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Lee NK, Chang JW. Manufacturing Cell and Gene Therapies: Challenges in Clinical Translation. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:314-323. [PMID: 38361427 PMCID: PMC10961620 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of both cell and gene therapies have been demonstrated in numerous preclinical and clinical trials. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, which leverages the technologies of both cell and gene therapies, has also shown great promise for treating various cancers. Advancements in pertinent fields have also highlighted challenges faced while manufacturing cell and gene therapy products. Potential problems and obstacles must be addressed to ease the clinical translation of individual therapies. Literature reviews of representative cell-based, gene-based, and cell-based gene therapies with regard to their general manufacturing processes, the challenges faced during manufacturing, and QC specifications are limited. We review the general manufacturing processes of cell and gene therapies, including those involving mesenchymal stem cells, viral vectors, and CAR-T cells. The complexities associated with the manufacturing processes and subsequent QC/validation processes may present challenges that could impede the clinical progression of the products. This article addresses these potential challenges. Further, we discuss the use of the manufacturing model and its impact on cell and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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Sripada SA, Barbieri E, Shastry S, Wuestenhagen E, Aldinger A, Rammo O, Schulte MM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Multiangle Light Scattering as a Lentivirus Purification Process Analytical Technology. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9593-9600. [PMID: 38804040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The limited biomolecular and functional stability of lentiviral vectors (LVVs) for cell therapy poses the need for analytical tools that can monitor their titers and activity throughout the various steps of expression and purification. In this study, we describe a rapid (25 min) and reproducible (coefficient of variance ∼0.5-2%) method that leverages size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle light scattering detection (SEC-MALS) to determine size, purity, and particle count of LVVs purified from bioreactor harvests. The SEC-MALS data were corroborated by orthogonal methods, namely, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. The method was also evaluated for robustness in the range of 2.78 × 105-2.67 × 107 particles per sample. Notably, MALS-based particle counts correlated with the titer of infectious LVVs measured via transduction assays (R2 = 0.77). Using a combination of SEC-MALS and DLS, we discerned the effects of purification parameters on LVV quality, such as the separation between heterogeneous LV, which can facilitate critical decision-making in the biomanufacturing of gene and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- NC-VVIRAL, NC State University, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, 1791 Varsity Drive, Suite #150, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, NC State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- NC-VVIRAL, NC State University, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Daniele
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University and UNC Chapel Hill, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- NC-VVIRAL, NC State University, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, 1791 Varsity Drive, Suite #150, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, NC State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- NC-VVIRAL, NC State University, 1840 Entrepreneur Dr, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Liu T, Zhou L, Fu Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Yang X, Di X, Yang Y, He Z. Duchenne muscular dystrophy treatment with lentiviral vector containing mini-dystrophin gene in vivo. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e423. [PMID: 38188603 PMCID: PMC10771042 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable X-linked recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Many researchers aim to restore truncated dystrophin via viral vectors. However, the low packaging capacity and immunogenicity of vectors have hampered their clinical application. Herein, we constructed four lentiviral vectors with truncated and sequence-optimized dystrophin genes driven by muscle-specific promoters. The four lentiviral vectors stably expressed mini-dystrophin in C2C12 muscle cells in vitro. To estimate the treatment effect in vivo, we transferred the lentiviral vectors into neonatal C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx mice through local injection. The levels of modified dystrophin expression increased, and their distribution was also restored in treated mice. At the same time, they exhibited the restoration of pull force and a decrease in the number of mononuclear cells. The remissions lasted 3-6 months in vivo. Moreover, no integration sites of vectors were distributed into the oncogenes. In summary, this study preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility and safety of lentiviral vectors with mini-dystrophin for DMD gene therapy and provided a new strategy to restore truncated dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yanghui Zhu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Taiqing Liu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yunhai Fu
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yinqi Li
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiangjie Di
- Clinical Trial Center/NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative DrugWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of PharmacyCancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Arsenijevic Y, Berger A, Udry F, Kostic C. Lentiviral Vectors for Ocular Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081605. [PMID: 36015231 PMCID: PMC9414879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers the basics of lentiviral vector technologies, their advantages and pitfalls, and an overview of their use in the field of ophthalmology. First, the description of the global challenges encountered to develop safe and efficient lentiviral recombinant vectors for clinical application is provided. The risks and the measures taken to minimize secondary effects as well as new strategies using these vectors are also discussed. This review then focuses on lentiviral vectors specifically designed for ocular therapy and goes over preclinical and clinical studies describing their safety and efficacy. A therapeutic approach using lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed for many ocular diseases, e.g., aged-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, inherited retinal dystrophies (Leber congenital amaurosis type 2, Stargardt disease, Usher syndrome), glaucoma, and corneal fibrosis or engraftment rejection. In summary, this review shows how lentiviral vectors offer an interesting alternative for gene therapy in all ocular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- Group Epigenetics of ocular diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Florian Udry
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Group for Retinal Disorder Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
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