Diosmetin inhibits apoptosis and activates AMPK-induced autophagy in myocardial damage under hypoxia environment

Diosmetin as a promising natural therapeutic agent: In vivo, in vitro mechanisms, and clinical studies

Diosmetin, a natural occurring flavonoid, is primarily found in citrus fruits, beans, and other plants. Diosmetin demonstrates a variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, metabolic regulation, cardiovascular function improvement, estrogenic effects, and others. The process of literature search was done using PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials databases with search terms containing Diosmetin, content, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, in vivo, and in vitro. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies of Diosmetin over the last decade, focusing on studies related to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. It is found that DIO has significant therapeutic effects on skin and cardiovascular system diseases, and its research in pharmacokinetics and toxicology is summarized. It provides the latest information for researchers and points out the limitations of current research and areas that should be strengthened in future research, so as to facilitate the relevant scientific research and clinical application of DIO.

Lanceolanone A, a new biflavanone, and a chalcone glucoside from the flower heads of Coreopsis lanceolata and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity and AMPK activation

The MeOH extract of the flower heads of Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Asteraceae) exhibited aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 8.36 µg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of a new biflavanone-named Lanceolanone A (1) and a chalcone glucoside (6), along with 12 known compounds (2-5 and 7-14), of which 4, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were isolated from C. lanceolata for the first time. The structures of the new compounds (1 and 6) were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and ECD calculation method. Compounds 2, 4, 11, 13, and 14 exhibited AR inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values between 2.40 and 9.99 µM. Furthermore, 8-13 at 1.0 mM activated AMPK expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells compared to the control.

Functional Teas from Penthorum chinense Pursh Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Impairment in Zebrafish via Modulating the AMPK/p62/Nrf2/mTOR Signaling Axis

Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP), a medicinal and edible plant, is widely used in many clinical liver diseases. Oxidative stress and autophagy impairment play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of PCP in attenuating ethanol-induced liver injury. The liver-specific transgenic zebrafish larvae (lfabp: EGFP) at three days post-fertilization (3 dpf) were treated with different concentrations of PCP (100, 50 and 25 μg/mL) for 48 h, after soaked in a 350 mM ethanol for 32 h. Whole-mount oil red O, H&E staining and biochemical kits were used to detect fatty liver function and fat accumulation, western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence were used to determine proteins expression, and RT-qPCR was used to further verify the related gene expression. PCP restored zebrafish liver function. Additionally, PCP (as dose-dependent) blocked the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviated liver fat accumulation and oxidative damage. PCP exerted its hepatoprotective function by downregulating the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), up-regulating the expression of nucleus factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (transferring to the nucleus), and attenuating systemic oxidative stress. Furthermore, PCP reduced the expression of sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1, p62), Atg13, and Beclin 1, up-regulating autophagy signaling pathway. Taken together, the molecular evidence that PCP protected the ethanol-induced hepatic oxidative stress and autophagy impairment through activating AMPK/p62/Nrf2/mTOR signaling axis.