1
|
Liu L, Duan Y, Liang Y, Kan A, Wang L, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li Z, Liu J, Wang D. Cyclized Polyacrylonitrile as a Promising Support for Single Atom Metal Catalyst with Synergistic Active Site. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104142. [PMID: 34881499 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal single atom catalysts (SAC) have been successfully used in heterogeneous catalysis but developing a scalable and economic support for SAC is still a great challenge. Here, cyclized polyacrylonitrile (CPAN) is proposed as a promising support for single atom metal catalysts. CPAN can be easily prepared from cheap industrial product polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which has excellent processability. A series of SAC on CPAN (M/CPAN, M = Ag, Cu, Ru) are designed and the catalytic activities of the as synthesized M/CPAN are investigated by the model reduction reaction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP). M/CPAN presents excellent catalytic performance with high stability and theoretical calculations elucidate that Ag/CPAN synergistically catalyze 4-NP reduction following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism with 4-NP preferentially adsorbing at the Ag sites and H adsorbing at the bridge C sites. These results, for the first time, reveal that the single atom on CPAN can catalyze 4-NP reduction efficiently. This methodology provides a convenient route for the preparation of a variety of SAC, and this strategy is readily scalable and holds great potential in catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Amin Kan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Luo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Bingkai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Desong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Control on Surface and Interface, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Lab of Applied Chemistry, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moyo M, Modise SJ, Pakade VE. Application of polymer-coated Macadamia integrifolia nutshell biomass impregnated with palladium for chromium(VI) remediation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24184. [PMID: 34921191 PMCID: PMC8683406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Freely suspended and porous basket restrained granules of palladium nanoparticles supported on polymer-grafted Macadamia nutshell biomass (Pd@Polym-MNS) composite were used for the treatment chromium(VI)-containing water. In the presence of formic acid, the Pd@Polym-MNS demonstrated its activity in the adsorption-reduction-based conversion of noxious chromium(VI) to less toxic chromium(III) with a low activation energy of 13.4 kJ mol-1, ΔH0 (+ 10.8 kJ mol-1), ΔS0 (-270.0 J mol-1 K-1), and ΔG0 (+ 91.3 to + 98.0 kJ mol-1) indicated the exothermic, endergonic and non-spontaneous nature of the catalytic redox reaction. In addition to facilitating easy recovery, rinsing, and reuse, restraining the Pd@Polym-MNS in the basket reactor helped maintain the integrity of the catalysts by preventing violent collisions of suspended granules with the mixing apparatus and the walls of the reaction vessel. Whereas the pseudo-first-order rate constant was recorded as 0.157 min-1 upon initial use, values of the mean and relative standard deviation for the second, third and fourth consecutive uses were found to be 0.219 min-1 and 1.3%, respectively. According to a response surface methodological approach to batch experimentation, the initial concentration of chromium(VI) and catalyst dosage had the greatest impact on the redox reaction rate, accounting for 85.7% and 11.6% of the variability in the value of the pseudo-first-order rate constant, respectively. Mutually beneficial effects of the combinations of high formic acid and low chromium(VI) concentration, high temperature and catalyst dosage as well as high formic acid and catalyst dosage were recorded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malvin Moyo
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moinuddin SK, Gajbhiye RL, Mehta P, Sarmah B, Murty US, Ravichandiran V, Samudrala PK, Alexander A, Kumar P. UHPLC-DAD Method Development and Validation: Degradation Kinetic, Stress Studies of Farnesol and Characterization of Degradation Products Using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS with in silico Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Predictions. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:817-831. [PMID: 34849633 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene molecule with high lipophilicity that has antibacterial and other pharmacological properties along with broad nutritional values with high commercial values. Although having potential, FAR stability behavior and degradation kinetics are not available in the literature. Hence, it is very essential to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, robust, cheap UHPLC-DAD method for FAR. It was also proposed to study mechanistic insights into FAR under different degradation conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized to do systematic stability studies along with degradation kinetic and accelerated stability studies. The developed method was validated. FAR was studied for stress studies, degradation kinetics and ADMET prediction of degradants. Degradation products were characterized using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS. Developed method consists of an isocratic mobile phase with a wavelength of 215 nm. The percent recoveries for FAR were observed within the acceptance limit of 98-102%. The eight major degradation products were formed during stress studies. FAR follows first-order degradation kinetics. FAR and all degradants were found to have more than 75% good human oral absorption, and are non-toxic. FAR UHPLC-DAD method was developed, validated and performed stability studies to know the possible degradation pattern along with degradation kinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Khaja Moinuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, SilaKatamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Rahul L Gajbhiye
- Central Instrumentation Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chunilal Bhawan (Adjacent to BCPL), 168, Maniktala Main Road, P.O. Bengal Chemicals, P.S. Phoolbagan, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Pakhuri Mehta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Bhaskar Sarmah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, SilaKatamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India.,BioNEST, Incubation Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, SilaKatamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chunilal Bhawan (Adjacent to BCPL), 168, Maniktala Main Road, P.O. Bengal Chemicals, P.S. Phoolbagan, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, SilaKatamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rütti DP, Moser M, Georg AG, Spier ES, Meier DM. Kinetic Data for Continuous Processes from Liquid‐Liquid Loop Reactor Experiments. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Rütti
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Engineering, Institute of Materials and Process Engineering Technikumstrasse 9 8401 Winterthur Switzerland
| | - Marlies Moser
- Fluitec mixing + reaction solution AG Seuzachstrasse 40 8413 Neftenbach Switzerland
| | - Alain G. Georg
- Fluitec mixing + reaction solution AG Seuzachstrasse 40 8413 Neftenbach Switzerland
| | - Eyal S. Spier
- Independent Researcher Marchwartstrasse 19 8038 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Daniel M. Meier
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Engineering, Institute of Materials and Process Engineering Technikumstrasse 9 8401 Winterthur Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kinetic Analysis of 4-Nitrophenol Reduction by "Water-Soluble" Palladium Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061169. [PMID: 32549394 PMCID: PMC7353196 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most important model catalytic reaction to test the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles is the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride as it can be precisely monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy with high accuracy. This work presents the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-Nip) to 4-aminophenol (4-Amp) in the presence of Pd nanoparticles and sodium borohydride as reductants in water. We first evaluate the kinetics using classical pseudo first-order kinetics. We report the effects of different initial 4-Nip and NaBH4 concentrations, reaction temperatures, and mass of Pd nanoparticles used for catalytic reduction. The thermodynamic parameters (activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy) were also determined. Results show that the kinetics are highly dependent on the reactant ratio and that pseudo first-order simplification is not always fit to describe the kinetics of the reaction. Assuming that all steps of this reaction proceed only on the surface of Pd nanoparticles, we applied a Langmuir−Hinshelwood model to describe the kinetics of the reaction. Experimental data of the decay rate of 4-nitrophenol were successfully fitted to the theoretical values obtained from the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model and all thermodynamic parameters, the true rate constant k, as well as the adsorption constants of 4-Nip, and BH4− (K4-Nip and KBH4−) were determined for each temperature.
Collapse
|
6
|
Experimental Studies of Ethyl Acetate Saponification Using Different Reactor Systems: The Effect of Volume Flow Rate on Reactor Performance and Pressure Drop. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors intensify chemical processes due to improved flow regimes, mass and heat transfer. In the present study, the effect of the volume flow rate on reactor performance in different reactors (the T-shaped reactor, the interdigital microreactor and the chicane microreactor) was investigated. For this purpose, the saponification reaction in these reactor systems was considered. Experimental results were verified using the obtained kinetic model. The reactor system with a T-shaped reactor shows good performance only at high flow rates, while the experimental setups with the interdigital and the chicane microreactors yield good performance throughout the whole range of volume flow rates. However, microreactors exhibit a higher pressure drop, indicating higher mechanical flow energy consumption than seen using a T-shaped reactor.
Collapse
|