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Garaiova M, Hua Q, Holic R. Heterologous Production of Calendic Acid Naturally Found in Calendula officinalis by Recombinant Fission Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3842-3851. [PMID: 36795330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calendic acid (CA) is a conjugated fatty acid with anti-cancer properties that is widely present in seed oil of Calendula officinalis. Using the co-expression of C. officinalis fatty acid conjugases (CoFADX-1 or CoFADX-2) and Punica granatum fatty acid desaturase (PgFAD2), we metabolically engineered the synthesis of CA in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe without the need for linoleic acid (LA) supplementation. The highest CA titer and achieved accumulation were 4.4 mg/L and 3.7 mg/g of DCW in PgFAD2 + CoFADX-2 recombinant strain cultivated at 16 °C for 72 h, respectively. Further analyses revealed the accumulation of CA in free fatty acids (FFA) and downregulation of the lcf1 gene encoding long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. The developed recombinant yeast system represents an important tool for the future identification of the essential components of the channeling machinery to produce CA as a high-value conjugated fatty acid at an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garaiova
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Roman Holic
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia
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Šťastný D, Petrisková L, Tahotná D, Bauer J, Pokorná L, Holič R, Valachovič M, Pevala V, Cockcroft S, Griač P. Yeast Sec14-like lipid transfer proteins Pdr16 and Pdr17 bind and transfer the ergosterol precursor lanosterol in addition to phosphatidylinositol. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:504-514. [PMID: 36482167 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeast Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) contain a hydrophobic cavity capable of accepting a single molecule of phosphatidylinositol (PI) or another molecule in a mutually exclusive manner. We report here that two yeast Sec14 family PITPs, Pdr16p (Sfh3p) and Pdr17p (Sfh4p), possess high-affinity binding and transfer towards lanosterol. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of lanosterol transfer proteins. In addition, a pdr16Δpdr17Δ double mutant had a significantly increased level of cellular lanosterol compared with the corresponding wild-type. Based on the lipid profiles of wild-type and pdr16Δpdr17Δ cells grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, we suggest that PI-lanosterol transfer proteins are important predominantly for the optimal functioning of the post-lanosterol part of sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Šťastný
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lívia Petrisková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Tahotná
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jacob Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pokorná
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Holič
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Valachovič
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - Peter Griač
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food Authentication: Truffle Species Classification by non-targeted Lipidomics Analyzes using Mass Spectrometry assisted by Ion Mobility Separation. Mol Omics 2022; 18:616-626. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Truffles are appreciated as food all over the world because of their extraordinary aroma. However, quantities are limited and successful cultivation in plantations is very labor-intensive and expensive, or even...
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Mbuyane LL, Bauer FF, Divol B. The metabolism of lipids in yeasts and applications in oenology. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110142. [PMID: 33642009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are valuable compounds present in all living organisms, which display an array of functions related to compartmentalization, energy storage and enzyme activation. Furthermore, these compounds are an integral part of the plasma membrane which is responsible for maintaining structure, facilitating the transport of solutes in and out of the cell and cellular signalling necessary for cell survival. The lipid composition of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively investigated and the impact of lipids on S. cerevisiae cellular functions during wine alcoholic fermentation is well documented. Although other yeast species are currently used in various industries and are receiving increasing attention in winemaking, little is known about their lipid metabolism. This review article provides an extensive and critical evaluation of our knowledge on the biosynthesis, accumulation, metabolism and regulation of fatty acids and sterols in yeasts. The implications of the yeast lipid content on stress resistance as well as performance during alcoholic fermentation are discussed and a particular emphasis is given on non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Understanding lipid requirements and metabolism in non-Saccharomyces yeasts may lead to a better management of these yeast to enhance their contributions to wine properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lethiwe Lynett Mbuyane
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Florian Franz Bauer
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Benoit Divol
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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Zhang C, Gu H, Ren Y, Lu L. GlcA-mediated glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis contributes to the oxidation resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus via decreasing the cellular ROS. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 149:103531. [PMID: 33581364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungi activate corresponding metabolic pathways in response to different carbon sources to adapt to different environments. Previous studies have shown that the glycerol kinase GlcA that phosphorylates glycerol to the intermediate glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is required for the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus when glycerol is used as the sole carbon source. The present study identified there were two putative glycerol kinases, GlcA and GlcB, in A. fumigatus but glycerol activated only glcA promoter but not glcB promoter, although both glcA and glcB could encode glycerol kinase. Under normal culture conditions, the absence of glcA caused no detectable colony phenotypes on glucose and other tested carbon sources except glycerol, indicating dissimilation of glucose and these tested carbon sources bypassed requirement of glcA. Notably, the oxidative stress agent H2O2 on the background of glucose medium clearly induced GlcA expression and promoted G3P synthesis. Deletion and overexpression of glcA elicited sensitivity and resistance to oxidative stress agent H2O2, respectively, accompanied by decrease and increase of G3P production. In addition, the sensitivity to oxidative stress in the glcA mutant was probably associated with dysfunction of mitochondria with a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and an abnormal accumulation of the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, overexpressing the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GfdA thatcatalyzes the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to G3P rescued phenotypes of the glcA null mutant to H2O2. Therefore, the present study suggests that GlcA-involved G3P synthesis participates in oxidative stress tolerance of A. fumigatus via regulating the cellular ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiyu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiran Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Murphy EJ, Chen GG. Randy Weselake: Celebrating a Gentleman Scholar Contributing across a Wide Spectrum of Lipid Biochemistry. Lipids 2020; 55:415-417. [PMID: 33078887 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Guanqun Gavin Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
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