Long noncoding RNA SNHG3 promotes glioma tumorigenesis by sponging miR-485-5p to upregulate LMX1B expression

The role of the ceRNA network mediated by lncRNA SNHG3 in the progression of cancer

BACKGROUND

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a distinct class of RNAs with longer than 200 base pairs that are not translated into proteins. Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 3 (SNHG3) is a lncRNA and frequently dysregulated in various human cancers.

OBJECTIVE

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current research on lncRNA SNHG3, focusing on its role within the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and its implications in cancer.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed up to October 2023. The search strategy included keywords such as "lncRNA SNHG3", "competitive endogenous RNA", "cancer", and related terms. Studies were selected based on relevance to SNHG3's involvement in cancer pathogenesis and progression.

RESULTS

Disruptions in the ceRNA network involving lncRNA SNHG3 can impair normal cell growth and differentiation, significantly contributing to disease pathogenesis, particularly cancer. This review highlights SNHG3's substantial impact on various cancer processes and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for aggressive cancers.

CONCLUSION

The findings underscore SNHG3's pivotal role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, laying a foundation for future research in cancer management. Insights from this review emphasize the necessity for further exploration and development of SNHG3-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

SNHG3 deficiency restrains spinal cord injury-induced inflammation through sponging miR-139-5p and provides a novel biomarker for disease severity

BACKGROUND

MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs play pivotal roles in the progression and recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a serious traumatic disease in central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical value of SNHG3 in SCI patients and explore the regulatory effects of SNHG3 on SCI-induced inflammatory responses in vitro.

METHODS

The relationship between SNHG3 and miR-139-5p was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. A SCI cell model was constructed in SH-SY5Y cells using hypoxia treatment. SNHG3 and miR-139-5p expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Effects of SNHG3 and miR-139-5p on cell model viability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and ELISA kits, respectively. ROC curves based on serum SNHG3 and miR-139-5p were constructed to evaluate their diagnostic performance.

RESULTS

In SCI patients, serum SNHG3 was upregulated, but miR-139-5p was downregulated (P<0.05), and a negative correlation between the two ncRNAs was found. Both SNHG3 and miR-139-5p showed relatively high discrimination abilities for the screening of SCI and complete SCI (CSCI) patients. SNHG3 was positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines, and miR-139-5p showed opposite results in SCI patients. By in-vitro analysis, SNHG3 knockdown enhanced cell viability but inhibited inflammation by increasing miR-139-5p.

CONCLUSIONS

All the data found that serum upregulated SNHG3 and downregulated miR-139-5p served as biomarkers to diagnose SCI and indicate injury severity. The deficiency of SNHG3 alleviated neuronal injury by restraining inflammatory responses through targeting miR-139-5p. Thus, the SNHG3/miR-139-5p axis may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SCI.

A comprehensive insight into the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and SNHGs in human cancers

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which comprise most non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have recently become a focus of cancer research. How many functional ncRNAs exist is still a matter of debate. Although insufficient evidence supports that most lncRNAs function as transcriptional by-products, it is widely known that an increasing number of lncRNAs play essential roles in cells. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), 60-300 nucleotides in length, have been better studied than long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and are predominantly present in the nucleolus. Most snoRNAs are encoded in introns of protein- and non-protein-coding genes called small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs). In this article, we explore the biology and characteristics of SNHGs and their role in developing human malignancies. In addition, we provide an update on the ability of these snoRNAs to serve as prognostic and diagnostic variables in various forms of cancer.

Unveiling the connection: Long-chain non-coding RNAs and critical signaling pathways in breast cancer

Breast cancer is a complex and diverse condition that disrupts multiple signaling pathways essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Recently, the significant involvement of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in controlling key signaling pathways associated with breast cancer development has been discovered. This review aims to explore the interaction between lncRNAs and various pathways, including the AKT/PI3K/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, DNA damage response, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, to gain a comprehensive understanding of their roles in breast cancer. The AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and metabolic function. Recent data suggests that specific lncRNAs can influence the functioning of this pathway, acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Dysregulation of this pathway is commonly observed in breast cancer cases. Moreover, breast cancer development has been associated with other pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and NF-κB. Emerging studies have identified lncRNAs that modulate breast cancer's growth, progression, and metastasis by interacting with these pathways. To advance the development of innovative diagnostic tools and targeted treatment options, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and vital signaling pathways in breast cancer. By fully harnessing the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs, there is a possibility of developing more effective and personalized therapy choices for breast cancer patients. Further investigation is necessary to comprehensively understand the role of lncRNAs within breast cancer signaling pathways and fully exploit their therapeutic potential.

Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.

LMX1B Activated Circular RNA GFRA1 Modulates the Tumorigenic Properties and Immune Escape of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer affecting men, with increasing global mortality and morbidity rates. Despite the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, patient outcomes remain poor, and novel therapeutic targets for PCa are urgently needed. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been studied in-depth as potential biomarkers for many diseases. In this study, circRNA microarrays using four pairs of PCa tissues were utilized to show that circGFRA1 was upregulated in PCa tumor tissues. CircGFRA1 is suggested to play an oncogene role in PCa progression as the silencing of circGFRA1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and immune escape activity of PCa cells. Furthermore, by utilizing bioinformatics analysis, RIP, RNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter assays, our results showed that LMX1B could bind to the GFRA1 promoter and regulate circGFRA1 expression in PCa cells and circGFRA1 upregulated HECTD1 expression through sponging miR-3064-5p. This novel LMX1B/circGFRA1/miR-3064-5p/HECTD1 axis identified in PCa provides new insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for PCa.

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 functions as a novel biomarker in liver cancer and other tumour progression

Cancer has become the most life-threatening disease in the world. Mutations in and aberrant expression of genes encoding proteins and mutations in noncoding RNAs, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have significant effects in human cancers. LncRNAs have no protein-coding ability but function extensively in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) is a novel lncRNA and has been reported to be differentially expressed in various tumors, such as liver cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma. However, the interaction mechanisms for the regulation between SNHG3 and tumor progression are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the results of SNHG3 studies in humans, animal models, and cells to underline the expression and role of SNHG3 in cancer. SNHG3 expression is upregulated in most tumors and is detrimental to patient prognosis. SNHG3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. Concurrently, SNHG3 affects oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms, including competing endogenous RNA effects. A deeper understanding of the contribution of SNHG3 in clinical applications and tumor development may provide a new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

ETS Proto-Oncogene 1-activated muskelin 1 antisense RNA drives the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting miR-22-3p to upregulate ETS Proto-Oncogene 1

Long noncoding RNA muskelin 1 antisense RNA (MKLN1-AS) acted as an oncogenic regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was performed to investigate the functional mechanism of MKLN1-AS. MKLN1-AS, microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) and ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 (ETS1) levels were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase-chain reaction. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. The target relation was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay. Cell proliferation ability was determined through cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and ethylenediurea assay. Angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed via transwell assay. In vivo research was conducted by xenograft tumor model in nude mice. MKLN1-AS was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. ETS1 promoted the ETS1 expression by binding to the 582–596 sites. Silence of MKLN1-AS suppressed cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. MKLN1-AS interacted with miR-22-3p in HCC cells. The function of MKLN1-AS downregulation was relieved by miR-22-3p inhibition in HCC cells. ETS1 was validated as a target of miR-22-3p, and MKLN1-AS upregulated the ETS1 expression by sponging miR-22-3p. Overexpression of miR-22-3p retarded HCC progression by downregulating the level of ETS1. Tumor growth in vivo was also enhanced by MKLN1-AS through the regulation of miR-22-3p/ETS1 axis. These data demonstrated that ETS1-mediated MKLN1-AS contributed to the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells via depending on the miR-22-3p/ETS1 regulatory axis.