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Jiang Z, Kimura Y, Shirouchi B, Tanaka Y, Tsai WT, Yuan X, Sato M. Dietary egg white protein hydrolysate improves orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats by promoting hepatic phospholipid synthesis and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108820. [PMID: 34273531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of egg white protein hydrolysates (EWH) on orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats. Effects of the egg white protein (EWP) and EWH were also compared. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were separately fed AIN-76-based diets, supplemented with 20% casein for control, or with 1% OA, together with either 20% casein (OA), 20% EWP, or 20% EWH, respectively, for 3 d (developing stage) and 14 d (developed stage). In both feeding periods, animals from the OA group showed higher accumulation hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) compared with those from the control group. In the 14-d experiment, dietary EWP and EWH significantly reduced the hepatic TAG levels. Intake of EWP reduced liver fat in OA-fed rats by 61%, while EWH reduced it by 92%. In addition, EWH restored the OA-induced high serum-TAG level to that seen in the control group. The 3 d experiment showed that consumption of EWH improved the expression of hepatic MTP, that was reduced by OA, without changing Mttp gene expression. It also increased the hepatic synthesis of PC and PE by enhancing the transcription of Pcyt1 and Pemt genes. Inclusion of EWP and EWH in the diet improves the OA-induced NAFL. EWH reduces the liver TAG better than EWP, and works more rapidly. Dietary EWH ameliorates OA-induced NAFL by promoting the secretion of hepatic TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tanaka
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wei-Ting Tsai
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Tsai WT, Nakamura Y, Akasaka T, Katakura Y, Tanaka Y, Shirouchi B, Jiang Z, Yuan X, Sato M. Soyasaponin ameliorates obesity and reduces hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation by suppressing lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2103-2117. [PMID: 33864648 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are triterpenoid glycosides found in soybean. We investigated whether soyasaponin ameliorates lipid metabolism and its possible mechanisms. In C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), soyasaponin (SAP) was orally administered for 9 weeks. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of soyasapogenols on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In HFD-fed mice, the SAP significantly reduced body weight by 7% and relative adipose tissue weight by 35%. X-ray computed tomography demonstrated that the SAP reduced visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights during week 3 of feeding. The SAP reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA levels by 32% in the epididymal adipose tissue, significantly decreasing the triacylglycerol (TAG) content by 37% and SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase mRNA levels by 52% and 61%, respectively, in the liver. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, soyasapogenol B significantly decreased lipid droplets. The SAP containing soyasaponin A and B as conjugates demonstrate anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis, with a preventive effect on hepatic TAG accumulation by suppressing lipogenesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soyasaponin is one of the oleanane triterpenoids in soybeans. We have demonstrated that soyasaponin potently reduces body weight and white adipose tissue weight, and hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Thus, soyasaponin is a beneficial compound to prevent obesity and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Tsai
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Akasaka
- Center for Advanced Instrumental and Educational Supports, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tanaka
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Soluble Fiber Inulin Consumption Limits Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Caused by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031037. [PMID: 33806985 PMCID: PMC8005099 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet shapes the gut microbiota which impacts hepatic lipid metabolism. Modifications in liver fat content are associated with metabolic disorders. We investigated the extent of dietary fat and fiber-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acids (FAs). Mice were fed a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) containing non-soluble fiber cellulose or soluble fiber inulin. HFD induced hepatic decreases in the amounts of C14:0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7 and increases in the amounts of C17:0, C20:0, C16:1n-9, C22:5n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, and C22:4n-6. When incorporated in a LFD, inulin poorly affected the profile of FAs. However, when incorporated in a HFD, it (i) specifically led to an increase in the amounts of hepatic C18:0, C22:0, total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, C18:3n-3, and C18:2n-6, (ii) exacerbated the HFD-induced increase in the amount of C17:0, and (iii) prevented the HFD-induced increases in C16:1n-9 and C20:3n-6. Importantly, the expression/activity of some elongases and desaturases, as well as the gut microbiota composition, were impacted by the dietary fat and fiber content. To conclude, inulin modulated gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acid composition, and further investigations will determine whether a causal relationship exists between these two parameters.
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