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Zhu L, Xu J, Gan R, Xu D, Wang J, Zhou J, Ma H. Exploring peptides from toad venom for source identification by LC-MS/MS using MRM method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115901. [PMID: 38091819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with various sources and wide-ranging preparations. Previous quality assessment studies primarily concentrated on small molecular compounds like toad dienolactones and indole alkaloids, studies on macromolecular peptides and proteins as quality assessment standards remained at the qualitative stage, lacking the development of practical and convenient quantitative methods. In this study, to explore the peptides from toad venom as a new method for identifying and evaluating its source, a complete scan of the water extract of peptides from toad venom was conducted using HPLC-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (Q-TOF) 5600, leading to the identification of peptides based on mass spectrometry data. Subsequently, HPLC- Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (Q-Trap) 5500 employing Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode was utilized to quantitatively analyze peptides in various sources of toad venom, followed by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to further analyze the data and evaluate the effectiveness. This study highlights the importance of exploring macromolecular substance in natural products research and provides a foundation for further studies on toad venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junde Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Gan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dihui Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhang X, Lv X, Qian D, Li J, Qian Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Ma H. Quantification of peptide components in cinobufacini injection and toad skin by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2201048. [PMID: 37155296 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cinobufacini injection is commonly used in the clinical treatment of tumors and hepatitis B, but the quality is uneven. Currently, the main focus of its quality assessment is on steroids and alkaloids. Based on a previous study, we screened four peptides with high reproducibility, responsiveness, and specificity. This research was the first to develop an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry approach for evaluating the quality of cinobufacini preparations from the peptide perspective. In this study, we have identified 230 peptides in cinobufacini injection by Q-Exactive mass spectrometry, which contains species-specific peptides. Then, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to establish a quantitative method for species-specific peptides and carried out method validation. The result revealed that four peptides were linear in a specific range, and had great reproducibility, accuracy, and stability. Eventually, we evaluated the quality of eight batches of cinobufacini injections and 26 batches of toad skins using the total content of target peptides as the criterion. The outcomes demonstrated that the quality of cinobufacini injection is generally stable and the toad skin from Shandong is of the best quality. In conclusion, the quantitative approach that focuses on peptides will offer innovative perspectives on assessing the quality of cinobufacini preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
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