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Pradhan P, Mishra A, Preetam C, Parida PK, Sarkar S, Samal DK, Samal S. Exclusive Endoscopic Approach in the Management of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:785-792. [PMID: 37206813 PMCID: PMC10188869 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the advancement in endoscopic endonasal surgeries, there has been a change in the surgical approach from the traditional open surgeries to the more conservative endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma. In the present study, we have shared our experience of endoscopic excision inverted papilloma involving the paranasal sinuses in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective case series of 28 patients who underwent endoscopic excision of inverted papilloma of paranasal sinus in a tertiary care hospital from April 2017 to October 2020. The medical records were retrospectively analyzed for the clinical, radiological, pathological, intraoperative and postoperative findings and later compared among the surgical approaches. Results: Of the total of 28 patients with inverted papilloma (3; Krouse 2 and 25; Krouse 3), 11(21.4%) patients were operated through endoscopic modified Denker, 8(39.3%) patients with endoscopic medial maxillectomy and 6(21.4%) patients with endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients who underwent modified endoscopic approach had lesser complications compared to the standard endoscopic procedures. Conclusion: Endoscopic excision of the sinonasal inverted papilloma can be a valid alternative to the open surgical approach, enabling complete clearance of the disease with a minimal complication rate. A large population with a long-term follow-up may be needed for a better understanding of the results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03332-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Pradhan
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Abhijeet Mishra
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - C. Preetam
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | | | - Saurav Sarkar
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Dillip Kumar Samal
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
| | - Swagatika Samal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019 India
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Li L, Chen X. Advances in Endoscopic Surgical Approaches for Sinonasal Tumors. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-023-00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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3
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Liu D, Jang S, Suh JD, Borrelli M, Nasrollahi T, Raskin J, Ference EH. Retained Dental Implant in the Maxillary Sinus. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022; 101:6S-11S. [PMID: 35968734 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant dentistry has become a popularized means of replacing damaged or missing teeth. Although it has become common practice, there are accounts of implants displacing into surrounding structures, commonly the maxillary sinus. We present the case of a 54-year-old man who presented with chronic left sided pain and pressure found to be secondary to a displaced implant obstructing the left maxillary outflow sinus tract. A systematic review was conducted to assess the current management and treatment options for dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and the lateral window approach were both found to be safe techniques with minimal postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 8788University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 8784University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michela Borrelli
- 22494Cedars Sinai Sinus Center of Excellence, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasha Nasrollahi
- 22494Cedars Sinai Sinus Center of Excellence, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Raskin
- Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,William Beaumont School of Medicine, 6918Oakland University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elisabeth H Ference
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12223Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McCormick JP, Suh JD, Wang EW, DeConde AS, Wang MB, Yang HH, Carle TR, Wung V, Lee JT. Modified Endoscopic Denker's Approach for Management of Anterior Maxillary Sinus Tumors: Multicenter Series of 58 Cases. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:763-772. [PMID: 35791572 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumors involving the anterior portion of the maxillary sinus remain technically challenging to access via an endoscopic approach. The modified endoscopic Denker's (MED) procedure was recently introduced to address such lesions. We present a multicenter series of 58 patients with tumors involving the anterior maxillary sinus successfully resected using a MED procedure and present the clinical outcomes and complications. METHODS A multi-institution retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent the MED approach for the management of tumors involving the anterior maxillary sinus from 2009 to 2020. Demographic data, pathology, surgical outcomes, and complications were reviewed. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were identified, including 34 (58.6%) male and 24 (41.4%) female patients. The most common pathologies included: inverted papilloma (n = 27; 46.6%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 9; 15.5%), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8; 13.8%). Thirty-eight patients (65.5%) underwent MED alone, while 20 (34.5%) had combined expanded endonasal approaches for lesions extending beyond the maxillary sinus. All maxillary sinus lesions were successfully accessed with the MED procedure without the need for an additional approach. After a mean follow-up of 30 months (range, 1-127), 8 of 58 (13.8%) patients developed complications related to the MED, including epiphora requiring an additional procedure (n = 4; 6.9%), prolonged facial/palatal numbness (n = 3; 5.2%), severe epistaxis (n = 1; 1.7%), and vestibular stenosis (n = 1; 1.7%), the latter of which occurred following postoperative radiation. CONCLUSION The MED procedure is a safe and highly effective approach for benign and malignant tumors involving the anterior maxillary sinus. However, patients should be counseled preoperatively on potential complications including the risk of facial numbness and epiphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P McCormick
- Department of Otolaryngology, 25044Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam S DeConde
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hong-Ho Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taylor R Carle
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vivian Wung
- 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jivianne T Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 12222David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Assessment of Lacrimal Duct Patency in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020245. [PMID: 33445480 PMCID: PMC7827647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The risk of epiphora after medial maxillectomy with lacrimal duct transection is difficult to assess. The data available in the literature are inconclusive due to various operating techniques used by the authors of medical publications, different additional procedures aimed at improving tear drainage after maxillectomy, and a variety of lacrimal duct patency assessment techniques. The aim of our work was to assess the anatomical and functional patency of lacrimal ducts after medial maxillectomy without performing additional procedures to improve tear drainage as well as comparison of the results obtained with different assessment tests. Materials and methods: 21 patients who underwent medial maxillectomy in the years 2016–2019 were assessed for discomfort and epiphora based on patients’ own reports and basic clinical examination, lacrimal duct rinse test, the Munk score, and a modified endoscopic Jones I test. Results: Gradually increasing the sensitivity of the assessment method resulted in an increase in the number of patients with potential tear drainage disorders, starting from 0% in the rinsing test, 4.8% self-reported tearing complaints, 14.3% Munk score, and 19% modified endoscopic Jones I test. Conclusions: The study results revealed that a small fraction of patients tend to report epiphora as a consequence of medial maxillectomy themselves. Subtle functional disorders, which are not particularly bothersome to patients, are more common. More sensitive lacrimal duct patency tests reveal more cases of tear drainage disorders. The results of studies assessing the incidence of epiphora after medial maxillectomy appear to depend on the type of test used.
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Stavrakas M, Karkos PD, Tsinaslanidou Z, Constantinidis J. Endoscopic Denker's Approach for the Treatment of Extensive Sinonasal Tumors: Our Experience. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:1458-1462. [PMID: 33140854 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surgical management of large sinonasal tumors, spreading to the pterygopalatine, and infratemporal fossae have always been a challenge for the ENT surgeon and the multidisciplinary team. METHODS Endoscopic Denker's approach allows complete exposure of the anterior, inferior, and lateral recesses of the maxillary sinus, without necessitating a gingivobuccal or a transseptal incision. Moreover, endoscopic Denker's approach facilitates direct, straight entry to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. RESULTS Twenty-two patients with extensive sinonasal pathology underwent resection via an endoscopic Denker's approach at our institution, with the majority of them being diagnosed with JNA and inverted papilloma. Denker's procedure facilitated wide exposure of the surgical field and total tumor resection, without significant perioperative complications and good disease-free results in follow up. CONCLUSIONS Our experience is in accordance with the literature, where this approach seems to be superior to alternative options for accessing the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. We believe that adequate expertise in endoscopic sinonasal surgery is necessary prior to embarking on this technique, but in general, it represents a valuable tool in the surgeon's armamentarium. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:1458-1462, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Stavrakas
- 1st ENT Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros D Karkos
- 1st ENT Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zinovia Tsinaslanidou
- 1st ENT Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Constantinidis
- 1st ENT Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lee JT, Yoo F, Wang M, Vengerovich G, Suh JD. Modified endoscopic Denker approach in management of inverted papilloma of the anterior maxillary sinus. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:533-538. [PMID: 32104956 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign epithelial tumor of the sinonasal cavity that is locally aggressive and has a propensity for recurrence. Tumors involving the anterior maxillary sinus can be challenging to reach endoscopically, and have historically been approached through a Caldwell-Luc or canine fossa trephination. We present a case series of 22 patients with maxillary IPs originating from the anterior wall, which were successfully resected using a modified endoscopic Denker (MED) procedure. This technique enables access to the entire maxillary sinus without the need for a separate transseptal or sublabial incision. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent the MED approach for management of maxillary IPs involving the anterior wall from 2012 to 2018. The demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, pathology, and surgical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were identified, including 13 males and 9 females. Eighteen of the 22 patients had prior surgery and all had Krouse stage 3 disease. After a mean follow-up of 24 (range, 4-63) months, only 1 patient (4.5%) developed a recurrence, which was treated successfully with endoscopic resection. Complications included 1 patient with preoperative epiphora who required dacryocystorhinostomy, epistaxis in another, and 1 patient with transient upper lip numbness. No patients developed alar notching or pyriform aperture stenosis. CONCLUSION The MED technique is highly effective for surgical resection of primary and recurrent maxillary IPs involving the anterior wall, providing complete access to the entire maxillary sinus. In many cases, the MED can obviate the need for an adjunctive sublabial or transseptal incision, while also providing excellent exposure for postoperative surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivianne T Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Frederick Yoo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marilene Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gennadiy Vengerovich
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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8
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Direct approach to the anterior and lateral part of the maxillary sinus with an endoscope. Auris Nasus Larynx 2019; 46:871-875. [PMID: 30955919 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Caldwell-Luc (CL) approach with a sublabial incision is used to manipulate the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Paresthesia is one of the major complications associated with the CL approach. We developed a new method, "direct approach to the anterior and lateral part of the maxillary sinus with an endoscope" (DALMA), that negates the need for a sublabial incision and minimizes dental paresthesia by reducing the risk of anterior superior alveolar nerve injury. This study aimed to describe how to perform the DALMA technique, and to review its effectiveness and associated complications. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who had received DALMA. RESULTS Ten patients underwent DALMA. The anterior superior alveolar nerve was identified in all patients. Access to the lateral side beyond the infraorbital canal and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was achieved. CONCLUSIONS DALMA is a simple, effective, and minimally invasive technique that can be used as an alternative to CL with sublabial incision.
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Yacoub A, Anschuetz L, Schneider D, Wimmer W, Caversaccio M. Minimally Invasive Lateral Endoscopic Multiport Approach to the Infratemporal Fossa: A Cadaveric Study. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e489-e496. [PMID: 29391297 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) are increasingly performed owing to improved visualization and less morbidity compared with classic open approaches. Only a few studies in the literature investigated lateral endoscopic access to the ITF. The aim of this study was to examine the ITF with the minimally invasive endoscopically assisted Gillies approach with a trial of its expansion through a double port technique. METHODS The ITF was examined in 10 sides of 5 cadaveric heads using a lateral endoscopic assisted approach. A double portal technique was developed to allow bimanual dissection. Specific long angled skull base instruments were used for dissection under stereotactic guidance. RESULTS The endoscopic assisted Gillies approach permitted minimally invasive access to the complete anteroposterior extension of the ITF with sufficient mobility of surgical instruments. A new anatomic classification for the ITF from a lateral endoscopic perspective was introduced. The addition of the second port allowed bimanual dissection. CONCLUSIONS This cadaveric study shows the feasibility of an endoscopically assisted lateral approach to the ITF. The addition of a posterior port expands the approach through increasing the working area and enabling a bimanual dissection technique. Performed alone or combined with an anterior endoscopic transnasal approach, this technique offers minimally invasive access to the ITF. The development of specifically designed instruments would further improve this promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraam Yacoub
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lukas Anschuetz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Schneider
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Wimmer
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Caversaccio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Turri-Zanoni M, Battaglia P, Karligkiotis A, Lepera D, Zocchi J, Dallan I, Bignami M, Castelnuovo P. Transnasal endoscopic partial maxillectomy: Operative nuances and proposal for a comprehensive classification system based on 1378 cases. Head Neck 2016; 39:754-766. [PMID: 28032687 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of functional endoscopic endonasal surgery, there are still areas of the maxillary sinus that remain technically difficult to access using a standard middle meatal antrostomy as well as deep-seated skull base lesions requiring expanded transmaxillary approaches. METHODS All patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic partial maxillectomy (TEPM) in a single institution from 2000 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The TEPM was classified into 5 types according to the anatomic structures progressively removed and to the access provided. RESULTS The TEPM was performed in 1378 patients for the management of: inflammatory diseases in 513 cases (37%), benign sinonasal tumors in 425 cases (31%), skull base malignancies in 285 cases (21%), and as a corridor to address deep-seated skull base lesions in 155 cases (11%). CONCLUSION The TEPM is a stepwise approach offering increasing access that can be tailored to different maxillary, sinonasal, and skull base pathologies with minimal morbidity for patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 754-766, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Turri-Zanoni
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.,Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Battaglia
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.,Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Apostolos Karligkiotis
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Lepera
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zocchi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Iacopo Dallan
- Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,First Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bignami
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.,Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.,Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS & FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Lee JT, Suh JD, Carrau RL, Chu MW, Chiu AG. Endoscopic Denker's approach for resection of lesions involving the anteroinferior maxillary sinus and infratemporal fossa. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:556-560. [PMID: 27640815 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jivianne T Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Ricardo L Carrau
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - Michael W Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Alexander G Chiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A
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