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Li MM, Zhao S, Eskander A, Rygalski C, Brock G, Parikh AS, Haring CT, Swendseid B, Zhan KY, Bradford CR, Teknos TN, Carrau RL, VanKoevering KK, Seim NB, Old MO, Rocco JW, Puram SV, Kang SY. Stage Migration and Survival Trends in Laryngeal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:7300-7309. [PMID: 34263369 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades, significant advancements in the treatment of laryngeal cancer have occurred. Although survival of head and neck cancer patients has improved over time, the temporal trend of laryngeal cancer survival is an area of controversy. METHODS From 2004 to 2016, 77,527 patients who had laryngeal cancer treated with curative intent in the United States were identified in the National Cancer Database. Relative and observed survival rates were assessed for temporal trends. Multinomial logistic regression investigated the relationship between American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and increasing calendar year. RESULTS No significant improvement in 2- or 5-year observed survival (OS) or relative survival (RS) was observed. The 5-year RS ranged from 61.72 to 63.97%, and the 5-year OS ranged from 54.26 to 56.52%. With each increasing year, the proportion of stage 4 disease increased, with risk for stage 4 disease at the time of diagnosis increasing 2.2% annually (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.022; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.017-1.028; p < 0.001). This increase was driven by a 4.7% yearly increase in N2 disease (aOR, 1.047; 95% CI, 1.041-1.053; p < 0.001), with an annual 1.2% increase in T3 disease (aOR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.007-1.018; p < 0.001) and a 1.2% increase in T4 disease (aOR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.005-1.018; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite advances in the field, laryngeal cancer survival in the United States is not improving over time. This may be due to an increase in the proportion of stage 4 disease, driven primarily by increasing nodal disease. To achieve survival improvement commensurate with scientific and technologic advances, efforts should be made to diagnose and treat laryngeal cancer at earlier stages to prevent further stage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anuraag S Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine T Haring
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Swendseid
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Y Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ricardo L Carrau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyle K VanKoevering
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nolan B Seim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew O Old
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen Y Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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