. AREAS COVERED This review offers an in-depth exploration of unconventional strategies for designing conjugates with novel mechanisms of action and notable examples of approaches that show promising prospects. Representative examples of novel format payloads and their classification, attributes, and appropriate conjugation techniques are discussed in detail. EXPERT OPINION The existing basic technologies used to manufacture ADCs can be directly applied to synthesize novel formatted conjugates. However, a wide variety of new payloads require the creation of customized technologies adapted to the unique characteristics of these payloads. Consequently, fundamental technologies, such as conjugation methods aimed at achieving high drug - antibody ratios and developing stable crosslinkers, are likely to become increasingly important research areas in the future.
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Huwaimel B, Nafea Alharby T, Alanazi J, Alanazi M. Computational estimation of drug’s concentration distribution through a microporous membrane using artificial intelligence approach. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Agrawal P, Wilkstein K, Guinn E, Mason M, Serrano Martinez CI, Saylae J. A Review of Tangential Flow Filtration: Process Development and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Malawska KJ, Takano S, Oisaki K, Yanagisawa H, Kikkawa M, Tsukuda T, Kanai M. Bioconjugation of Au 25 Nanocluster to Monoclonal Antibody at Tryptophan. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 36893358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first bioconjugation of Au25 nanocluster to a monoclonal antibody at scarcely exposed tryptophan (Trp) residues toward the development of high-resolution probes for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and tomography (cryo-ET). To achieve this, we improved the Trp-selective bioconjugation using hydroxylamine (ABNOH) reagents instead of previously developed N-oxyl radicals (ABNO). This new protocol allowed for the application of Trp-selective bioconjugation to acid-sensitive proteins such as antibodies. We found that a two-step procedure utilizing first Trp-selective bioconjugation for the introduction of azide groups to the protein and then strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) to attach a bicyclononyne (BCN)-presenting redox-sensitive Au25 nanocluster was essential for a scalable procedure. Covalent labeling of the antibody with gold nanoclusters was confirmed by various analytical methods, including cryo-EM analysis of the Au25 nanocluster conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Joanna Malawska
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahide Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Yamazaki S, Inoue K, Mihara Y, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Antibody Modification Mediated by Lipoic Acid Ligase A: Application to Antibody‐Drug Conjugates Production. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kota Inoue
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1 Suzuki-cho 210-8681 Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mihara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1 Suzuki-cho 210-8681 Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street 92121 San Diego CA United States
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13
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Achanta PS, Friesen JB, Harris G, Webster GK, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Development of Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for the Purification of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2783-2788. [PMID: 36700558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an expanding therapeutic class of biomolecules for which relatively few analytical and preparative separation options exist. Purification of ADCs with a specific drug antibody ratio is even more challenging. We report the first application of countercurrent separation (CCS) to this problem. An ADC mimic was successfully chromatographed using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of PEG 1000/sodium citrate pH 7.5/water, 17.75/17.75/64.50 (w/w/w). Notably, different partition coefficients (K) in this ATPS for the ADC mimic (0.09 < K < 0.16) and its monoclonal antibody backbone, IgG (0.16 < K < 0.27), were observed using CCS. Differential elution behavior of such high-molecular-weight biomolecules, 146,441 vs. ∼150,000 Da, using CCS has no precedent. The results provide a proof of concept for further exploration of the application of ATPSs and CCS to the separation of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar S Achanta
- Pharmacognosy Institute, and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Pharmacognosy Institute, and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 Division Street, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - Guy Harris
- Pharmacognosy Institute, and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory K Webster
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Institute, and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Pharmacognosy Institute, and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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14
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Yamazaki S, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Enzymatic Modification for Antibody−Drug Conjugate Production. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 United States
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15
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Kreusser J, Ninni L, Jirasek F, Hasse H. Adsorption of conjugates of lysozyme and fluorescein isothiocyanate in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:133-141. [PMID: 36441112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates, such as antibody-drug conjugates or fluorescent-labeled proteins, are highly interesting for various applications in medicine and biology. In their production, not only the synthesis is challenging but also the downstream processing, for which hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is often used. However, in-depth studies of the adsorption of bioconjugates in HIC are still rare. Therefore, in the present work, three different conjugates of lysozyme and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were synthesized and isolated, and their adsorption on the hydrophobic resin Toyopearl PPG-600 M was systematically studied in batch experiments. The influence of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate with ionic strengths up to 2000 mM on the adsorption isotherms was investigated at pH 7.0 and 25 °C, and the results were compared to those for pure lysozyme. The conjugation leads to an increase of the adsorption in all studied cases. All studied conjugates contain only a single FITC and differ only in the position of the conjugation on the lysozyme. Despite this, strong differences in the adsorption behavior were observed. Moreover, a mathematical model was developed, which enables the prediction of the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems for varying ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannette Kreusser
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Luciana Ninni
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Jirasek
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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Nakahara Y, Mendelsohn BA, Matsuda Y. Antibody–Drug Conjugate Synthesis Using Continuous Flow Microreactor Technology. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakahara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Brian A. Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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18
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Mukherjee D, Trigo-Mouriño P, Jiang Y, Nowak T, Shchurik V, Adpressa DA, Louie MT, Reynolds SR, Hohn MJ, Al-Sayah MA, Pirrone GF, Makarov AA. Rapid antibody conformational screening by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2055-2063. [PMID: 35108448 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of cancer biology have accelerated the discovery and development of novel biopharmaceuticals. At the forefront of these drug development efforts are high-throughput screening, compressed timelines and limited sample quantities, all characteristic of the discovery space. To meet program targets, large numbers of protein variants must be produced, screened, and characterized, presenting a daunting analytical challenge. Additionally, higher-order structure is paramount for protein function and must be monitored as a critical quality attribute. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization MS has been utilized as an ultra-fast, automatable, sample-sparing analytical tool for biomolecules. Our group has published applications integrating Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization MS for the rapid conformational characterization of small proteins, the current work expands this application to monoclonal and bi-specific antibodies. This study demonstrates the ability of the methodology Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS to detect conformational differences between bi-specific antibodies from different expression host. These conformational differences were validated by orthogonal techniques including Circular Dichroism, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Size-Exclusion Chromatography Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange MS. This work demonstrates the utility of applying the developed methodology as a rapid conformational screening tool to triage samples for further analytical characterization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopreeti Mukherjee
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pablo Trigo-Mouriño
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir Shchurik
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donovon A Adpressa
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Hohn
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co. Inc., MRL, Analytical Research & Development, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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19
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Yamazaki S, Shikida N, Takahashi K, Matsuda Y, Inoue K, Shimbo K, Mihara Y. Lipoate-acid ligase a modification of native antibody: Synthesis and conjugation site analysis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 51:128360. [PMID: 34537330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is an important chemical biology research focus, especially in the development of methods to produce pharmaceutical bioconjugates and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this report, an enzyme-catalyzed conjugation method combined with a chemical reaction was used to modify a native antibody under mild reaction conditions. Our investigation revealed that lipoic-acid ligase (LplA) modifies native IgG1 with biased site-specificity. An intact mass analysis revealed that 98.3% of IgG1 was modified by LplA and possessed at least one molecule of octanocic acid. The average number of modifications per antibody was calculated to be 4.6. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that the modified residues were K225, K249 and K363 in the Fc region, and K30, K76 and K136 in the heavy chain and K39/K42, K169, K188 and K190 in the light chain of the Fab region. Careful evaluation including solvent exposed amino acid analysis suggested that these conjugate sites were not only solvent exposed but also biased by the site-specificity of LplA. Furthermore, antibody fragment conjugation may be able to take advantage of this enzymatic approach. This feasibility study serves as a demonstration for preparing enzymatically modified antibodies with conjugation site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamazaki
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Shikida
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kota Inoue
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimbo
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Mihara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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20
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Matsuda Y, Seki T, Yamada K, Ooba Y, Takahashi K, Fujii T, Kawaguchi S, Narita T, Nakayama A, Kitahara Y, Mendelsohn BA, Okuzumi T. Chemical Site-Specific Conjugation Platform to Improve the Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Index of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4058-4066. [PMID: 34579528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To overcome a lack of selectivity during the chemical modification of native non-engineered antibodies, we have developed a technology platform termed "AJICAP" for the site-specific chemical conjugation of antibodies through the use of a class of IgG Fc-affinity reagents. To date, a limited number of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been synthesized via this approach, and no toxicological study was reported. Herein, we describe the compatibility and robustness of AJICAP technology, which enabled the synthesis of a wide variety of ADCs. A stability assessment of a thiol-modified antibody synthesized by AJICAP technology indicated no appreciable increase in aggregation or decomposition upon prolonged storage, indicating that the unexpectedly stable thiol intermediate has a great potential intermediate for payload or linker screening or large-scale manufacturing. Payload conjugation with this stable thiol intermediate generated several AJICAP-ADCs. In vivo xenograft studies indicated that the AJICAP-ADCs displayed significant tumor inhibition comparable to benchmark ADC Kadcyla. Furthermore, a rat pharmacokinetic analysis and toxicology study indicated an increase in the maximum tolerated dose, demonstrating an expansion of the AJICAP-ADC therapeutic index, compared with stochastic conjugation technology. This is the first report of the therapeutic index estimation of site-specific ADCs produced by utilizing Fc affinity reagent conjugation. The described site-specific conjugation technology is a powerful platform to enable next-generation ADCs through reduced heterogeneity and enhanced therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.,Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takuya Seki
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yuri Ooba
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujii
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawaguchi
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Takahiro Narita
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kitahara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tatsuya Okuzumi
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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