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Singh S, Barik D, Arukha AP, Prasad S, Mohapatra I, Singh A, Singh G. Small Molecule Targeting Immune Cells: A Novel Approach for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 37892995 PMCID: PMC10604364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and cancer immunotherapies encompass diverse strategies to address various cancer types and stages. However, combining these approaches often encounters limitations such as non-specific targeting, resistance development, and high toxicity, leading to suboptimal outcomes in many cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is orchestrated by intricate interactions between immune and non-immune cells dictating tumor progression. An innovative avenue in cancer therapy involves leveraging small molecules to influence a spectrum of resistant cell populations within the TME. Recent discoveries have unveiled a phenotypically diverse cohort of innate-like T (ILT) cells and tumor hybrid cells (HCs) exhibiting novel characteristics, including augmented proliferation, migration, resistance to exhaustion, evasion of immunosurveillance, reduced apoptosis, drug resistance, and heightened metastasis frequency. Leveraging small-molecule immunomodulators to target these immune players presents an exciting frontier in developing novel tumor immunotherapies. Moreover, combining small molecule modulators with immunotherapy can synergistically enhance the inhibitory impact on tumor progression by empowering the immune system to meticulously fine-tune responses within the TME, bolstering its capacity to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review outlines strategies involving small molecules that modify immune cells within the TME, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Kazakova A, Sudarskikh T, Kovalev O, Kzhyshkowska J, Larionova I. Interaction of tumor‑associated macrophages with stromal and immune components in solid tumors: Research progress (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:32. [PMID: 36660926 PMCID: PMC9851132 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which belong to the innate immune system and regulate primary tumor growth, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis. The review discusses current knowledge of essential cell‑cell interactions of TAMs within the TME of solid tumors. It summarizes the mechanisms of stromal cell (including cancer‑associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells)‑mediated monocyte recruitment and regulation of differentiation, as well as pro‑tumor and antitumor polarization of TAMs. Additionally, it focuses on the perivascular TAM subpopulations that regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. It describes the possible mechanisms of reciprocal interactions of TAMs with other immune cells responsible for immunosuppression. Finally, it highlights the perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches to use combined cellular targets that include TAMs and other stromal and immune cells in the TME. The collected data demonstrated the importance of understanding cell‑cell interactions in the TME to prevent distant metastasis and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kazakova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Sudarskikh
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Kovalev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russian Federation
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3
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Li Q, Tie Y, Alu A, Ma X, Shi H. Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer: signaling pathways and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 36646686 PMCID: PMC9842704 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is malignant, genetically complex and difficult to treat and is the sixth most frequent cancer, with tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus being major risk factors. Based on epigenetic data, HNC is remarkably heterogeneous, and treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of significant improvement in survival and quality of life in patients with HNC. Over half of HNC patients experience locoregional recurrence or distal metastasis despite the current multiple traditional therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy. In addition, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some targeted therapies is common. Therefore, it is urgent to explore more effective and tolerable targeted therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of HNC patients. Recent targeted therapy studies have focused on identifying promising biomarkers and developing more effective targeted therapies. A well understanding of the pathogenesis of HNC contributes to learning more about its inner association, which provides novel insight into the development of small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the vital signaling pathways and discussed the current potential therapeutic targets against critical molecules in HNC, as well as presenting preclinical animal models and ongoing or completed clinical studies about targeted therapy, which may contribute to a more favorable prognosis of HNC. Targeted therapy in combination with other therapies and its limitations were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Rimal R, Desai P, Daware R, Hosseinnejad A, Prakash J, Lammers T, Singh S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Origin, function, imaging, and therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114504. [PMID: 35998825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several tumor types and play a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance via different mechanisms such as desmoplasia, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and cancer metabolism. Due to their abundance and significance in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, CAF are gaining attention as a diagnostic target as well as to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by their modulation. In this review, we highlight existing imaging techniques that are used for the visualization of CAF and CAF-induced fibrosis and provide an overview of compounds that are known to modulate CAF activity. Subsequently, we also discuss CAF-targeted and CAF-modulating nanocarriers. Finally, our review addresses ongoing challenges and provides a glimpse into the prospects that can spearhead the transition of CAF-targeted therapies from opportunity to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rimal
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prachi Desai
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rasika Daware
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aisa Hosseinnejad
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Section: Engineered Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Shah K, Mallik SB, Gupta P, Iyer A. Targeting Tumour-Associated Fibroblasts in Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908156. [PMID: 35814453 PMCID: PMC9258494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours develop within complex tissue environments consisting of aberrant oncogenic cancer cells, diverse innate and adaptive immune cells, along with structural stromal cells, extracellular matrix and vascular networks, and many other cellular and non-cellular soluble constituents. Understanding the heterogeneity and the complex interplay between these cells remains a key barrier in treating tumours and cancers. The immune status of the pre-tumour and tumour milieu can dictate if the tumour microenvironment (TME) supports either a pro-malignancy or an anti-malignancy phenotype. Identification of the factors and cell types that regulate the dysfunction of the TME is crucial in order to understand and modulate the immune status of tumours. Among these cell types, tumour-associated fibroblasts are emerging as a major component of the TME that is often correlated with poor prognosis and therapy resistance, including immunotherapies. Thus, a deeper understanding of the complex roles of tumour-associated fibroblasts in regulating tumour immunity and cancer therapy could provide new insight into targeting the TME in various human cancers. In this review, we summarize recent studies investigating the role of immune and key stromal cells in regulating the immune status of the TME and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting stromal cells, especially tumour-associated fibroblasts, within the TME as an adjuvant therapy to sensitize immunosuppressive tumours and prevent cancer progression, chemo-resistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairav Shah
- Alembic Discovery & Innovation, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Praveer Gupta
- Alembic Discovery & Innovation, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Alembic Discovery & Innovation, Alembic Pharmaceuticals, Hyderabad, India
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6
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Banik A, Sharma R, Chauhan A, Singh S. Cutting the umbilical cord: Cancer stem cell-targeted therapeutics. Life Sci 2022; 299:120502. [PMID: 35351466 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a notoriously quiescent subpopulation of cells within heterogeneous tumors exhibiting self-renewal, differentiation and drug-resistant capabilities leading to tumor relapse. Heterogeneous cell populations in tumor microenvironment develop an elaborate network of signalling and factors supporting the CSC population within a niche. Identification of specific biomarkers for CSCs facilitates their isolation. CSCs demonstrate abilities that bypass immune surveillance, exhibit resistance to therapy, and induce cancer recurrence while promoting altered metabolism of the bulk tumor, thereby encouraging metastasis. The fight against cancer is prone to relapse without discussing the issue of CSCs, making it imperative for encapsulation of current studies. In this review, we provide extensive knowledge of recent therapeutics developed that target CSCs via multiple signalling cascades, altered metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. Thorough understanding of the functioning of CSCs, their interaction with different cells in the tumor microenvironment as well as current gaps in knowledge are addressed. We present possible strategies to disrupt the cellular and molecular interplay within the tumor microenvironment and make it less conducive for CSCs, which may aid in their eradication with subsequently better treatment outcomes. In conclusion, we discuss a brief yet functional idea of emerging concepts in CSC biology to develop efficient therapeutics acting on cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Banik
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Chinna Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rishika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Akansha Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Sandhya Singh
- Amity Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
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7
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Mun JY, Leem SH, Lee JH, Kim HS. Dual Relationship Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864739. [PMID: 35464435 PMCID: PMC9019709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and is comprised of different components, including tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Among them, the relationship between each mediator involved in the construction of the TME can be understood by focusing on the secreting or expressing factors from each cells. Therefore, understanding the various interactions between each cellular component of the TME is necessary for precise therapeutic approaches. In carcinoma, stromal cells are well known to influence extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and tumor progression through multiple mediators. Immune cells respond to tumor cells by causing cytotoxicity or inflammatory responses. However, they are involved in tumor escape through immunoregulatory mechanisms. In general, anti-cancer therapy has mainly been focused on cancer cells themselves or the interactions between cancer cells and specific cell components. However, cancer cells directly or indirectly influence other TME partners, and members such as stromal cells and immune cells also participate in TME organization through their mutual communication. In this review, we summarized the relationship between stromal cells and immune cells in the TME and discussed the positive and negative relationships from the point of view of tumor development for use in research applications and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Mun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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8
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den bossche VV, Zaryouh H, Vara-Messler M, Vignau J, Machiels JP, Wouters A, Schmitz S, Corbet C. Microenvironment-driven intratumoral heterogeneity in head and neck cancers: clinical challenges and opportunities for precision medicine. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 60:100806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, with an annual incidence of 600,000 new cases. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the overall survival for HNSCC patients has not been significantly improved over the past several decades. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genomic alterations are frequently detected in HNSCC, including amplification, activating mutation, and chromosomal rearrangement. Among them, FGFR1 amplification, FGF amplifications, and FGFR3 mutations are the most prevalent. In addition, FGF/FGFR expression has also been observed in most HNSCCs. However, the prognostic value of FGF/FGFR aberrations remains unclear, especially for gene amplification and overexpression. Nonetheless, FGF/FGFR has been a promising target for HNSCC treatment, and recent preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of the combination treatment regimens involving FGFR inhibitors on HNSCC. Therefore, there are a number of FGFR inhibitors currently in clinical trials for the treatment of head and neck cancers.
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10
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Farlow JL, Brenner JC, Lei YL, Chinn SB. Immune deserts in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review of challenges and opportunities for modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105420. [PMID: 34218062 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy revolutionized cancer treatment but has yet to elicit durable responses in the majority of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC is generally characterized by a high tumor mutational burden, which has translated to a large neoantigen load that could prime the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. Studies are increasingly showing, however, that HNSCC is an "immune desert" tumor that can hijack multiple parts of the tumor immunity cycle in order to evade immune recognition and suppress immune system activation. Herein we will review how HNSCC tumors modulate their architecture, cellular composition, and cytokine milieu to maximize immunosuppression; as well as relevant therapeutic opportunities and emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Farlow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Heft Neal ME, Birkeland AC, Bhangale AD, Zhai J, Kulkarni A, Foltin SK, Jewell BM, Ludwig ML, Pinatti L, Jiang H, McHugh JB, Marentette L, McKean EL, Brenner JC. Genetic analysis of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma discovers recurrent SWI/SNF alterations and a novel PGAP3-SRPK1 fusion gene. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:636. [PMID: 34051734 PMCID: PMC8164750 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare and aggressive skull base tumor with poor survival and limited treatment options. To date, targeted sequencing studies have identified IDH2 and SMARCB1 as potential driver alterations, but the molecular alterations found in SMARCB1 wild type tumors are unknown. METHODS We evaluated survival outcomes in a cohort of 46 SNUC patients treated at an NCI designated cancer center and identify clinical and disease variables associated with survival on Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate survival analysis. We performed exome sequencing to characterize a series of SNUC tumors (n = 5) and cell line (MDA8788-6) to identify high confidence mutations, copy number alterations, microsatellite instability, and fusions. Knockdown studies using siRNA were utilized for validation of a novel PGAP3-SRPK1 gene fusion. RESULTS Overall survival analysis revealed no significant difference in outcomes between patients treated with surgery +/- CRT and CRT alone. Tobacco use was the only significant predictor of survival. We also confirmed previously published findings on IDH and SMARC family mutations and identified novel recurrent aberrations in the JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. We also validated a novel PGAP3-SRPK1 gene fusion in the SNUC cell line, and show that knockdown of the fusion is negatively associated with EGFR, E2F and MYC signaling. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data demonstrate recurrent alterations in the SWI/SNF family as well as IDH, JAK/STAT, and PI3K pathways and discover a novel fusion gene (PGAP3-SRPK1). These data aim to improve understanding of possible driver mutations and guide future therapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Apurva D Bhangale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Susan K Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Brittany M Jewell
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Lisa Pinatti
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lawence Marentette
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - Erin L McKean
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.
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12
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L. Michmerhuizen N, Wang J, Brenner J. Integrated Molecular Profiling as an Approach to Identify PI3K Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of drug resistance pathways and approaches to target these pathways remains a significant and important challenge in cancer biology. Here, we address this challenge in the context of ongoing efforts to advance phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors for the treatment of PI3K-aberrant cancers. While PI3K inhibitors have had tremendous success in some diseases, such as breast cancer, early clinical trials in other malignancies, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), have not had the same level of success. Since HNSCC and other cancers display relatively high PI3K pathway alteration rates (>45%), these underwhelming results suggest that additional or unexpected factors may contribute to the lower response rates. Here, we highlight some of the emerging functional genomic and sequencing approaches being used to identify predictive biomarkers of PI3K inhibitor response using both cancer cell lines and clinical trial specimens. Importantly, these approaches have uncovered both innate genetic and adaptive mechanisms driving PI3K inhibitor resistance. In this chapter, we describe recent technological advances that have revolutionized our understanding of PI3K inhibitor resistance pathways in HNSCC and highlight how these and other approaches lay the groundwork to make significant strides in our understanding of molecular pharmacology in the cancer field.
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Abstract
Non-communicable diseases contribute to 71% of the deaths worldwide, of which cancers rank second after cardiovascular diseases. Among all the cancers, head and neck cancers (HNC) are consequential in augmenting the global cancer incidence as well as mortality. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are emphatic for the matter that they serve as biomarkers aiding the analysis of tumor progression and metastasis as well as diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic progression in the patients. The extensive researches on HNC have made significant furtherance in numerous targeted therapies, but for the escalating therapeutic resistance. This review explicates RTKs in HNC, their signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis and stemness induction, the association of non-coding RNAs with RTKs, an overview of RTK based therapy and associated resistance in HNC, as well as a sneak peek into the HPV positive HNC and its therapy. The review extrapolates the cardinal role of RTKs and RTK based therapy as superior to other existing therapeutic interventions for HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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14
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Zhong Z, Hong M, Chen X, Xi Y, Xu Y, Kong D, Deng J, Li Y, Hu R, Sun C, Liang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals the link between lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and tumor immune microenvironment and overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:57. [PMID: 32228580 PMCID: PMC7104528 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the sixth most common cancer worldwide, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops visceral metastases during the advanced stage of the disease and exhibits a low five-year survival rate. The importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and metastasis is widely recognized. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in crosstalk between TME and tumor cells. However, the lncRNA-associated regulators modulating the HNSCC microenvironment and progression remain largely unknown. Methods The publicly available transcriptome data and matched clinical HNSCC data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune scores (ISs) and stromal scores (SSs) of HNSCC TME were calculated using ESTIMATE algorithm. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to determine the co-expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding mRNAs. Results Results showed that the high IS HNSCC male patient subgroup exhibited improved survival. Additionally, we identified 169 lncRNAs and 825 protein-coding mRNAs that were differentially expressed in high IS HNSCC samples, with the up-regulated mRNAs displaying enrichment in immune-related biological processes. Notably, we identified a high co-expression lncRNA-mRNA module (i.e., purple module) that showed strong correlation with ISs. This module contained 79 lncRNAs and 442 mRNAs, including 26 lncRNAs and 215 mRNAs showing association between expression and male HNSCC survival. Consistently, 207 of the 215 mRNAs were up-regulated in high IS HNSCC group and were enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. Based on bioinformatics analyses and previous functional assays, certain lncRNAs (e.g., AL365361.1 and PCED1B-AS1) in the purple module likely contributed to the modification of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the high IS HNSCC patients, achieved by regulating transcription of abundant immune-related genes (e.g., CCR7 and TLR8). Conclusions In summary, we ascertained a HNSCC male patient subgroup that displayed high ISs and good survival probability. We identified hundreds of genes with specific expression patterns in this HNSCC subgroup as well as a highly co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA module with great potential for the modulation of TIME of HNSCC. Our study provides evidence of a link between the lncRNA-associated gene network, TIME, and HNSCC progression, and highlights potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Xi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Section II, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Deyu Kong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanzheng Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Section II, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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15
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Zhong S, Jeong JH, Chen Z, Chen Z, Luo JL. Targeting Tumor Microenvironment by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:57-69. [PMID: 31785429 PMCID: PMC6909103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hypoxic, acidic, and immune/inflammatory cell–enriched milieu that plays crucial roles in tumor development, growth, progression, and therapy resistance. Targeting TME is an attractive strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. Conventional cancer chemotherapies are mostly designed to directly kill cancer cells, and the effectiveness is always compromised by their penetration and accessibility to cancer cells. Small-molecule inhibitors, which exhibit good penetration and accessibility, are widely studied, and many of them have been successfully applied in clinics for cancer treatment. As TME is more penetrable and accessible than tumor cells, a lot of efforts have recently been made to generate small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target TME or the components of TME or develop special drug-delivery systems that release the cytotoxic drugs specifically in TME. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent advances of small-molecule inhibitors that target TME for the tumor treatment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is an indispensable part of tumor and is an important therapeutic target. TME is more penetrable and accessible than tumor cell area. Small-molecule inhibitors that target TME are very promising. The target efficiency can be improved by specific deliver and release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwei Zhong
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ji-Hak Jeong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Zhikang Chen
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zihua Chen
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Jun-Li Luo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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16
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Oatmen KE, Cull E, Spinale FG. Heart failure as interstitial cancer: emergence of a malignant fibroblast phenotype. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:523-531. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Mai W, Chen M, Huang M, Zhong J, Chen J, Liu X, Deng J, Yang X, Ye W, Zhang R, Zhou Q, Zhang D. Targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor β inhibits the proliferation and motility of human pterygial fibroblasts. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:805-817. [PMID: 31385548 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1653281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pterygium, a common eye disease with high postoperative recurrence, lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Therefore, it's urgent to identify specific targets to develop rationally targeted molecular drugs for the pterygial therapy. Methods: The cell proliferation and motility were studied in both the primary human pterygial fibroblasts (hPFs) and an ex vivo pterygium model. hPFs transfected with the pCMV3-PDGFRB plasmid, PDGFRB siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system were used to determine the role of PDGFR-β in pterygial fibroblasts functions. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the expression of the key proteins. Results: PDGFR-β expression in the pterygial stroma and primary hPFs was significantly higher than that in the conjunctiva and human conjunctival fibroblasts. PDGF-BB promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of hPFs, which can be significantly suppressed by sunitinib via inhibition of the PDGFR-β/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. In the ex vivo model, the knockout of PDGFRB and sunitinib treatment blocked the proliferation and motility of fibroblasts in the pterygial stroma via the suppression of PDGFR-β/ERK pathway. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that PDGFR-β may be a potential therapeutic target for pterygium, and inhibition of PDGFR-β by sunitinib is a promising and effective approach for pterygium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Mai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Maohua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian Chen
- Eye Institute, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Juan Deng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rijia Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
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18
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Pang X, Tang YL, Liang XH. Transforming growth factor-β signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Insights into cellular responses. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4799-4806. [PMID: 30250544 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises in the oral cavity, salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and is characterized by high morbidity and metastasis rates. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a homodimeric protein known to be a multifunctional regulator in target cells and to serve a pivotal role in numerous types of cancer, including HNSCC. The role of TGF-β signaling in carcinogenesis can change from tumor-suppressing to tumor-promoting. In addition, TGF-β induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and restrains immune surveillance on malignant cells. In the present review, the effects of TGF-β signaling at a cellular level were discussed, which includes the regulation of tumor cells, immune cells and other stromal cells, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the conversion from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter in HNSCC. Further research is required to improve the understanding on how this network is involved in carcinogenesis, progression and metastases in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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19
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Kumar D, New J, Vishwakarma V, Joshi R, Enders J, Lin F, Dasari S, Gutierrez WR, Leef G, Ponnurangam S, Chavan H, Ganaden L, Thornton MM, Dai H, Tawfik O, Straub J, Shnayder Y, Kakarala K, Tsue TT, Girod DA, Van Houten B, Anant S, Krishnamurthy P, Thomas SM. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Drive Glycolysis in a Targetable Signaling Loop Implicated in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3769-3782. [PMID: 29769197 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite aggressive therapies, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a less than 50% 5-year survival rate. Late-stage HNSCC frequently consists of up to 80% cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). We previously reported that CAF-secreted HGF facilitates HNSCC progression; however, very little is known about the role of CAFs in HNSCC metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that CAF-secreted HGF increases extracellular lactate levels in HNSCC via upregulation of glycolysis. CAF-secreted HGF induced basic FGF (bFGF) secretion from HNSCC. CAFs were more efficient than HNSCC in using lactate as a carbon source. HNSCC-secreted bFGF increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and HGF secretion from CAFs. Combined inhibition of c-Met and FGFR significantly inhibited CAF-induced HNSCC growth in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.001). Our cumulative findings underscore reciprocal signaling between CAF and HNSCC involving bFGF and HGF. This contributes to metabolic symbiosis and a targetable therapeutic axis involving c-Met and FGFR.Significance: HNSCC cancer cells and CAFs have a metabolic relationship where CAFs secrete HGF to induce a glycolytic switch in HNSCC cells and HNSCC cells secrete bFGF to promote lactate consumption by CAFs. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3769-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jacob New
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Vikalp Vishwakarma
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Enders
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Fangchen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumana Dasari
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wade R Gutierrez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - George Leef
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hemantkumar Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lydia Ganaden
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mackenzie M Thornton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Hongying Dai
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jeffrey Straub
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kiran Kakarala
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Terance Ted Tsue
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Douglas A Girod
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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20
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Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Kapałczyńska M, Teresiak A, Zajączkowska M, Bliźniak R, Lamperska KM. Tumor microenvironment - Unknown niche with powerful therapeutic potential. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:143-153. [PMID: 29760589 PMCID: PMC5948324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are in a group of cancers that are the most resistant to treatment. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has been still very low since last 20 years. The existence of relationship between oncogenic and surrounding cells is probably the reason for a poor response to treatment. Fibroblasts are an important element of tumor stroma which increases tumor cells ability to proliferate. Another highly resistance, tumorigenic and metastatic cell population in tumor microenvironment are cancer initiating cells (CICs). The population of cancer initiating cells can be found regardless of differentiation status of cancer and they seem to be crucial for HNSCC development. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about HNSCC biological and physiological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Przybyła
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Kapałczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Zajączkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell cancers: News from clinical trials, emerging predictive factors and unmet needs. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 65:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Perdomo S, Anantharaman D, Foll M, Abedi-Ardekani B, Durand G, Reis Rosa LA, Holmila R, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Tajara EH, Wünsch-Filho V, Levi JE, Vilensky M, Polesel J, Holcatova I, Simonato L, Canova C, Lagiou P, McKay JD, Brennan P. Genomic analysis of head and neck cancer cases from two high incidence regions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191701. [PMID: 29377909 PMCID: PMC5788352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how somatic changes in HNSCC interact with environmental and host risk factors and whether they influence the risk of HNSCC occurrence and outcome. 180-paired samples diagnosed as HNSCC in two high incidence regions of Europe and South America underwent targeted sequencing (14 genes) and evaluation of copy number alterations (SCNAs). TP53, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, TP63 and CDKN2A were the most frequently mutated genes. Cases were characterized by a low copy number burden with recurrent focal amplification in 11q13.3 and deletion in 15q22. Cases with low SCNAs showed an improved overall survival. We found significant correlations with decreased overall survival between focal amplified regions 4p16, 10q22 and 22q11, and losses in 12p12, 15q14 and 15q22. The mutational landscape in our cases showed an association to both environmental exposures and clinical characteristics. We confirmed that somatic copy number alterations are an important predictor of HNSCC overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Perdomo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- Institute of Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Reetta Holmila
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Eloiza H. Tajara
- School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de SP Universidade de São Paulo- USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Simonato
- Laboratory of Public Health and Population Studies, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Laboratory of Public Health and Population Studies, Padova, Italy
| | | | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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23
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Metzler VM, Pritz C, Riml A, Romani A, Tuertscher R, Steinbichler T, Dejaco D, Riechelmann H, Dudás J. Separation of cell survival, growth, migration, and mesenchymal transdifferentiation effects of fibroblast secretome on tumor cells of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705507. [PMID: 29157176 PMCID: PMC6037299 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a central role in tumor invasion, recurrence, and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tumor cell self-produced factors and paracrine fibroblast–secreted factors in comparison to indirect co-culture on cancer cell survival, growth, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition using the cell lines SCC-25 and human gingival fibroblasts. Thereby, we particularly focused on the participation of the fibroblast-secreted transforming growth factor beta-1.Tumor cell self-produced factors were sufficient to ensure tumor cell survival and basic cell growth, but fibroblast-secreted paracrine factors significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition–related phenotype changes in tumor cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 generated individually migrating disseminating tumor cell groups or single cells separated from the tumor cell nest, which were characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression. At the same time, transforming growth factor beta-1 inhibited tumor cell proliferation under serum-starved conditions. Neutralizing transforming growth factor beta antibody reduced the cell migration support of fibroblast-conditioned medium. Transforming growth factor beta-1 as a single factor was sufficient for generation of disseminating tumor cells from epithelial tumor cell nests, while other fibroblast paracrine factors supported tumor nest outgrowth. Different fibroblast-released factors might support tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as two separate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Maria Metzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Pritz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Riml
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Romani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Tuertscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Steinbichler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Eze N, Lo YC, Burtness B. Biomarker driven treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer. CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2017; 2:6. [PMID: 31093353 PMCID: PMC6460531 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-017-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Treatment modalities of head and neck squamous cell cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibition. Treatment is often toxic and can affect long-term function and quality of life. In this context, identification of biomarker data that can help tailor therapy on an individualized basis and reduce treatment-related toxicity would be highly beneficial. A variety of predictive biomarkers have been discovered and are already utilized in clinical practice, while many more are being explored. We will review p16 overexpression as a surrogate biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer and plasma EBV DNA as a biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the two established biomarkers currently utilized in clinical practice. We will also examine novel predictive biomarkers that are in clinical development and may shape the future landscape of targeted head and neck cancer therapy. These emerging biomarkers include the tyrosine kinases and their signaling pathway, immune checkpoint biomarkers, tumor suppressor abnormalities, and molecular predictors of hypoxia-targeted therapy. We will also look at futuristic biomarkers including detection of circulating DNA from clinical specimens and rapid tumor profiling. We will highlight the ongoing effort that will see a shift from prognostic to predictive biomarker development in head and neck cancer with the goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy. Trial registration N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Eze
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, Room WWW-221, P.O. Box 208028, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Ying-Chun Lo
- 2Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- 3Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT USA
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25
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Hierro C, Rodon J, Tabernero J. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor/FGF Inhibitors: Novel Targets and Strategies for Optimization of Response of Solid Tumors. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:801-19. [PMID: 26615127 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway plays a major role in several biological processes, from organogenesis to metabolism homeostasis and angiogenesis. Several aberrations, including gene amplifications, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations have been described across solid tumors. Most of these molecular alterations promote multiple steps of carcinogenesis in FGFR oncogene-addicted cells, increasing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Data suggest that upregulation of FGFR signaling is a common event in many cancer types. The FGFR pathway thus arises as a potential promising target for cancer treatment. Several FGFR inhibitors are currently under development. Initial preclinical results have translated into limited successful clinical responses when first-generation, nonspecific FGFR inhibitors were evaluated in patients. The future development of selective and unselective FGFR inhibitors will rely on a better understanding of the tissue-specific role of FGFR signaling and identification of biomarkers to select those patients who will benefit the most from these drugs. Further studies are warranted to establish the predictive significance of the different FGFR-aberrations and to incorporate them into clinical algorithms, now that second-generation, selective FGFR inhibitors exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Hierro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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The challenge of blocking a wider family members of EGFR against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:423-30. [PMID: 25753560 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent 95% of head and neck cancer with an incidence of over half a million people globally. The prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is generally poor with low 5-year survival rates despite treatment advances over the past few decades. Consequently, it is essential to search for new biomarkers and effective therapy options to optimize HNSCC treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of tumours. EGFR has become one of most common targets for new therapies being investigated in HNSCC. In this way, multiple therapies targeting EGFR in HNSCC have been tested but response rates are still low especially in the recurrent or metastatic setting. This has been attributed to mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies. Afatinib, an oral small molecule ErbB Family Blocker that irreversibly binds to ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2) and ErbB4 (HER4), is being investigated in HNSCC treatment with encouraging phase II results and several ongoing phase III trials. Results of these trials will help to understand the place of afatinib in the HNSCC treatment armamentarium.
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Lee CK, Lee ME, Lee WS, Kim JM, Park KH, Kim TS, Lee KY, Ahn JB, Chung HC, Rha SY. Dovitinib (TKI258), a multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, is effective regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 5:72-86. [PMID: 25628921 PMCID: PMC4300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine whether KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells exhibit distinct sensitivities to the multi-target angiokinase inhibitor, TKI258 (dovitinib). MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened 10 CRC cell lines by using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array to identify activated RTKs. MTT assays, anchorage-independent colony-formation assays, and immunoblotting assays were performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of TKI258. In vivo efficacy study followed by pharmacodynamic evaluation was done. RESULTS Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR3 were among the most highly activated RTKs in CRC cell lines. In in vitro assays, the BRAF mutant HT-29 cells were more resistant to the TKI258 than the KRAS mutant LoVo cells. However, in xenograft assays, TKI258 equally delayed the growth of tumors induced by both cell lines. TUNEL assays showed that the apoptotic index was unchanged following TKI258 treatment, but staining for Ki-67 and CD31 was substantially reduced in both xenografts, implying an anti-angiogenic effect of the drug. TKI258 treatment was effective in delaying CRC tumor growth in vivo regardless of the KRAS and BRAF mutation status. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify FGFRs as potential targets in CRC treatment and suggest that combined targeting of multiple RTKs with TKI258 might serve as a novel approach to improve outcome of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Myung Eun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Kang Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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Kang H, Kiess A, Chung CH. Emerging biomarkers in head and neck cancer in the era of genomics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 12:11-26. [PMID: 25403939 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) broadly includes carcinomas arising from the mucosal epithelia of the head and neck region as well as various cell types of salivary glands and the thyroid. As reflected by the multiple sites and histologies of HNC, the molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of this disease vary widely. In this Review, we focus on established and emerging biomarkers that are most relevant to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which includes primary sites in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Applications and limitations of currently established biomarkers are discussed along with examples of successful biomarker development. For emerging biomarkers, preclinical or retrospective data are also described in the context of recently completed comprehensive molecular analyses of HNSCC, which provide a broad genetic landscape and molecular classification beyond histology and clinical characteristics. We will highlight the ongoing effort that will see a shift from prognostic to predictive biomarker development in HNC with the goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
| | - Ana Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- 1] Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA. [2] Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB-1 Room 344, Baltimore, MD 21287-0013, USA
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Wang J, Min A, Gao S, Tang Z. Genetic regulation and potentially therapeutic application of cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:323-34. [PMID: 23782231 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Anjie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Department of Molecular Biology; University of Aarhus; Aarhus C Denmark
- School of Stomatology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
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Leef G, Thomas SM. Molecular communication between tumor-associated fibroblasts and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:381-6. [PMID: 23357526 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, it has become increasingly clear that the lethality of cancers depends on more than the malignant cells themselves. The environment those malignant cells are exposed to is just as important a determinant of their behavior. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is both common and deadly. It is the 6th most frequently occurring cancers, and prognosis is still generally poor. Recent evidence indicates that activated fibroblasts residing within the tumor stroma play a significant role in promoting the aggressive spread often seen in head and neck cancer. Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) have also been implicated in facilitating angiogenesis and suppressing the normal anti-tumor function of immune cells. Studying the signaling molecules involved in these processes will facilitate the development of promising targets and inhibitors to prevent tumor-associated fibroblasts from exerting their reinforcing effects on the tumor. In this article, we review the recent literature on the signals used in tumor associated fibroblast communication, with a focus on potential therapeutic targets. Further, we highlight the lead candidates for TAF-targeted therapeutic interventions. Future anti-cancer strategies may achieve better results than current approaches by targeting the support cells in tumor stroma in addition to the cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Leef
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, USA
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31
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Koontongkaew S. The tumor microenvironment contribution to development, growth, invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Cancer 2013; 4:66-83. [PMID: 23386906 PMCID: PMC3564248 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex tissue that contains tumor cells and the surrounding stroma, which is populated by different types of mesenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collectively, they are referred to as the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have shown that TME has a more profound influence on the growth and metastasis of HNSCC than was previously appreciated. Because carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are frequently observed in the stroma of the tumor, this review focuses on the potential role of tumor-CAFs interactions in progression of HNSCC. Tumor-CAFs crosstalk enhances the production of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inflammatory mediators, which eventually facilitates tumor growth. In fact, factors and cells that do not support tumor growth are usually down regulated or mitigated in TME. Therefore TME may determine the fate of the tumors at the site of invasion and metastasis. For tumor cells that survive at these sites, stromal activation may serve to establish a supportive tumor stroma, fostering the outgrowth of the metastatic cells. The concept of tumor-stromal interactions and microenvironmental niche has profound consequences in tumor growth and metastasis and therefore, it's understanding will open up new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittichai Koontongkaew
- 1. Oral Biology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Prathumtani 12121, Thailand ; 2. Medicinal Herb Research Unit, Thammasat University, Thailand
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Bioactive phytochemical proanthocyanidins inhibit growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting multiple signaling molecules. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46404. [PMID: 23050025 PMCID: PMC3458881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical and medical therapies, approximate 50% survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has had marginal improvement in the last 30 years. Therefore, alternative strategies are required for the management of HNSCC. Here, we report the chemotherapeutic effect of proanthocyanidins on HNSCC cells using in vitro and in vivo models. Treatment of human HNSCC cell lines from different sub-sites, such as oral cavity (SCC1), larynx (SCC5), tongue (OSC19) and pharynx (FaDu), with grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) reduced their cell viability and induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GSPs induced inhibition of cell viability was associated with: (i) G1-phase arrest, (ii) inhibition of expressions of cyclins (cyclin D1 and Cyclin D2) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), (iii) increased expression of the Cdk inhibitory proteins (Cip1/p21, Kip1/p27), enhanced binding of Cdk inhibitors to Cdks, and downregulation of E2F transcription factor. GSPs significantly (P<0.05−0.001) increased apoptosis of SCC1 and OSC19 cells with induction of Bax, reduced expression of Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-3. GSPs also reduced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and treatment of SCC1 cells with erlotinib, an EGFR-targeting small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P<0.05−0.001) reduced cell viability and increased cell death. Dietary administration of GSPs (0.5%, w/w) in supplementation with AIN76A control diet inhibited the growth of SCC1 tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice, which was associated with: (i) inhibition of cell proliferation, (ii) induction of apoptosis of tumor xenograft cells, (iii) decreased expression of cyclins and Cdks, (iv) decreased expression of EGFR, and (v) increased expression of Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27 proteins and their increased binding to Cdks in tumor xenograft samples. Together, these results suggest that GSPs may be a promising candidate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapy.
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