1
|
Lamb C, Smit L, McLellan B, Vander Vennen LM, Proctor M. Considerations for furbearer trapping regulations to prevent grizzly bear toe amputation and injury. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Lamb
- Department of Biology University of British Columbia Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Laura Smit
- Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development Nelson BC V1L 4K3 Canada
| | - Bruce McLellan
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature Bear Specialist Group, D'Arcy BC V0N 1L0 Canada
| | - Lucas M. Vander Vennen
- Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development Nelson BC V1L 4K Canada
| | - Michael Proctor
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature Bear Specialist Group Kaslo BC V0G 1M0 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmidt JH, Robison HL, Parrett LS, Gorn TS, Shults BS. Brown Bear Density and Estimated Harvest Rates in Northwestern Alaska. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Schmidt
- Central Alaska Network U.S. National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks AK 99709 USA
| | - Hillary L. Robison
- Western Arctic National Parklands U.S. National Park Service P.O. Box 1029 Kotzebue AK 99752 USA
| | - Lincoln S. Parrett
- Division of Wildlife Conservation Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1300 College Road Fairbanks AK 99701 USA
| | - Tony S. Gorn
- Division of Wildlife Conservation Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 1148 Nome AK 99762 USA
| | - Brad S. Shults
- Western Arctic National Parklands U.S. National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks AK 99709 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung TS, Kukka PM, Peers MJL, Schmiegelow FKA, Boonstra R, Boutin S, Majchrzak YN. Error in trapper-reported sex of lynx (Lynx canadensis) and wolverine (Gulo gulo): implications for analyses of harvest records. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Brockman C, Guttery MR, Dale BW, Schwanke RA, Tobey RW, Koons DN. Effect of Harvest on a Brown Bear Population in Alaska. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Brockman
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1800 Glenn Highway Palmer AK 99645 USA
| | - Michael R. Guttery
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage AK 99645 USA
| | - Bruce W. Dale
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1800 Glenn Highway Palmer AK 99645 USA
| | | | - Robert W. Tobey
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 54 Copper Center AK 99573 USA
| | - David N. Koons
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology & the Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hatter IW, Mowat G, McLellan BN. Statistical population reconstruction to evaluate grizzly bear trends in British Columbia, Canada. URSUS 2018. [DOI: 10.2192/ursus-d-18-00001.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Hatter
- Nature Wise Consulting, 308 Uganda Avenue, Victoria, BC V9A 5X7, Canada
| | - Garth Mowat
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations & Rural Development, Suite 401-333 Victoria Street, Nelson, BC V1L 4K3, Canada
| | - Bruce N. McLellan
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, & Rural Development, P.O. Box 1732, D'Arcy, BC V0N 1L0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McLellan BN, Mowat G, Lamb CT. Estimating unrecorded human-caused mortalities of grizzly bears in the Flathead Valley, British Columbia, Canada. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5781. [PMID: 30324033 PMCID: PMC6186403 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the number of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) mortalities to a sustainable level is fundamental to bear conservation. All known grizzly bear deaths are recorded by management agencies but the number of human-caused grizzly bear deaths that are not recorded is generally unknown, causing considerable uncertainty in the total number of mortalities. Here, we compare the number of bears killed legally by hunters to the number killed by people for all other reasons, for bears wearing functioning radiocollars and for uncollared bears recorded in the British Columbia (BC) government mortality database for the Flathead Valley in southeast BC. Between 1980 and 2016, permitted hunters killed 10 collared bears and 12 (9 known, 3 suspected) were killed by people for other reasons. This ratio differed (p < 0.0001) from the uncollared bears in the government database where 71 were killed by hunters while only 10 were killed for other reasons. We estimate that 88% (95% CI; 67–96%) of the human-caused mortalities that were not by permitted hunters were unreported. The study area may have low reporting rates because it is >40 km on a gravel road from a Conservation Officer office, so reporting is difficult and there are no human residences so there is little concern of a neighbor contacting an officer. Our results are likely indicative of other places that are road-accessed but far from settlements. We discuss the implications of sampling individuals for collaring and the possible implications of wearing a collar on the animal’s fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N McLellan
- BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, D'Arcy, BC, Canada
| | - Garth Mowat
- Forest Sciences, BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Nelson, BC, Canada.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of BC-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Clayton T Lamb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robbins CT, Woodford NL, Goolsby Clyde G, Minor C, Nelson OL, Brewer MM, Khalife PH, Hawley JR. Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-4236 USA
| | - Nina L. Woodford
- Office of Campus Veterinarian; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-1165 USA
| | - Gaylynn Goolsby Clyde
- Office of Campus Veterinarian; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-1165 USA
| | - Cody Minor
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - O. Lynne Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6610 USA
| | - Melissa M. Brewer
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - Patrick H. Khalife
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hawley
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Darimont CT, Paquet PC, Treves A, Artelle KA, Chapron G. Political populations of large carnivores. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:747-749. [PMID: 29363171 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T Darimont
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, P.O. Box 2429, Sidney, BC V8L 3Y3, Canada
| | - Paul C Paquet
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, P.O. Box 2429, Sidney, BC V8L 3Y3, Canada
| | - Adrian Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 30A Science Hall, 550 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Kyle A Artelle
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, P.O. Box 2429, Sidney, BC V8L 3Y3, Canada
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Chapron
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE - 73091, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cattet M, Stenhouse GB, Boulanger J, Janz DM, Kapronczai L, Swenson JE, Zedrosser A. Can concentrations of steroid hormones in brown bear hair reveal age class? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy001. [PMID: 29399362 PMCID: PMC5788069 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although combining genetic and endocrine data from non-invasively collected hair samples has potential to improve the conservation of threatened mammals, few studies have evaluated this opportunity. In this study, we determined if steroid hormone (testosterone, progesterone, estradiol and cortisol) concentration profiles in 169 hair samples collected from free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) could be used to accurately discriminate between immature and adult bears within each sex. Because hair samples were acquired opportunistically, we also needed to establish if interactions between hormones and several non-hormone factors (ordinal day, year, contact method, study area) were associated with age class. For each sex, we first compared a suite of candidate models by Akaike Information Criteria model selection, using different adult-age thresholds (3, 4 and 5 years), to determine the most supported adult age. Because hair hormone levels better reflect the endocrine state at an earlier time, possibly during the previous year, then at the time of sampling, we re-analysed the data, excluding the records for bears at the adult-age threshold, to establish if classification accuracy improved. For both sexes, candidate models were most supported based on a 3-year-old adult-age threshold. Classification accuracy did not improve with the 3-year-old bear data excluded. Male age class was predicted with a high degree of accuracy (88.4%) based on the concomitant concentrations of all four hormones. Female age class was predicted with less accuracy (77.1%) based only on testosterone and cortisol. Accuracy was reduced for females, primarily because we had poor success in correctly classifying immature bears (60%) whereas classification success for adult females was similar to that for males (84.5%). Given the small and unbalanced sample used in this study, our findings should be viewed as preliminary, but they should also provide a basis for more comprehensive future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cattet
- RGL Recovery Wildlife Health & Veterinary Services, 415 Mount Allison Crescent, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 4A6, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gordon B Stenhouse
- fRI Research and Alberta Environment and Parks, 1176 Switzer Drive, Hinton, Alberta T7V 1X6, Canada
| | - John Boulanger
- Integrated Ecological Research, 924 Innes Street, Nelson, British Columbia V1L 5T2, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Luciene Kapronczai
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Telemark University College of Southeast Norway, NO-3800 Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Department for Integrative Biology, Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna A-1180, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Regehr EV, Wilson RR, Rode KD, Runge MC, Stern HL. Harvesting wildlife affected by climate change: a modelling and management approach for polar bears. J Appl Ecol 2017; 54:1534-1543. [PMID: 29081540 PMCID: PMC5637955 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of many wildlife species requires understanding the demographic effects of climate change, including interactions between climate change and harvest, which can provide cultural, nutritional or economic value to humans.We present a demographic model that is based on the polar bear Ursus maritimus life cycle and includes density-dependent relationships linking vital rates to environmental carrying capacity (K). Using this model, we develop a state-dependent management framework to calculate a harvest level that (i) maintains a population above its maximum net productivity level (MNPL; the population size that produces the greatest net increment in abundance) relative to a changing K, and (ii) has a limited negative effect on population persistence.Our density-dependent relationships suggest that MNPL for polar bears occurs at approximately 0·69 (95% CI = 0·63-0·74) of K. Population growth rate at MNPL was approximately 0·82 (95% CI = 0·79-0·84) of the maximum intrinsic growth rate, suggesting relatively strong compensation for human-caused mortality.Our findings indicate that it is possible to minimize the demographic risks of harvest under climate change, including the risk that harvest will accelerate population declines driven by loss of the polar bear's sea-ice habitat. This requires that (i) the harvest rate - which could be 0 in some situations - accounts for a population's intrinsic growth rate, (ii) the harvest rate accounts for the quality of population data (e.g. lower harvest when uncertainty is large), and (iii) the harvest level is obtained by multiplying the harvest rate by an updated estimate of population size. Environmental variability, the sex and age of removed animals and risk tolerance can also affect the harvest rate. Synthesis and applications. We present a coupled modelling and management approach for wildlife that accounts for climate change and can be used to balance trade-offs among multiple conservation goals. In our example application to polar bears experiencing sea-ice loss, the goals are to maintain population viability while providing continued opportunities for subsistence harvest. Our approach may be relevant to other species for which near-term management is focused on human factors that directly influence population dynamics within the broader context of climate-induced habitat degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric V Regehr
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Anchorage AK USA.,Present address: University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kukka PM, Jung TS, Robitaille JF, Schmiegelow FKA. Temporal variation in the population characteristics of harvested wolverine (Gulo gulo) in northwestern Canada. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/wr17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Wolverines (Gulo gulo) are harvested for fur in northern Canada; however, the impacts of harvest are poorly known. Additionally, wolverine population data are largely absent for much of their northern range. Demographic data collected from harvested wolverines provide information on the vulnerability and variability of different sex and age cohorts to harvest, which, in turn, may have implications for harvest sustainability. Aims We examined the temporal variability of different sex and age cohorts in wolverine harvest among years, and within the harvest season, in Yukon, Canada. We also examined the pregnancy status of female wolverines in relation to the harvest date, so as to evaluate the impact of the harvest-season length on breeding wolverines. Methods We determined the sex and age composition of harvested wolverines via dissections of 655 carcasses collected from 2005 to 2014. We determined the reproductive status and fetal measurements for female wolverines via dissections of reproductive tracts. Key results The harvest consisted mostly of males, particularly of young individuals. The sex ratio of harvested animals did not fluctuate significantly, but we observed variation in the age structure among years. The age structure varied within the harvest season (November to March), with a greater proportion of adults being harvested in late winter. Active gestation was evident in females harvested after mid-January, and near-term or postpartum females were harvested during late February and March. Conclusions Late winter harvest is likely to have a more significant impact on populations than is early winter harvest, because of increased harvest of adults and breeding females. Wolverine harvest season extends to the onset of the denning season in late February and March, indicating a concern for ethical harvest. Implications Limiting the legal harvest season to early winter may contribute to improved harvest sustainability and protection of breeding wolverines in northern latitudes.
Collapse
|