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Xie R, Peng X, Lee YY, Xie P, Tan CP, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Enzymatic preparation of diacylglycerols: lipase screening, immobilization, characterization and glycerolysis performance. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39258418 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glycerolysis, with its advantages of readily available raw materials, simple operation, and mild reaction conditions, is a primary method for producing diacylglycerol (DAG). However, enzymatic glycerolysis faces challenges such as high enzyme costs, low reuse efficiency, and poor stability. The study aims to develop a cost-effective immobilized enzyme by covalently binding lipase to pre-activated carriers through the selection of suitable lipases, carriers, and activating agents. The optimization is intended to improve the glycerolysis reaction for efficient DAG production. RESULTS Lipase CN-TL (from Thermomyces lanuginosus) was selected through glycerolysis reaction and molecular docking to catalyze the glycerolysis reaction. Optimizing the immobilization method by covalently binding CN-TL to poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE)-preactivated resin LX-201A resulted in the preparation of the immobilized enzyme TL-PEGDGE-LX. The immobilized enzyme retained over 90% of its initial activity after five consecutive reactions, demonstrating excellent reusability. The DAG content in the product remained at 84.8% of its initial level, further highlighting the enzyme's potential for reusability and its promising applications in the food and oil industries. CONCLUSIONS The immobilized lipase TL-PEGDGE-LX, created by covalently immobilizing lipase CN-TL on PEGDGE-preactivated carriers, demonstrated broad applicability and excellent reusability. This approach offers an economical and convenient immobilization strategy for the enzymatic glycerolysis production of DAG. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwu Peng
- Research and Development and Technical Regulations, Amway (China) R&D Center Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pengkai Xie
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu YK, Ma C, Li MJ, Bai XL, Liu YM, Liao X. Screening of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in Tibetan strawberry by ligand fishing based on enzyme functionalized cellulose filter paper. Microchem J 2024; 203:110838. [PMID: 39035460 PMCID: PMC11259036 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tibetan strawberry (Fragaria nubicola) is a wild medicinal and edible plant in Tibet possessing various health benefits such as neuroprotection and anti-oxidation. However, there has been little study reported on its chemical constituents. To investigate the inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in Tibetan strawberry, we immobilized the enzyme onto cellulose filter paper for the first time to develop a new screening method. Two known glycosides (compounds 1 and 2) and one new iridoid glucoside (Compound 3) were fished out by this method, which was found to effectively inhibit MAO-B with IC50 values of 16.95 ± 0.93, 24.69 ± 0.20, and 46.77 ± 0.78 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and kinetic analysis were performed to reveal the inhibition mechanism of these compounds. Furthermore, compound 1 exhibited neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced injury on PC12 cells. The developed method exhibits the advantages of rapidness and effectiveness in screening of MAO-B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kao Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Phytochemistry laboratory, Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, China
| | - Ming-Jie Li
- HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang T, Zheng Z, Jing H, Liu C. Improving pesticide residue detection: Immobilized enzyme microreactor embedded in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Food Chem 2024; 439:138179. [PMID: 38091789 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Orientationally immobilized enzyme microreactors (OIMERs), embedded in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) were developed for improved detection of pesticide residues in food. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was orientationally immobilized on the reusable Part I of the μPADs, using the specific affinity binding of concanavalin A (Con A) to a glycosyl group on AChE. Using the disposable Part II, facile colorimetric quantification was performed with a smartphone and software, or qualitative detection by a naked-eye visual test. The AChE immobilized in OIMERs not only had improved activity and stability, but also high sensitivity, with a limit of detection as low as (0.007 ± 0.003) μg/mL. The method was used to detect pesticides residues in real vegetable samples; the recovery (88.6-102.7%) showed high reliability for pesticide residues detection in foods. A molecular docking study and an enzyme kinetic analysis were conducted to characterize the mechanism of action of the OIMERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yibing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chunye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Wan GZ, Zhang CL, Chen J. Catechol-tetraethylenepentamine co-deposition modified cellulose filter paper for α-glucosidase immobilization and inhibitor screening from traditional Chinese medicine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6220-6228. [PMID: 37942997 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose filter paper (CFP) is expected to be an ideal carrier for enzyme immobilization due to its sustainability and biocompatibility. However, the interaction between the carrier and enzyme might change the spatial conformation of the enzyme and its microenvironment, and thus the flexibility of the enzyme molecule or the transport of the substrate to the active site would be hampered. In this work, a two-component system of catechol and tetraethylene pentamine was used to replace dopamine, and a polydopamine-like composite layer was deposited on the surface of CFP to introduce amino groups, which was similar to the self-polymerization-adhesion behavior of dopamine. Using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether with flexible spacer arms as the cross-linking agent, α-glucosidase was covalently bonded to amino-modified CFP through an epoxy ring-opening reaction. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited greater tolerance to pH and high temperature. After 10 repeated uses, the immobilized α-glucosidase maintained relatively high enzyme activity. Its kinetic behavior was investigated to illustrate the reliability for enzyme inhibitor screening. Finally, a screening method combining an immobilized enzyme and capillary electrophoresis analysis was proposed and applied to screening inhibitors from 11 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, among which Chebulae Fructus, Phyllanthi Fructus and Terminaliae Relliricae Fructus exhibited strong enzyme inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Liu M, Huang S, Tan L, Pan J, Xie S, Zuilhof H, Chen B, Ma M. A simple and low-energy strategy for the separation of water and acetonitrile. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300426. [PMID: 37582650 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
As acetonitrile is a widely used solvent for the chemical industry, the recovery of acetonitrile from acetonitrile wastewater is significant for both industrial cost reduction and environmental protection. In this article, a simple, low-energy, and low-cost strategy is proposed for the effective separation of acetonitrile from high-concentration acetonitrile wastewater. The approach is based on a sequential combination of two steps: salt-induced phase separation and hydrophobic filtration. The acetonitrile wastewater was first induced to split into two phases by salt, that is, the acetonitrile-rich phase and the water-rich phase, then the above two phases were poured into the hydrophobic filter paper funnel for the separation. It was shown that NaCl is a suitable salting-out reagent, and that hydrophobic filter papers-obtained from modification by butyltrichlorosilane and octyltrichlorosilane were the optimal choice for hydrophobic filtration. The salt-induced phase separation process is able to increase the volume fraction of acetonitrile in the acetonitrile-rich phase up to 92%. The acetonitrile-rich phase can pass through the hydrophobic filter paper, whereas the water-rich phase was intercepted. The hydrophobic filter paper retained strong hydrophobicity and high acetonitrile-separating capacity after 3 months storage, or upon immersion in acetonitrile-water mixtures for 12 h, or applied for 25 consecutive separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linli Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
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