1
|
Odeku OA, Ogunniyi QA, Ogbole OO, Fettke J. Forgotten Gems: Exploring the Untapped Benefits of Underutilized Legumes in Agriculture, Nutrition, and Environmental Sustainability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1208. [PMID: 38732424 PMCID: PMC11085438 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In an era dominated by conventional agricultural practices, underutilized legumes termed "Forgotten Gems" represent a reservoir of untapped benefits with the unique opportunity to diversify agricultural landscapes and enhance global food systems. Underutilized crops are resistant to abiotic environmental conditions such as drought and adapt better to harsh soil and climatic conditions. Underutilized legumes are high in protein and secondary metabolites, highlighting their role in providing critical nutrients and correcting nutritional inadequacies. Their ability to increase dietary variety and food security emerges as a critical component of their importance. Compared to mainstream crops, underutilized legumes have been shown to reduce the environmental impact of climate change. Their capacity for nitrogen fixation and positive impact on soil health make them sustainable contributors to biodiversity conservation and environmental balance. This paper identifies challenges and proposes strategic solutions, showcasing the transformative impact of underutilized legumes on agriculture, nutrition, and sustainability. These "Forgotten Gems" should be recognized, integrated into mainstream agricultural practices, and celebrated for their potential to revolutionize global food production while promoting environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Odeku
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria;
| | - Queeneth A. Ogunniyi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria; (Q.A.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Omonike O. Ogbole
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria; (Q.A.O.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Landi M, Shah T, Falquet L, Niazi A, Stavolone L, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Gisel A. Haplotype-resolved genome of heterozygous African cassava cultivar TMEB117 (Manihot esculenta). Sci Data 2023; 10:887. [PMID: 38071206 PMCID: PMC10710486 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a vital tropical root crop providing essential dietary energy to over 800 million people in tropical and subtropical regions. As a climate-resilient crop, its significance grows as the human population expands. However, yield improvement faces challenges from biotic and abiotic stress and limited breeding. Advanced sequencing and assembly techniques enabled the generation of a highly accurate, nearly complete, haplotype-resolved genome of the African cassava cultivar TMEB117. It is the most accurate cassava genome sequence to date with a base-level accuracy of QV > 64, N50 > 35 Mbp, and 98.9% BUSCO completeness. Over 60% of the genome comprises repetitive elements. We predicted over 45,000 gene models for both haplotypes. This achievement offers valuable insights into the heterozygosity genome organization of the cassava genome, with improved accuracy, completeness, and phased genomes. Due to its high susceptibility to African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) infections compared to other cassava varieties, TMEB117 provides an ideal reference for studying virus resistance mechanisms, including epigenetic variations and smallRNA expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bioinformatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Trushar Shah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adnan Niazi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bioinformatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Livia Stavolone
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bioinformatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Gisel
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Genetic variation and characterization of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) verdc.] accessions under multi-environments considering yield and yield components performance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1498. [PMID: 36707537 PMCID: PMC9883518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bambara groundnut has significant role to play in terms of food security, even though researchers in agriculture have paid very little attention to the crop in the past. This study aimed to investigate the high-yielding accessions in three environments. A total of 34 phenological, vegetative and yield traits were measured and analyzed statistically with R software. There were significant differences in all the traits except for plant height, initial plant stand, panicle length per stem, and petiole length. Across the three environments, TVSU-455 gave the highest values for the total number of pods (42.67), final plant stands (7.67), fresh seed weights (45.83), number of seeds per plant (46.62), hundred seed weight with a value (124.56), dry seed weight (27.14), fresh pod weight (92.65), harvest index of 0.57, yield per plot (45.83) and unshelled yield per plot (550.26). TVSU-455 was the only accession in cluster I of the dendrogram based on its superiority over other accessions. The clustering analysis produced a dendrogram categorizing the 15 accessions into 4 groups based on the vegetative, phenological, and yield traits. There were significant differences among the correlations of the 34 traits. The first two principle components explained 56.16% of the total variation with each dimension accounting for 39.85% and 16. 31% variation, respectively. TVSU-455 can be recommended for stability analysis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Popoola JO, Ojuederie OB, Aworunse OS, Adelekan A, Oyelakin AS, Oyesola OL, Akinduti PA, Dahunsi SO, Adegboyega TT, Oranusi SU, Ayilara MS, Omonhinmin CA. Nutritional, functional, and bioactive properties of african underutilized legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1105364. [PMID: 37123863 PMCID: PMC10141332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, legumes are vital constituents of diet and perform critical roles in maintaining well-being owing to the dense nutritional contents and functional properties of their seeds. While much emphasis has been placed on the major grain legumes over the years, the neglected and underutilized legumes (NULs) are gaining significant recognition as probable crops to alleviate malnutrition and give a boost to food security in Africa. Consumption of these underutilized legumes has been associated with several health-promoting benefits and can be utilized as functional foods due to their rich dietary fibers, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), proteins/essential amino acids, micro-nutrients, and bioactive compounds. Despite the plethora of nutritional benefits, the underutilized legumes have not received much research attention compared to common mainstream grain legumes, thus hindering their adoption and utilization. Consequently, research efforts geared toward improvement, utilization, and incorporation into mainstream agriculture in Africa are more convincing than ever. This work reviews some selected NULs of Africa (Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis), African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), Marama bean (Tylosema esculentum), Mung bean, (Vigna radiata), Rice bean (Vigna Umbellata), and Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)), and their nutritional, and functional properties. Furthermore, we highlight the prospects and current challenges associated with the utilization of the NULs and discusses the strategies to facilitate their exploitation as not only sources of vital nutrients, but also their integration for the development of cheap and accessible functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Olagbenro Popoola
- Pure and Applied Biology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biotechnology Cluster, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Jacob Olagbenro Popoola, ; Omena B. Ojuederie,
| | - Omena B. Ojuederie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Focus, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Jacob Olagbenro Popoola, ; Omena B. Ojuederie,
| | | | - Aminat Adelekan
- Department of Chemical and Food Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun S. Oyelakin
- Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Luke Oyesola
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biotechnology Cluster, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Paul A. Akinduti
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biotechnology Cluster, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Olatunde Dahunsi
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun, Nigeria
- The Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Taofeek T. Adegboyega
- Food Security and Safety Focus, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biology Unit, Faculty of Science, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Solomon U. Oranusi
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biotechnology Cluster, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Modupe S. Ayilara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Focus, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Conrad A. Omonhinmin
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biotechnology Cluster, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma KK, Palakolanu SR, Bhattacharya J, Shankhapal AR, Bhatnagar-Mathur P. CRISPR for accelerating genetic gains in under-utilized crops of the drylands: Progress and prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:999207. [PMID: 36276961 PMCID: PMC9582247 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.999207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies and innovations are critical for addressing the future food system needs where genetic resources are an essential component of the change process. Advanced breeding tools like "genome editing" are vital for modernizing crop breeding to provide game-changing solutions to some of the "must needed" traits in agriculture. CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been rapidly repurposed for editing applications based on their improved efficiency, specificity and reduced off-target effects. Additionally, precise gene-editing tools such as base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing provide precision in stacking of multiple traits in an elite variety, and facilitating specific and targeted crop improvement. This has helped in advancing research and delivery of products in a short time span, thereby enhancing the rate of genetic gains. A special focus has been on food security in the drylands through crops including millets, teff, fonio, quinoa, Bambara groundnut, pigeonpea and cassava. While these crops contribute significantly to the agricultural economy and resilience of the dryland, improvement of several traits including increased stress tolerance, nutritional value, and yields are urgently required. Although CRISPR has potential to deliver disruptive innovations, prioritization of traits should consider breeding product profiles and market segments for designing and accelerating delivery of locally adapted and preferred crop varieties for the drylands. In this context, the scope of regulatory environment has been stated, implying the dire impacts of unreasonable scrutiny of genome-edited plants on the evolution and progress of much-needed technological advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K. Sharma
- Sustainable Agriculture Programme, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joorie Bhattacharya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aishwarya R. Shankhapal
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chongtham SK, Devi EL, Samantara K, Yasin JK, Wani SH, Mukherjee S, Razzaq A, Bhupenchandra I, Jat AL, Singh LK, Kumar A. Orphan legumes: harnessing their potential for food, nutritional and health security through genetic approaches. PLANTA 2022; 256:24. [PMID: 35767119 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legumes, being angiosperm's third-largest family as well as the second major crop family, contributes beyond 33% of human dietary proteins. The advent of the global food crisis owing to major climatic concerns leads to nutritional deprivation, hunger and hidden hunger especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Hence, in the wake of promoting sustainable agriculture and nutritional security, apart from the popular legumes, the inclusion of lesser-known and understudied local crop legumes called orphan legumes in the farming systems of various tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world is indeed a need of the hour. Despite possessing tremendous potentialities, wide adaptability under diverse environmental conditions, and rich in nutritional and nutraceutical values, these species are still in a neglected and devalued state. Therefore, a major re-focusing of legume genetics, genomics, and biology is much crucial in pursuance of understanding the yield constraints, and endorsing underutilized legume breeding programs. Varying degrees of importance to these crops do exist among researchers of developing countries in establishing the role of orphan legumes as future crops. Under such circumstances, this article assembles a comprehensive note on the necessity of promoting these crops for further investigations and sustainable legume production, the exploitation of various orphan legume species and their potencies. In addition, an attempt has been made to highlight various novel genetic, molecular, and omics approaches for the improvement of such legumes for enhancing yield, minimizing the level of several anti-nutritional factors, and imparting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. A significant genetic enhancement through extensive research in 'omics' areas is the absolute necessity to transform them into befitting candidates for large-scale popularization around the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Chongtham
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, CAEPHT, CAU, Ranipool, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737135, India
| | | | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Jeshima Khan Yasin
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR-KVK Tamenglong, ICAR RC for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, Manipur, 795 004, India
| | - Aanandi Lal Jat
- Castor-Mustard Research Station, SDAU, S.K. Nagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat, 385 506, India
| | - Laishram Kanta Singh
- ICAR-KVK Imphal West, ICAR RC for NEH region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, Manipur, 795 004, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tadong, Sikkim Centre, 737102, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abberton M, Paliwal R, Faloye B, Marimagne T, Moriam A, Oyatomi O. Indigenous African Orphan Legumes: Potential for Food and Nutrition Security in SSA. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.708124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both crop production and the hidden hunger index (HHI, a combination of zinc, iron, and vitamin A deficiency), continue to be worse than the rest of the world. Currently, 31 out of 36 countries of SSA show the highest HHI. At the same time, several studies show climate change as a major constraint to agriculture productivity and a significant threat to SSA food security without significant action regarding adaptation. The food security of SSA is dependent on a few major crops, with many of them providing largely only an energy source in the diet. To address this, crop diversification and climate-resilient crops that have adaptation to climate change can be used and one route toward this is promoting the cultivation of African orphan (neglected or underutilized) crops. These crops, particularly legumes, have the potential to improve food and nutrition security in SSA due to their cultural linkage with the regional food habits of the communities, nutritionally rich food, untapped genetic diversity, and adaptation to harsh climate conditions and poor marginal soils. Despite the wide distribution of orphan legumes across the landscape of SSA, these important crop species are characterized by low yield and decreasing utilization due in part to a lack of improved varieties and a lack of adequate research attention. Genomic-assisted breeding (GAB) can contribute to developing improved varieties that yield more, have improved resilience, and high nutritional value. The availability of large and diverse collections of germplasm is an essential resource for crop improvement. In the Genetic Resources Center of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, the collections of orphan legumes, particularly the Bambara groundnut, African yambean, and Kersting's groundnut, have been characterized and evaluated for their key traits, and new collections are being undertaken to fill gaps and to widen the genetic diversity available to underpin breeding that can be further utilized with GAB tools to develop faster and cost-effective climate-resilient cultivars with a high nutrition value for SSA farmers. However, a greater investment of resources is required for applying modern breeding to orphan legume crops if their full potential is to be realized.
Collapse
|
8
|
Popoola JO, Aworunse OS, Ojuederie OB, Adewale BD, Ajani OC, Oyatomi OA, Eruemulor DI, Adegboyega TT, Obembe OO. The Exploitation of Orphan Legumes for Food, Income, and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:782140. [PMID: 35665143 PMCID: PMC9156806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.782140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Poverty, food, and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have become major concerns in recent times. The effects of climate change, drought, and unpredictable rainfall patterns threaten food production and sustainable agriculture. More so, insurgency, youth restiveness, and politico-economic instability amidst a burgeoning population requiring a sufficient and healthy diet remain front-burner issues in the region. Overdependence on only a few major staple crops is increasingly promoting the near extinction of many crops, especially orphan legumes, which possess immense potentials as protein and nutritional security crops. The major staple crops are declining in yield partly to their inability to adapt to the continuously changing climatic conditions. Remarkably, the orphan legumes are climate-smart crops with enormous agronomic features which foster sustainable livelihood. Research efforts on these crops have not attained a reasonable comparative status with most commercial crops. Though many research organizations and scientists have made efforts to promote the improvement and utilization of these orphan legumes, there is still more to be done. These legumes' vast genetic resources and economic utility are grossly under-exploited, but their values and promising impacts are immeasurable. Given the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) of zero hunger, improved nutrition, health, and sustainable agriculture, the need to introduce these crops into food systems in SSA and other poverty-prone regions of the world is now more compelling than ever. This review unveils inherent values in orphan legumes needing focus for exploitation viz-a-viz cultivation, commercialization, and social acceptance. More so, this article discusses some of the nutraceutical potentials of the orphan legumes, their global adaptability, and modern plant breeding strategies that could be deployed to develop superior phenotypes to enrich the landraces. Advanced omics technologies, speed breeding, as well as the application of genome editing techniques, could significantly enhance the genetic improvement of these useful but underutilized legumes. Efforts made in this regard and the challenges of these approaches were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Olagbenro Popoola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Jacob Olagbenro Popoola, , orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-4856
| | | | - Omena Bernard Ojuederie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biotechnology Unit, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Babasola Daniel Adewale
- Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Olaniyi Ajewole Oyatomi
- Genetic Resources Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Taofeek Tope Adegboyega
- Biology Unit, Faculty of Science, Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, Rafin Kura, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Olawole Odun Obembe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- UNESCO Chair on Plant Biotechnology, Plant Science Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, PMB, Ota, Nigeria
- Olawole Odun Obembe, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-8198
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan MMH, Rafii MY, Ramlee SI, Jusoh M, Al Mamun M, Halidu J. DNA fingerprinting, fixation-index (Fst), and admixture mapping of selected Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) accessions using ISSR markers system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14527. [PMID: 34267249 PMCID: PMC8282841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new crop in Malaysia, forty-four Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. verdc.) genotypes were sampled from eleven distinct populations of different origins to explore the genetic structure, genetic inconsistency, and fixation index. The Bambara groundnut, an African underutilized legume, has the capacity to boost food and nutrition security while simultaneously addressing environmental sustainability, food availability, and economic inequalities. A set of 32 ISSRs were screened out of 96 primers based on very sharp, clear, and reproducible bands which detected a total of 510 loci with an average of 97.64% polymorphism. The average calculated value of PIC = 0.243, RP = 5.30, H = 0.285, and MI = 0.675 representing the efficiency of primer set for genetic differentiation among the genotypes. The ISSR primers revealed the number of alleles (Na = 1.97), the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.38), Nei's genetic diversity (h = 0.248), and a moderate level of gene flow (Nm = 2.26) across the genotypes studied. The estimated Shannon's information index (I = 0.395) indicates a high level of genetic variation exists among the accessions. Based on Nei's genetic dissimilarity a UPMGA phylogenetic tree was constructed and grouped the entire genotypes into 3 major clusters and 6 subclusters. PCA analysis revealed that first principal component extracted maximum variation (PC1 = 13.92%) than second principal component (PC2 = 12.59%). Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis assembled the genotypes into 3 (best ΔK = 3) genetic groups. The fixation-index (Fst) analysis narrated a very great genetic diversity (Fst = 0.19 to 0.40) exists within the accessions of these 3 clusters. This investigation specifies the effectiveness of the ISSR primers system for the molecular portrayal of V. subterranea genotypes that could be used for genetic diversity valuation, detection, and tagging of potential genotypes with quick, precise, and authentic measures for this crop improvement through effective breeding schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan Khan
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohd Y Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shairul Izan Ramlee
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mashitah Jusoh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamilu Halidu
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc): A Crop for the New Millennium, Its Genetic Diversity, and Improvements to Mitigate Future Food and Nutritional Challenges. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The world’s food and agricultural schemes have gradually fallen into an alarming state due to challenges such as high population birth rates, diverse agro-climatic zones, a lack of measures to counter global warming, severe practices of sole-culture cultivation, and asset reduction. A very high dependency on limited staple food crops is associated with repetitious diets, deprivation of food, and shortages of trace minerals, which often causes dietary sicknesses. To ensure nutritious diets worldwide, a real-world and justifiable scheme is provided to garner extra attention towards variation in both agriculture/farming approaches and food habits. The EAT-Lancet statement emphasized an increase in agri-based diets as a way of attaining global generational health. Enlarging neglected crops with plenty of genomic stocks and potentially profitable attributes is a solution that could address food and nutritional security concerns. Bambara groundnut is one such imperative and neglected legume crop that contributes positively to improving global food and nutrient safety. As a “complete food”, this crop has recently been treated as a new millennium crop, and furthermore, it is more adjusted to poor soil and climatic conditions than other dominant crops. Bambara groundnut is a repository of vital nutrients that provides carbohydrates, crucial amino acids, proteins, and energy as well as minerals and vitamins to developed and low-income countries where animal proteins are not readily available. This review explores the potential of Bambara groundnut in ensuring food and nutrient security; its variables, production, processing, nutrient values, role in reducing the nutritional gap, and diverse uses; and attempts in improving its traits. To strengthen food production, an agricultural revolution is required for underutilized crop species to feed the ever-expanding population in the world. Henceforth, advanced plant-breeding procedures, such as next-generation breeding techniques, various molecular tools, TILLING, Eco-TILLING, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics (which has been used for major crops), also need to be practiced to intensify production. To boost productivity and to feed the most starved and malnourished populations of the world, it is assumed that the application of modern techniques will play a vital role in the advancement of the underutilized Bambara groundnut.
Collapse
|