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Sato F, Sato K, Ono T, Chitose SI, Sato K, Kurita T, Umeno H. Glycolytic Metabolism of the Tissue Stem Cells in the Maculae Flavae of the Human Vocal Fold. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00374-0. [PMID: 38135596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic programs in the stem cells are essential for maintaining homeostasis and protecting against stem cell aging. There is growing evidence that the tissue stem cells reside in the anterior and posterior maculae flavae of the human vocal fold mucosa. Our previous studies observed that the glycolysis of the cell in the human maculae flavae seems to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis for energy supply in comparison with oxidative phosphorylation. However, previous studies showed only the metabolic enzymes of glycolysis and functional morphology of the mitochondria, therefore, it has not yet been determined whether anaerobic glycolysis actually took place. The purpose of this study is to investigate the glycolytic metabolites of the cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold in vitro. METHODS Four normal human vocal folds were used. After extraction of the anterior maculae flavae, cells in the maculae flavae were cultured and proliferated. Glucose transporter-1 was assessed using immunocytochemistry and metabolites of glycolysis (lactate and NADPH) were measured. RESULTS The cells in the maculae flavae expressed glucose transporter-1 in the cytoplasm and the cell membranes. In addition, the cultured cells produced lactate (metabolites of anaerobic glycolysis) and NADPH (metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway). CONCLUSIONS The cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal folds were found to undergo anaerobic glycolysis via the pentose phosphate pathway. This suggests that the cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold have a metabolism that favors the maintenance of stemness and undifferentiated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Sato K, Chitose SI, Sato F, Sato K, Ono T, Umeno H. Metabolic Roles of Colony-Forming Tissue Stem Cells in the Maculae Flavae of Newborn Vocal Fold In Vivo. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00351-4. [PMID: 36588014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae (a stem cell niche) of the human vocal fold form colonies in vivo like stem cells in vitro. However, the roles of colony-forming aggregated cells in the maculae flavae in vivo have not yet been determined. This study investigated the glycolysis, of the colony-forming aggregated cells in the maculae flavae of the human newborn vocal fold in vivo. METHODS Three normal newborn vocal folds were investigated under light microscopy with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Colony-forming aggregated cells in the newborn maculae flavae strongly expressed glucose transporter-1 and glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase A). The colony-forming aggregated cells did not express phosphofructokinase-1 (rate-limiting enzyme of regular glucose metabolism pathway) but expressed glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (rate-limiting enzyme) indicating the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway. The colony-forming aggregated cells' strong expression of lactate dehydrogenase A indicated that they rely more on anaerobic glycolysis in an anaerobic microenvironment. Mitochondrial cristae of the colony-forming aggregated cells in the newborn maculae flavae were sparse. Consequently, the microstructural features of the mitochondria suggested that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were low. CONCLUSIONS The colony-forming aggregated cells in the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold seemed to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis using the pentose phosphate pathway for energy supply in vivo. Microstructural features of the mitochondria and the glycolytic enzyme expression of the colony-forming aggregated cells suggested that the oxidative phosphorylation activity was low. Already at birth, in the anaerobic microenvironment of the macular flavae in vivo, there is likely a complex cross-talk regarding metabolism between the colony-forming aggregated cells along the adhesion machinery and chemical signaling pathways which reduces toxic oxygen species and is favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sato K, Chitose SI, Sato F, Sato K, Ono T, Umeno H. Vascularity in the macula flava of human vocal fold as a stem cell niche. Auris Nasus Larynx 2022:S0385-8146(22)00238-3. [PMID: 36585286 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence that the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold are a stem cell niche, which is a microenvironment nurturing tissue stem cells. This study investigated the microenvironment, especially vascularity, in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold. METHODS Three normal human adult, three normal newborn vocal folds obtained from autopsy cases and three surgical specimens of glottic carcinoma were investigated using light and electron microscopy. For scanning electron microscopy, a chemical digestion method (modified sodium hydroxide maceration method) was used to observe the inner 3-dimensional structure of the macula flava. RESULTS Capillaries ran around the anterior and posterior maculae flavae in adults and newborns. However, there was no vascularity in the maculae flavae of the vocal fold. The inner 3-dimensional electron microscopic structure of the macula flava showed there were no blood vessels in the maculae flavae of the vocal fold. Glottic carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) surrounded and was in contact with the macula flava, however, the carcinoma did not invade the macula flava indicating there was no vascular supply into the macula flava from the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSIONS There was no vascularity in the anterior and posterior maculae flavae in the human adult and newborn vocal folds. The present study is consistent with the hypothesis that the hypoxic microenvironment in the maculae flavae of the adult and newborn vocal fold as a stem cell niche is likely favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem cells in the stem cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Sato K, Chitose SI, Sato K, Sato F, Ono T, Umeno H. Glycolysis of Tissue Stem Cells in the Macula Flava of Newborn Vocal Fold. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35879212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence that the cells in the maculae flavae are tissue stem cells and the maculae flavae are a stem cell niche of the human vocal fold mucosa. This study investigated the metabolic activity, especially glycolysis, of the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human newborn vocal fold. METHODS Three normal human newborn vocal folds obtained from autopsy cases were investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among the three phenotypes of cells (cobblestone-like polygonal cells, vocal fold stellate cell-like cells and fibroblast-like spindle cells) in the newborn maculae flavae, a small number of cobblestone-like polygonal cells strongly expressed glucose transporter-1. All three phenotypes of cells in the newborn maculae flavae expressed glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase A). The cells did not express phosphofructokinase-1 (rate-limiting enzyme of regular glucose metabolism pathway) but sparsely express glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (rate-limiting enzyme) indicating the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway. The cells' expression of lactate dehydrogenase A suggests the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold is likely to be an anaerobic microenvironment where cells perform anaerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS The present study is consistent with the hypothesis that the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold seem to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis, especially by the pentose phosphate pathway, for energy supply. Already at birth, the metabolism of the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold is likely to prevent the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species and is likely favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem cells in the stem cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Energy metabolism of cells in the macula flava of the newborn vocal fold from the aspect of mitochondrial microstructure. J Laryngol Otol 2021; 135:779-784. [PMID: 34448687 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cells in the vocal fold of maculae flavae are likely to be tissue stem cells. Energy metabolism of the cells in newborn maculae flavae was investigated from the aspect of mitochondrial microstructure. METHOD Five normal newborn vocal folds were investigated under transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Mitochondria consisted of a double membrane bounded body containing matrices and a system of cristae. However, these membranes were ambiguous. In each mitochondrion, the lamellar cristae were sparse. Intercristal space was occupied by a mitochondrial matrix. Some mitochondria had fused to lipid droplets and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and both the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes had incarcerated and disappeared. CONCLUSION The features of the mitochondria of the cells in the newborn maculae flavae showed that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were low. The metabolism of the cells in the newborn maculae flavae seems to be favourable to maintain the stemness and undifferentiation of the cells.
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Sato K, Chitose S, Sato K, Sato F, Ono T, Umeno H. Role of colony-forming tissue stem cells in the macula flava of the human vocal fold in vivo. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:283-290. [PMID: 33869760 PMCID: PMC8035955 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous investigations showed that tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae (a stem cell niche) form colonies in vivo like stem cells in vitro. However, the roles of colony-forming cells in the maculae flavae in vivo have not yet been determined.This study investigated the metabolism of the colony-forming tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human adult vocal fold. STUDY DESIGN Histologic analysis of the human vocal folds. METHODS Three normal human adult vocal folds were investigated under transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy including immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mitochondrial cristae of the colony-forming cells in the maculae flavae were sparse. Hence, the microstructural features of the mitochondria suggested that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation were low. Colony-forming cells strongly expressed glucose transporter-1 and glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase A). The colony-forming cells did not express phosphofructokinase-1 but did express glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicating the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway. Since the colony-forming cells expressed lactate dehydrogenase A, cells seemed to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis in an anaerobic microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS The present study is consistent with the hypothesis that the colony-forming tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human adult vocal fold seemed to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis using the pentose phosphate pathway for energy supply in vivo. Microstructural features of the mitochondria and expressed glycolytic enzymes of the colony-forming cells in the maculae flavae suggested that the oxidative phosphorylation activity was low.In an anaerobic microenvironment in vivo, there is likely a complex cross-talk regarding the metabolism between the colony-forming aggregated cells along the adhesion machinery and chemical signaling pathways, which reduces toxic oxygen species and is favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem cells. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Shun‐ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
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Sato K, Chitose S, Sato K, Sato F, Ono T, Umeno H. Glycolytic activity of the tissue stem cells in the macula flava of the human vocal fold. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:122-128. [PMID: 33614940 PMCID: PMC7883606 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In our previous studies, the features of the mitochondria of tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold suggested that their metabolic activity and oxidative phosphorylation was low. This study investigated the metabolic activity, especially glycolysis of the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human adult vocal fold. STUDY DESIGN Histologic analysis of the human vocal folds. METHODS Three normal human adult vocal folds obtained from autopsy cases were investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among the three phenotypes of cells in the human adult maculae flavae, the vocal fold stellate cell-like cells strongly expressed glucose transporter-1. Three phenotypes of cells in the human adult maculae flavae expressed glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase A) indicating the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae relied more on glycolysis. The cells did not express phosphofructokinase-1 but did express glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicating the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway. The cells expressed lactate dehydrogenase A indicating the maculae flavae of the human adult vocal fold was likely to be an anaerobic microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS The present study is consistent with the hypothesis that the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold seem to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis, especially by the pentose phosphate pathway, for energy supply. The metabolism of the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the human adult vocal fold is likely to prevent toxic reaction oxygen species and be favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem cells in the stem cells system. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Shun‐ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Kiminobu Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Takeharu Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
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