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Zhang Y, Hou J, Shi S, Du J, Liu Y, Huang P, Li Q, Liu L, Hu H, Ji Y, Guo L, Shi Y, Liu Y, Cui H. CSN6 promotes melanoma proliferation and metastasis by controlling the UBR5-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:118. [PMID: 33483464 PMCID: PMC7822921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a critical subunit of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), CSN6 is upregulated in some human cancers and plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression, but its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in melanoma remain unknown. Our study showed that CSN6 expression was upregulated in melanoma patients and cells, and correlated with poor survival in melanoma patients. In melanoma cells, CSN6 knockdown remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion, whereas CSN6 recovery rescued the proliferative and metastatic abilities. Notably, we identified that CSN6 stabilized CDK9 expression by reducing CDK9 ubiquitination levels, thereby activating CDK9-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, our study described a novel CSN6-interacting E3 ligase UBR5, which was negatively regulated by CSN6 and could regulate the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9 in melanoma cells. Furthermore, in CSN6-knockdown melanoma cells, UBR5 knockdown abrogated the effects caused by CSN6 silencing, suggesting that CSN6 activates the UBR5/CDK9 pathway to promote melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. Thus, this study illustrates the mechanism by which the CSN6-UBR5-CDK9 axis promotes melanoma development, and demonstrate that CSN6 may be a potential biomarker and anticancer target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Cancer center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaomin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Cancer center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.,Cancer center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400716, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanrong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaqiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China. .,Cancer center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, 400716, Chongqing, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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Wang X, Chen T. CUL4A regulates endometrial cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration by interacting with CSN6. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:23. [PMID: 33179082 PMCID: PMC7673334 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant gynecological tumor arising from the endometrium, with an annually increasing morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the functions of cullin 4A (CUL4A) in EC, as well as the underlying mechanisms. CUL4A expression was assessed in several human EC cells and normal human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Subsequently, short hairpin (sh)RNA‑CULA4 was transfected into cells, and cell proliferation, invasion and migration were detected using Cell Counting kit‑8, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The STRING database identified that CSN6 interacted with CULA4, and immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction. Subsequently, following CUL4A knockdown, pcDNA3.1‑CSN6 was transfected into cells and its effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were assessed. The expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, MMP9 and p53 were evaluated via western blotting. The results indicated that CUL4A was highly expressed in EC cells, compared with hEECs. CULA4‑knockdown notably inhibited EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly decreased, while p53 expression was enhanced following CUL4A‑knockdown. The immunoprecipitation assay verified that COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) interacted with CULA4. Furthermore, CSN6‑overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effects of CUL4A‑knockdown on EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Similarly, CSN6 overexpression reversed CUL4A‑knockdown‑mediated effects on the expression of MMP2, MMP9 and p53. In summary, the results demonstrated that CUL4A regulated EC cell proliferation, invasion and migration by interacting with CSN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Wang
- Nursing Department, Jiangsu Union Technical Institute Nantong Health Branch, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, P.R. China
| | - Tianquan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
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