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Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Gaździcka J, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Nowak-Chmura M, Asman M, Komosińska-Vassev K, Ścierski W, Golusiński W, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. The Analysis of Selected miRNAs and Target MDM2 Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3053. [PMID: 38002053 PMCID: PMC10668942 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs could play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. The oncoprotein MDM2 (murine double minute 2) was identified as a negative regulator of the tumour suppressor p53. This study aims to analyse the expression of the MDM2 target miRNA candidates (miR-3613-3p, miR-371b-5p and miR-3658) and the MDM2 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumour and margin samples and their association with the selected socio-demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. The study group consisted of 50 patients. The miRNAs and MDM2 gene expression levels were assessed by qPCR. The expression analysis of the miRNAs showed the expression of only one of them, i.e., miR-3613-3p. We found no statistically significant differences in the miR-3613-3p expression in tumour samples compared to the margin samples. When analysing the effect of smoking on miR-3613-3p expression, we demonstrated a statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. In addition, we showed an association between the miR-3613-3p expression level and some clinical parameters in tumour samples (T, N and G). Our study demonstrates that miR-3613-3p overexpression is involved in the tumour progression of OSCC. This indicates that miR-3613-3p possesses potential prognostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowak-Chmura
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracov, Podbrzezie 3 St., 31-054 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ścierski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Świętek A, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Gaździcka J, Biernacki K, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. The Potential Association between E2F2, MDM2 and p16 Protein Concentration and Selected Sociodemographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3268-3278. [PMID: 37185737 PMCID: PMC10137059 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2), murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p16 are some of the key proteins associated with the control of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate E2F2, MDM2 and p16 concentrations in the tumour and margin samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to assess their association with some selected sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. METHODS The study group consisted of 73 patients. Protein concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of E2F2, MDM2 or p16 in the tumour samples as compared to the margin specimens. We found that patients with N0 showed significantly lower E2F2 concentrations than patients with N1 in the tumour samples and the median protein concentration of E2F2 was higher in HPV-negative patients in the tumour samples. Moreover, the level of p16 in the margin samples was lower in alcohol drinkers as compared to non-drinkers. Similar observations were found in concurrent drinkers and smokers compared to non-drinkers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS E2F2 could potentially promote tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, our results showed a differential level of the analysed proteins in response to alcohol consumption and the HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Świętek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesia LabMed Research and Implementation Centre, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Świętek A, Gaździcka J, Dąbrowska N, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. miR-125b-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p and Target E2F2 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076320. [PMID: 37047293 PMCID: PMC10094498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that E2F2 (E2F transcription factor 2) plays an important role as controller in the cell cycle. This study aimed to analyse the expression of the E2F2 gene and E2F2 protein and demonstrate E2F2 target microRNAs (miRNAs) candidates (miR-125b-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumour and margin samples. The study group consisted 50 patients. The E2F2 gene and miRNAs expression levels were assessed by qPCR, while the E2F2 protein was assessed by ELISA. When analysing the effect of miRNAs expression on E2F2 gene expression and E2F2 protein level, we observed no statistically significant correlations. miR-125b-5p was downregulated, while miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p were upregulated in tumour samples compared to margin. We observed a difference between the miR-125b-5p expression level in smokers and non-smokers in margin samples. Furthermore, HPV-positive individuals had a significantly higher miR-125b-5p and miR-214-5p expression level compared to HPV-negative patients in tumour samples. The study result showed that the E2F2 gene is not the target for analysed miRNAs in OSCC. Moreover, miR-155-3p and miR-125b-5p could play roles in the pathogenesis of OSCC. A differential expression of the analysed miRNAs was observed in response to tobacco smoke and HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesia LabMed Research and Implementation Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Dąbrowska
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Gołąbek K, Rączka G, Gaździcka J, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Krakowczyk Ł, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Expression Profiles of CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123011. [PMID: 36551770 PMCID: PMC9775533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most commonly detected neoplasms worldwide. Not all mechanisms associated with cell cycle disturbances are known in OSCC. Examples of genes involved in the control of the cell cycle are CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF mRNA expression and influence on clinical variables. METHODS The study group consisted of 88 Polish patients. The gene expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS We found no statistically significant differences in the expression level of CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF genes in tumour samples compared to margin samples. No association was found between the gene expression levels and clinical parameters, except E2F2. The patients with G2 tumours had a significantly higher gene expression level of E2F2 than patients with low-grade G1 tumours. CONCLUSIONS We have not demonstrated that a change in expression profiles of genes has a significant impact on the pathogenesis of OSCC. It may also be useful to conduct further studies on the use of E2F2 expression profile changes as a factor to describe the invasiveness and dynamics of OSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Rączka
- Department of Forest Management Planning, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 71 C Wojska Polskiego Str., 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krakowczyk
- Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 15 Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and mRNA Expression of LTF in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112085. [PMID: 36360322 PMCID: PMC9690716 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancers worldwide. LTF arrests the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. This study is the first that has aimed to determine the possible association between the LTF polymorphisms (rs2073495, rs1126478, rs34827868, rs1042073, rs4637321, rs2239692 and rs10865941), the mRNA LTF expression, the risk of OSCC and the influence on the TNM staging and histological grading. This study was composed of 176 Polish patients, including 88 subjects diagnosed with OSCC and 88 healthy individuals. QuantStudio Design and Analysis Software v1.5.1 was used for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and mRNA LTF expression. The G/G genotype of rs2073495 and the G/G genotype of rs4637321 were linked, with an increased risk of OSCC. There were no significant influences between the TNM staging and the histological grading and the LTF genotype. We found no statistically significant dissimilarities in the expression level of LTF genes in the tumour and margin specimens. No association was found between the gene expression levels, the other parameters or LTF polymorphisms in the tumour and margin samples. In conclusion, rs2073495 and rs4637321 polymorphisms may affect the risk of OSCC. These results should be validated on larger and different cohorts to better comprehend the role of the LTF gene in OSCC.
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Hurrell MJL, Low TH(H, Ebrahimi A, Veness M, Ashford B, Porceddu S, Clark JR. Evolution of Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nodal Staging—An Australian Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205101. [PMID: 36291884 PMCID: PMC9600647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Australia has the highest incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNcSCC) in the world. Although the majority of HNcSCCs are cured by simple surgical excision, those that spread to lymph nodes require aggressive and debilitating surgery in conjunction with radiation therapy, with a significant risk of treatment failure and subsequent loss of life. Cancer staging is critical to guide prognosis, treatment (to maximise disease control and minimise morbidity), and for research. Australian institutions have been at the forefront of prognostication for HNcSCC with lymph node spread. Despite this, the search for a well performing staging system is ongoing. This review chronologically explores and summarises the Australian contribution to date and highlights the ongoing challenges. Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNcSCC) is one of the commonest malignancies. When patients present with regional metastatic disease, treatment escalation results in considerable morbidity and survival is markedly reduced. Owing to the high incidence, Australian institutions have been at the forefront of advocating for reliable, accurate, and clinically useful staging systems that recognise the distinct biological characteristics of HNcSCC. As a result, an extensive body of literature has been produced over the past two decades, which has defined critical prognostic factors, critiqued existing staging systems, and proposed alternative staging models. Notwithstanding, a suitable staging system has proved elusive. The goal of cancer staging is to group patients according to cancer characteristics for which survival differs between groups (distinctiveness), consistently decreases with increasing stage (monotonicity), and is similar within a group (homogeneity). Despite implementing major changes based on published data, the latest edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual fails to satisfy these fundamental requirements. This review chronologically explores and summarises the Australian contribution to prognostication and nodal staging of HNcSCC and highlights the ongoing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. L. Hurrell
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tsu-Hui (Hubert) Low
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Veness
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW 2502, Australia
| | - Sandro Porceddu
- Radiation Oncology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Selected E2F2 Polymorphisms in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8098130. [PMID: 33860054 PMCID: PMC8024082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8098130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are subgroups of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. E2F Transcription Factor 2 (E2F2) could contribute to cancer development, because it plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage response, and cell death. In the current study, we assessed the associations of five E2F2 polymorphisms (rs6667575, rs3218121, rs3218211, rs3218148, and rs3218203) with OSCC and OPSCC and influence on the TNM staging and grading. This is the first such survey to concern the European population. The study included 94 primary tumour samples following surgical resection from patients, whereas the control group consisted of 99 healthy individuals. We tried a matching of cases and controls for age and sample size. DNA samples were genotyped by employing the 5′ nuclease assay for allelic discrimination. Our results suggested that the most significant difference between the control group and the cancer group was the A/G heterozygote for rs3218121. Samples containing this genotype were mostly found in the control group. In our samples, rs6667575, rs3218121, rs3218211, and rs3218148 polymorphisms may affect the course of OSCC and OPSCC, while rs3218203 was not associated with OSCC and OPSCC. However, further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Luk PP, Ebrahimi A, Veness MJ, McDowell L, Magarey M, Gao K, Palme CE, Clark JR, Gupta R. Prognostic value of the 8th edition American Joint Commission Cancer nodal staging system for patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-institutional study. Head Neck 2020; 43:558-567. [PMID: 33118253 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual (AJCC8) introduced a separate staging system for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) which parallels mucosal SCC and incorporates extranodal extension (ENE). This study aims to evaluate its prognostic utility. METHODS Univariate analysis of 1146 patients with metastatic HNcSCC from four Australian cancer centers was performed according to both AJCC 7th (AJCC7) and the 8th editions. RESULTS AJCC8 increased classification of 924 (80.6%) patients to either pN2a or pN3b and 341 patients (29.8%) from stage III to IV compared to AJCC7. The disease-specific survival (DSS) was not significantly different between pN1, pN2 or pN3a categories per AJCC8. Estimates of model performance for the AJCC8 pN staging revealed modest predictive capacity (Harrell's C of 0.62 for DSS). CONCLUSIONS The risk stratification according to pN classification of AJCC8 staging system performed poorly as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Luk
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael J Veness
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lachlan McDowell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Magarey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kan Gao
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carsten E Palme
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hasmat S, Ebrahimi A, Luk PP, Low T(H, McDowell L, Magarey MJR, Veness M, Gupta R, Clark J. Positive survival trend in metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma over four‐decades: Multicenter study. Head Neck 2019; 41:3826-3832. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Hasmat
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Western Sydney Clinical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryLiverpool Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Peter P. Luk
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Western Sydney Clinical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) Low
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Lachlan McDowell
- Department of Radiation OncologyPeter McCollum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew J. R. Magarey
- Department of Surgical OncologyPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Veness
- Department of Radiation OncologyCrown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Clark JR, Low H, Gupta R. Cancer staging for rare cancers: should the American Joint Committee on Cancer have a separate staging classification for external auditory canal cancer? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S12. [PMID: 31032293 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Robert Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse at RPA, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hubert Low
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Alam M, Armstrong A, Baum C, Bordeaux JS, Brown M, Busam KJ, Eisen DB, Iyengar V, Lober C, Margolis DJ, Messina J, Miller A, Miller S, Mostow E, Mowad C, Nehal K, Schmitt-Burr K, Sekulic A, Storrs P, Teng J, Yu S, Huang C, Boyer K, Begolka WS, Bichakjian C, Kim JYS, Kozlow JH, Mittal B, Moyer J, Olenecki T, Rodgers P. Guidelines of care for the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:560-578. [PMID: 29331386 PMCID: PMC6652228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of human cancer and has an increasing annual incidence. Although most cSCC is cured with office-based therapy, advanced cSCC poses a significant risk for morbidity, impact on quality of life, and death. This document provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients with cSCC. Topics addressed include biopsy techniques and histopathologic assessment, tumor staging, surgical and nonsurgical management, follow-up and prevention of recurrence, and management of advanced disease. The primary focus of these recommendations is on evaluation and management of primary cSCC and localized disease, but where relevant, applicability to recurrent cSCC is noted, as is general information on the management of patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alam
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | | | | | | | - Marc Brown
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester
| | | | - Daniel B. Eisen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | | | - David J. Margolis
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Jane Messina
- Departments of Pathology, University of South Florida
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegrid Yu
- Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center, University of California San Francisco
| | - Conway Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham
| | - Kevin Boyer
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, IL
| | | | | | - John Y. S. Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Jeffrey H. Kozlow
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Bharat Mittal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Jeffrey Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Plastic/Head/Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Thomas Olenecki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Phillip Rodgers
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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12
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Vasan K, Low THH, Gupta R, Ashford B, Asher R, Gao K, Ch'ng S, Palme CE, Clark JR. Lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor in metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:993-999. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Vasan
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District; Sydney Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
| | - Tsu-Hui Hubert Low
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
- Central Clinical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Central Clinical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Sydney Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI); Wollongong Australia
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD); Wollongong Australia
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT); Liverpool Australia
| | - Rebecca Asher
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
| | - Kan Gao
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
| | - Sydney Ch'ng
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
- Central Clinical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Carsten E. Palme
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
- Central Clinical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District; Sydney Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse; Sydney Australia
- Central Clinical School; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- South West Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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13
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Moeckelmann N, Ebrahimi A, Dirven R, Liu J, Low TH, Gupta R, Ashford B, Ch’ng S, Palme CE, Clark JR. Analysis and Comparison of the 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Nodal Staging System in Cutaneous and Oral Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:1730-1736. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Liu J, Ebrahimi A, Low THH, Gao K, Palme CE, Sydney C, Ashford BG, Iyer NG, Clark JR, Gupta R. Predictive value of the 8th edition American Joint Commission Cancer (AJCC) nodal staging system for patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol 2017; 117:765-772. [PMID: 29049841 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC8) provides the same nodal staging system for mucosal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNcSCC) and includes extranodal extension (ENE) as an adverse prognostic criterion. This study evaluates the prognostic efficacy of the AJCC8 pathologic nodal staging system (pN) for HNcSCC. METHODS Univariate analysis of 382 patients with metastatic HNcSCC staged according to both the 7th (AJCC7) and the 8th edition staging systems. RESULTS The AJCC7 pN3 category was associated with reduced disease specific survival (DSS HR 5.49; 95% CI: 1.83-16.53; P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS HR 3.42; 95% CI: 1.54-7.58; P = 0.002) as compared with pN1. However, no difference was observed between pN1, pN2, and pN3 categories as defined by the AJCC8. Also, when comparing Stages III and IV as defined by AJCC8, there was no difference in DSS (HR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.34-1.67; P = 0.478) or OS (HR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.51-1.51; P = 0.648). CONCLUSION The AJCC8 performed poorly as a prognostic indicator for patients with metastatic HNcSCC in this cohort. HNcSCC would benefit from a staging system that accounts for its unique biologic characteristics distinct from mucosal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South West Clinical School, University of NSW, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsu-Hui Hubert Low
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kan Gao
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carsten E Palme
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ch'ng Sydney
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce G Ashford
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Head and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan R Clark
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South West Clinical School, University of NSW, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Strzelczyk JK, Gołąbek K, Cuber P, Krakowczyk Ł, Owczarek AJ, Fronczek M, Choręża P, Hudziec E, Ostrowska Z. Comparison of Selected Protein Levels in Tumour and Surgical Margin in a Group of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer. Biochem Genet 2017; 55:322-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Hirshoren N, Danne J, Dixon BJ, Magarey M, Kleid S, Webb A, Tiong A, Corry J, Gyorki D. Prognostic markers in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2017; 39:772-778. [PMID: 28199044 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minority of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with node-positive head and neck cutaneous SCC who underwent lymphadenectomy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective single center study using the Kaplan-Meier method for the investigation of the overall survival (OS) and locoregional control rates. The Cox proportional hazards model was evaluated to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS The median number of positive lymph nodes from 149 lymphadenectomies was 2 in the neck and 1 in the parotid gland. The 5-year OS and locoregional control rates were 50% and 77%, respectively. OS was worse among older patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; p = .015), immunosuppressed patients (HR, 2.06; p = .034), and patients with a high total lymph node ratio (calculated from the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of nodes; multivariate analysis [MVA]; HR, 1.13; p = .019). CONCLUSION Low total lymph node ratio is associated with improved outcomes in node-positive head and neck cutaneous SCC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 772-778, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Hirshoren
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Danne
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin John Dixon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Magarey
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Kleid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Webb
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Albert Tiong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - June Corry
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Gyorki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Cheng J, Yan S. Prognostic variables in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a review. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 43:994-1004. [PMID: 27404896 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a growing public health problem in the United States. A subset of high-risk SCC exhibits a more aggressive clinical trajectory including increased local recurrence and lymph node metastasis. However, there are no universally accepted criteria to help define and manage these patients. This review provides an overview of the high-risk features of cutaneous SCC, prognostic stratification of various staging systems and treatment options. It further examines the prognostic factors influencing the staging of cutaneous head and neck SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Cheng
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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18
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Tseros EA, Gebski V, Morgan GJ, Veness MJ. Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Ratio in Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:1693-8. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-5070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Karia PS, Ruiz ES, Schmults CD. Staging and Management of High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-015-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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