1
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Hobro AJ, Pavillon N, Koike K, Sugiyama T, Umakoshi T, Verma P, Fujita K, Smith NI. Imaging vs Nonimaging Raman Spectroscopy for High-Throughput Single-Cell Phenotyping. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7047-7055. [PMID: 38653469 PMCID: PMC11080993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can provide nonbiased single-cell analysis based on the endogenous ensemble of biomolecules, with alterations in cellular content indicative of cell state and disease. The measurements themselves can be performed in a variety of modes: generally, full imaging takes the most time but can provide the most information. By reducing the imaging resolution and generating the most characteristic single-cell Raman spectrum in the shortest time, we optimize the utility of the Raman measurement for cell phenotyping. Here, we establish methods to compare these different measurement approaches and assess what, if any, undesired effects occur in the cell. Assuming that laser-induced damage should be apparent as a change in molecular spectra across sequential measurements, and by defining the information content as the Raman-based separability of two cell lines, we thereby establish a parameter range for optimum measurement sensitivity and single-cell throughput in single-cell Raman spectroscopic analysis. While the work here uses 532 nm irradiation, the same approach can be generalized to Raman analysis at other wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Hobro
- Biophotonics
Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicolas Pavillon
- Biophotonics
Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kota Koike
- Nanophotonics
Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugiyama
- Nano-spectroscopy
Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umakoshi
- Nano-spectroscopy
Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Prabhat Verma
- Nano-spectroscopy
Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Nanophotonics
Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicholas I. Smith
- Biophotonics
Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Open
and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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McCann PC, Hiramatsu K, Goda K. Highly Sensitive Low-Frequency Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy via Fluorescence Encoding. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7859-7865. [PMID: 34382803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-encoded vibrational spectroscopy has become increasingly more popular by virtue of its high chemical specificity and sensitivity. However, current fluorescence-encoded vibrational spectroscopy methods lack sensitivity in the low-frequency region, which if addressed could further enhance their capabilities. Here, we present a method for highly sensitive low-frequency fluorescence-encoded vibrational spectroscopy, termed fluorescence-encoded time-domain coherent Raman spectroscopy (FLETCHERS). By first exciting molecules into vibrationally excited states and then promoting the vibrating molecules to electronic states at varying times, the molecular vibrations can be encoded onto the emitted time-domain fluorescence intensity. We demonstrate the sensitive low-frequency detection capability of FLETCHERS by measuring vibrational spectra in the lower fingerprint region of rhodamine 800 solutions as dilute as 250 nM, which is ∼1000 times more sensitive than conventional vibrational spectroscopy. These results, along with further improvement of the method, open up the prospect of performing single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy in the low-frequency region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip C McCann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for Spectrochemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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3
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Adhikari S, Spaeth P, Kar A, Baaske MD, Khatua S, Orrit M. Photothermal Microscopy: Imaging the Optical Absorption of Single Nanoparticles and Single Molecules. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16414-16445. [PMID: 33216527 PMCID: PMC7760091 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal (PT) signal arises from slight changes of the index of refraction in a sample due to absorption of a heating light beam. Refractive index changes are measured with a second probing beam, usually of a different color. In the past two decades, this all-optical detection method has reached the sensitivity of single particles and single molecules, which gave birth to original applications in material science and biology. PT microscopy enables shot-noise-limited detection of individual nanoabsorbers among strong scatterers and circumvents many of the limitations of fluorescence-based detection. This review describes the theoretical basis of PT microscopy, the methodological developments that improved its sensitivity toward single-nanoparticle and single-molecule imaging, and a vast number of applications to single-nanoparticle imaging and tracking in material science and in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Spaeth
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashish Kar
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Martin Dieter Baaske
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Yu K, Pan J, Husamelden E, Zhang H, He Q, Wei Y, Tian M. Aggregation-induced Emission Based Fluorogens for Mitochondria-targeted Tumor Imaging and Theranostics. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3942-3960. [PMID: 33025759 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence and development of cancer are multifactorial and multistep processes which involve complicated cellular signaling pathways. Mitochondria, as the energy producer in cells, play key roles in tumor cell growth and division. Since mitochondria of tumor cells have a more negative membrane potential than those of normal cells, several fluorescent imaging probes have been developed for mitochondria-targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy. Conventional fluorescent dyes suffer from aggregation-caused quenching effect, while novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes are ideal candidates for biomedical applications due to their large stokes shift, strong photo-bleaching resistance, and high quantum yield. This review aims to introduce the recent advances in the design and application of mitochondria-targeted AIE probes. The comprehensive review focuses on the structure-property relationship of these imaging probes, expecting to inspire the development of more practical and versatile AIE fluorogens (AIEgens) as tumor imaging and therapy agents for preclinical and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Yu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Elkawad Husamelden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, P. R. China
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5
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Galeana A, Porras-Aguilar R. Real-time label-free microscopy with adjustable phase-contrast. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27524-27531. [PMID: 32988044 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lack of contrast represents a challenge in all imaging systems, including microscopy. This manuscript proposes the use of an azobenzene liquid crystal material as a Zernike filter in a phase-contrast configuration to enable label-free imaging. The novelty of the approach presented here is that it offers real-time adjustment of the contrast in images and prolonged-time observation. This is achieved with no SLM, any customized optical components, or mechanical elements, and voltage is not applied. Notably, the intensity level (0.95 mW/cm2) is well below photodamage or phototoxicity for bioimaging, allowing extended time monitoring of cells. Additionally, due to the large LC's birefringence (Δn=0.2), it is possible not only to visualize a phase object but also to adjust the contrast of stainless samples by just rotating the polarization with a large and continuous dynamic range of phase retardation. In future work, this will enable a simple implementation of differential phase-contrast microscopy and quantitative phase imaging. Due to the low-intensity illumination required, this system can be combined with other imaging techniques, such as tomography and fluorescence microscopy.
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6
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Guan K, Wang P, Zhou F, Wang Y, Liu HW, Xie Q, Song G, Yin X, Huan S, Zhang XB. A two-photon fluorescence self-reporting black phosphorus nanoprobe for the in situ monitoring of therapy response. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14007-14010. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a black phosphorus based two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe (TPBP) for the in situ and real-time reporting of the therapeutic response of black phosphorus.
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7
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Wang P, Zhou F, Guan K, Wang Y, Fu X, Yang Y, Yin X, Song G, Zhang XB, Tan W. In vivo therapeutic response monitoring by a self-reporting upconverting covalent organic framework nanoplatform. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1299-1306. [PMID: 34123254 PMCID: PMC8148386 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The real-time and in situ monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is critical for minimizing the nonspecific damage derived from the high doses of ROS required during the photodynamic therapy (PDT) process. However, phototherapeutic agents that can generate ROS-related imaging signals during PDT are rare, hampering the facile prediction of the future therapeutic outcome. Herein, we develop an upconverting covalent organic framework (COF) nanoplatform via a core-mediated strategy and further functionalized it with a singlet oxygen reporter for the efficient near-infrared activated and in situ self-reporting of PDT. In this work, the COF photodynamic efficacy is greatly improved (12.5 times that of irregular COFs) via tailoring the size. Furthermore, this nanoplatform is able to not only produce singlet oxygen for PDT, but it can also emit singlet oxygen-correlated luminescence, allowing the real-time and in situ monitoring of the therapeutic process for cancer cells or solid tumors in vivo via near-infrared luminescence imaging. Thus, our core-mediated synthetic and size-tailored strategy endows the upconverting COF nanoplatform with promising abilities for high-efficacy, deep-tissue, precise photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Kesong Guan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yue Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xia Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Guosheng Song
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
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8
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Zhang T, Li Y, Zheng Z, Ye R, Zhang Y, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. In Situ Monitoring Apoptosis Process by a Self-Reporting Photosensitizer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5612-5616. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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9
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Gnyawali V, Strohm EM, Wang JZ, Tsai SSH, Kolios MC. Simultaneous acoustic and photoacoustic microfluidic flow cytometry for label-free analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1585. [PMID: 30733497 PMCID: PMC6367457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a label-free microfluidic acoustic flow cytometer (AFC) based on interleaved detection of ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic waves from individual cells and particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The AFC uses ultra-high frequency ultrasound, which has a center frequency of 375 MHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 4 μm, and a nanosecondpulsed laser, to detect individual cells. We validate the AFC by using it to count different color polystyrene microparticles and comparing the results to data from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We also identify and count red and white blood cells in a blood sample using the AFC, and observe an excellent agreement with results obtained from FACS. This new label-free, non-destructive technique enables rapid and multi-parametric studies of individual cells of a large heterogeneous population using parameters such as ultrasound backscatter, optical absorption, and physical properties, for cell counting and sizing in biomedical and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Gnyawali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric M Strohm
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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10
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Cortie MB, Cortie DL, Timchenko V. Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms. Int J Hyperthermia 2019; 34:157-167. [PMID: 29498311 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1410236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the application of optically or magnetically heated nanoparticles to destroy tumours is now well established, the extension of this concept to target pathogens has barely begun. Here we examine the challenge of targeting pathogens by this means and, in particular, explore the issues of power density and heat transfer. Depending on the rate of heating, either hyperthermia or thermoablation may occur. This division of the field is fundamental and implies very different sources of excitation and heat transfer for the two modes, and different strategies for their clinical application. Heating by isolated nanoparticles and by agglomerates of nanoparticles is compared: hyperthermia is much more readily achieved with agglomerates and for large target volumes, a factor which favours magnetic excitation and moderate power densities. In contrast, destruction of planktonic pathogens is best achieved by localised thermoablation and very high power density, a scenario that is best delivered by pulsed optical excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Cortie
- a School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - David L Cortie
- b The Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Victoria Timchenko
- c School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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11
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Galimova VR, Liu M, Franko M, Volkov DS, Hibara A, Proskurnin MA. Hemichrome Determination by Thermal Lensing with Polyethylene Glycols for Signal Enhancement in Aqueous Solutions. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1391828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya R. Galimova
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- University of Nova Gorica, Laboratory for Environmental Research, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- University of Nova Gorica, Laboratory for Environmental Research, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Mladen Franko
- University of Nova Gorica, Laboratory for Environmental Research, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Dmitry S. Volkov
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Akihide Hibara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Shrestha K, Alaulamie AA, Miandashti AR, Richardson HH. Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF 4:Er 3+,Yb 3+ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2916-2924. [PMID: 30546988 PMCID: PMC6278772 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ (ca. 300 nm) have been widely used to measure the temperature at the nanoscale using luminescence ratio thermometry. However, several factors limit their applications. For example, changes in the peak shape, mainly is the S-band emission, hinders their ability to be used as a universal temperature sensor. Herein, we introduce a universal calibration protocol for NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles that is robust to environmental changes and gives a precise temperature measurement. We used this new procedure to calculate the temperature profile inside a Taylor cone generated with an electrospray jet. Inside the Taylor cone the fluid velocity increases toward the tip of the cone. A constant acquisition length leads to a decrease in excitation and acquisition time. This decrease in excitation time causes a peak shape change that corrupts the temperature measurement if the entire peak shape is integrated in the calibration. Our universal calibration circumvents this problem and can be used for time-resolved applications. The temperature at the end of the Taylor cone increases due to the creation of a whispering gallery mode cavity with 980 nm excitation. We use time-resolved energy balance equations to support our optical temperature measurements inside the Taylor cone. We believe that the findings of this paper provide a foundation for time-resolved temperature measurements using NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles and can be used to understand temperature-dependent reactions such as protein unfolding inside microjet/microdroplets and microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Arwa A Alaulamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hugh H Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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13
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Alzyoud JAM, Khan IM, Rees SG. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of varying culture conditions and IPL fluencies on tenocyte activities. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1561-1570. [PMID: 28770401 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are dense, fibrous connective tissues which carry out the essential physiological role of transmitting mechanical forces from skeletal muscle to bone. From a clinical perspective, tendinopathy is very common, both within the sporting arena and amongst the sedentary population. Studies have shown that light therapy may stimulate tendon healing, and more recently, intense pulsed light (IPL) has attracted attention as a potential treatment modality for tendinopathy; however, its mechanism of action and effect on the tendon cells (tenocytes) is poorly understood. The present study therefore investigates the influence of IPL on an in vitro bovine tendon model. Tenocytes were irradiated with IPL at different devise settings and under variable culture conditions (e.g. utilising cell culture media with or without the pH indicator dye phenol red), and changes in tenocyte viability and migration were subsequently investigated using Alamar blue and scratch assays, respectively. Our data demonstrated that IPL fluencies of up to 15.9 J/cm2 proved harmless to the tenocyte cultures (this was the case using culture media with or without phenol red) and resulted in a significant increase in cell viability under certain culture conditions. Furthermore, IPL treatment of tenocytes did not affect the rate of cell migration. This study demonstrates that irradiation with IPL is not detrimental to the tenocytes and may increase their viability under certain conditions, thus validating our in vitro model. Further studies are required to elucidate the effects of IPL application in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad A M Alzyoud
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Ilyas M Khan
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS2, Swansea, SA2 8SS, UK
| | - Sarah G Rees
- Swansea University Medical School, Grove Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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14
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Vegerhof A, Motei M, Rudinzky A, Malka D, Popovtzer R, Zalevsky Z. Thermal therapy with magnetic nanoparticles for cell destruction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4581-4594. [PMID: 27895997 PMCID: PMC5119597 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article we suggest a new concept for cell destruction based upon manipulating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by applying external, low frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) that oscillates the particles, together with focused laser illumination. Assessment of temperature profiles in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma sample showed that cells with MNPs, treated with AMF (3 Hz, 300 mW) and laser irradiation (30 mW), reached 42°C after 4.5 min, as opposed to cells treated with laser but without AMF. Moreover, a theoretical model was developed to assess the overall theoretical temperature rise, which was shown to be 50% lower than the experimental temperature. Furthermore, we found that the combination of laser irradiation and AMF decreased the number of live cells by ~50%. Thus, the concentrated assembly of laser heating with AMF-induced MNP oscillations leads to more rapid and efficient cell death. These results suggest that the manipulated MNP technique can serve as a superior agent for PTT, with improved cell death capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vegerhof
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Menachem Motei
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arkady Rudinzky
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Malka
- Faculty of Engineering Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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15
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Samant P, Chen J, Xiang L. Characterization of the temperature rise in a single cell during photoacoustic tomography at the nanoscale. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:75009. [PMID: 27405264 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.075009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We are developing a label-free nanoscale photoacoustic tomography (nPAT) for imaging a single living cell. nPAT uses a laser-induced acoustic pulse to generate a nanometer-scale image. The primary motivation behind this imaging technique is the imaging of biological cells in the context of diagnosis without fluorescent tagging. During this procedure, thermal damage due to the laser pulse is a potential risk that may damage the cells. A physical model is built to estimate the temperature rise and thermal relaxation during the imaging procedure. Through simulations using finite element methods, two lasers (532 nm at 5 ps pulse duration and 830 nm at 0.2 ps pulse duration) were simulated for imaging red blood cells (RBCs). We demonstrate that a single 5-ps pulse laser with a 400-Hz repetition rate will generate a steady state temperature rise of less than a Kelvin on the surface of the RBCs. All the simulation results show that there is no significant temperature rise in an RBC in either single pulse or multiple pulse illumination with a 532-nm laser with 219 W fluence. Therefore, our simulation results demonstrate the thermal safety of an nPAT system. The photoacoustic signal generated by this laser is on the order of 2.5 kPa, so it should still be large enough to generate high-resolution images with nPAT. Frequency analysis of this signal shows a peak at 1.47 GHz, with frequencies as high as 3.5 GHz still being present in the spectrum. We believe that nPAT will open an avenue for disease diagnosis and cell biology studies at the nanometer-level.
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16
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Li Q, Huang H, Lin F, Wu X. Optical micro-particle size detection by phase-generated carrier demodulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:11458-11465. [PMID: 27410073 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.011458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optical micro-particle size detection technique based on phase sensing by a fiber interferometer through phase-generated carrier (PGC) modulation/demodulation. Particle diameters were resolved from phase shift due to particle-induced optical scattering. Polystyrene nanoparticles, air bubbles and yeast cells in a microfluidic channel were tested using this technique, and particle diameters ranging from 0.7 to 5.5 μm can be resolved in real-time. In comparison with existing amplitude-sensing techniques which require tens of milliwatts of laser irradiance, phase-sensing through PGC can successfully utilize probe laser powers as low as 220 μW to measure the test particle sizes. We further constructed a theoretical model based on phase scattering and PGC demodulation, which obtained good agreement between experimental data and calculated phase shift as a function of particle time-of-flight. This technique may be applied to a wide range of potential applications, ranging from real-time analysis of clinically relevant cell samples, to contamination control of processing fluids used in the semiconductor industry.
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17
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Proskurnin MA, Volkov DS, Gor’kova TA, Bendrysheva SN, Smirnova AP, Nedosekin DA. Advances in thermal lens spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Jang Y, Kim S, Oh WK, Kim C, Lee I, Jang J. A folic acid conjugated silica–titania porous hollow nanosphere for improved topical photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15345-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The folic acid conjugated hollow nanosphere is used to encapsulate protoporphyrin IX and is utilized for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Jang
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Oh
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanhoi Kim
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Inkyu Lee
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2) School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University (SNU)
- Seoul, Korea
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19
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Shakeri-Zadeh A, Kamrava SK, Farhadi M, Hajikarimi Z, Maleki S, Ahmadi A. A scientific paradigm for targeted nanophotothermolysis; the potential for nanosurgery of cancer. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:847-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. In vivo photoacoustic and photothermal cytometry for monitoring multiple blood rheology parameters. Cytometry A 2011; 79:746-57. [PMID: 21948731 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of blood rheology (hemorheology) are important for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of many diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sickle cell anemia, thromboembolism, trauma, inflammation, and malignancy. However, real-time in vivo assessment of multiple hemorheological parameters over long periods of time has not been reported. Here, we review the capabilities of label-free photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) flow cytometry for dynamic monitoring of hemorhelogical parameters in vivo which we refer to as photoacoustic and photothermal blood rheology. Using phenomenological models, we analyze correlations between both PT and PA signal characteristics in the dynamic modes and following determinants of blood rheology: red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, deformability, shape (e.g., as in sickle cells), intracellular hemoglobin distribution, individual cell velocity, hematocrit, and likely shear rate. We present ex vivo and in vivo experimental verifications involving high-speed PT imaging of RBCs, identification of sickle cells in a mouse model of human sickle cell disease and in vivo monitoring of complex hemorheological changes (e.g., RBC deformability, hematocrit and RBC aggregation). The multi-parameter platform that integrates PT, PA, and conventional optical techniques has potential for translation to clinical applications using safe, portable, laser-based medical devices for point-of-care screening of disease progression and therapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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21
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Denton ML, Noojin GD, Foltz MS, Clark CD, Estlack LE, Rockwell BA, Thomas RJ. Spatially correlated microthermography maps threshold temperature in laser-induced damage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:036003. [PMID: 21456867 DOI: 10.1117/1.3548881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured threshold temperatures for cell death resulting from short (0.1-1.0 s) 514-nm laser exposures using an in vitro retinal model. Real-time thermal imaging at sub-cellular resolution provides temperature information that is spatially correlated with cells at the boundary of cell death, as indicate by post-exposure fluorescence images. Our measurements indicate markedly similar temperatures, not only around individual boundaries (single exposure), but among all exposures of the same duration in a laser irradiance-independent fashion. Two different methods yield similar threshold temperatures with low variance. Considering the experimental uncertainties associated with the thermal camera, an average peak temperature of 53 ± 2 °C is found for laser exposures of 0.1, 0.25, and 1.0 s. Additionally, we find a linear relationship between laser exposure duration and time-averaged integrated temperature. The mean thermal profiles for cells at the boundary of death were assessed using the Arrhenius rate law using parameter sets (frequency factor and energy of activation) found in three different articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Denton
- TASC, Inc., Biomedical Sciences and Technology Department, San Antonio, Texas 78235, USA
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22
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Zhao XQ, Wang TX, Liu W, Wang CD, Wang D, Shang T, Shen LH, Ren L. Multifunctional Au@IPN-pNIPAAm nanogels for cancer cell imaging and combined chemo-photothermal treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Brusnichkin AV, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Vladimirov YA, Shevtsova EF, Proskurnin MA, Zharov VP. Ultrasensitive label-free photothermal imaging, spectral identification, and quantification of cytochrome c in mitochondria, live cells, and solutions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:791-806. [PMID: 20572284 PMCID: PMC3350104 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing endogenous cellular proteins, in particular cytochrome c, are used as intrinsic biomarkers for studies of cell biology and environment impacts. To sense cytochrome c against real biological backgrounds, we combined photothermal (PT) thermal-lens single-channel schematic in a back-synchronized measurement mode and a multiplex thermal-lens schematic in a transient high resolution (ca. 350 nm) imaging mode. These multifunctional PT techniques using continuous-wave (cw) Ar+ laser and a nanosecond pulsed optical parametric oscillator in the visible range demonstrated the capability for label-free spectral identification and quantification of trace amounts of cytochrome c in a single mitochondrion alone or within a single live cell. PT imaging data were verified in parallel by molecular targeting and fluorescent imaging of cellular cytochrome c. The detection limit of cytochrome c in a cw mode was 5 x 10(-9) mol/L (80 attomols in the signal-generation zone); that is ca. 10³ lower than conventional absorption spectroscopy. Pulsed fast PT microscopy provided the detection limit for cytochrome c at the level of 13 zmol (13 x 10(-21) mol) in the ultrasmall irradiated volumes limited by optical diffraction effects. For the first time, we demonstrate a combination of high resolution PT imaging with PT spectral identification and ultrasensitive quantitative PT characterization of cytochrome c within individual mitochondria in single live cells. A potential of far-field PT microscopy to sub-zeptomol detection thresholds, resolution beyond diffraction limit, PT Raman spectroscopy, and 3D imaging are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Brusnichkin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Yuri A. Vladimirov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskii prosp. 31-5, Moscow, 117192, Russia
| | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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24
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Bankapur A, Zachariah E, Chidangil S, Valiathan M, Mathur D. Raman tweezers spectroscopy of live, single red and white blood cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10427. [PMID: 20454686 PMCID: PMC2861675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An optical trap has been combined with a Raman spectrometer to make high-resolution measurements of Raman spectra of optically-immobilized, single, live red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) under physiological conditions. Tightly-focused, near infrared wavelength light (1064 nm) is utilized for trapping of single cells and 785 nm light is used for Raman excitation at low levels of incident power (few mW). Raman spectra of RBC recorded using this high-sensitivity, dual-wavelength apparatus has enabled identification of several additional lines; the hitherto-unreported lines originate purely from hemoglobin molecules. Raman spectra of single granulocytes and lymphocytes are interpreted on the basis of standard protein and nucleic acid vibrational spectroscopy data. The richness of the measured spectrum illustrates that Raman studies of live cells in suspension are more informative than conventional micro-Raman studies where the cells are chemically bound to a glass cover slip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseefhali Bankapur
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Elsa Zachariah
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Manna Valiathan
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Deepak Mathur
- Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lapotko D. Plasmonic nanoparticle-generated photothermal bubbles and their biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 4:813-45. [PMID: 19839816 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is focused on the optical generation and detection of photothermal vapor bubbles around plasmonic nanoparticles. We report physical properties of such plasmonic nanobubbles and their biomedical applications as cellular probes. Our experimental studies of gold nanoparticle-generated photothermal bubbles demonstrated the selectivity of photothermal bubble generation, amplification of optical scattering and thermal insulation effect, all realized at the nanoscale. The generation and imaging of photothermal bubbles in living cells (leukemia and carcinoma culture and primary cancerous cells), and tissues (atherosclerotic plaque and solid tumor in animal) demonstrated a noninvasive highly sensitive imaging of target cells by small photothermal bubbles and a selective mechanical, nonthermal damage to the individual target cells by bigger photothermal bubbles due to a rapid disruption of cellular membranes. The analysis of the plasmonic nanobubbles suggests them as theranostic probes, which can be tuned and optically guided at cell level from diagnosis to delivery and therapy during one fast process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Lapotko
- AV Lykov Heat & Mass Transfer Institute, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
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26
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Galanzha EI, Kim JW, Zharov VP. Nanotechnology-based molecular photoacoustic and photothermal flow cytometry platform for in-vivo detection and killing of circulating cancer stem cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2009; 2:725-35. [PMID: 19957272 PMCID: PMC2910622 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200910078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo multicolor photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry for ultrasensitive molecular detection of the CD44+ circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is demonstrated on a mouse model of human breast cancer. Targeting of CTCs with stem-like phenotype, which are naturally shed from parent tumors, was performed with functionalized gold and magnetic nanoparticles. Results in vivo were verified in vitro with a multifunctional microscope, which integrates PA, photothermal (PT), fluorescent and transmission modules. Magnet-induced clustering of magnetic nanoparticles in individual cells significantly amplified PT and PA signals. The novel noninvasive platform, which integrates multispectral PA detection and PT therapy with a potential for multiplex targeting of many cancer biomarkers using multicolor nanoparticles, may prospectively solve grand challenges in cancer research for diagnosis and purging of undetectable yet tumor-initiating cells in circulation before they form metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Institute for Nanoscale Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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27
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Liu C, Li Z, Zhang Z. Mechanisms of laser nanoparticle-based techniques for gene transfection-a calculation study. J Biol Phys 2009; 35:175-83. [PMID: 19669560 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-009-9138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell plasma membranes can be transiently permeabilized to uptake exogenous molecules with high efficiency using a laser nanoparticle-based gene transfection technique. In combination with experimental results, a theoretical model is set up to calculate the temperature distribution and variance around the nanoparticles. This paper also provides a thorough discussion of the underlying mechanisms of cell permeabilization. We find that, rapid heating of the particles and the accompanying extreme temperature rise can lead to microbubble formation around laser-heated particles, which is the origin of photoacoustic effects and other nonlinear optical responses. This transient heat is also capable of causing protein denaturation through thermal inactivation and photochemistry. Furthermore, the dynamic mode that involves the overlapping of bubbles is presented. This mode can significantly increase the plasma membrane permeability of the cells without affecting their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Liu
- Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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28
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Snook RD, Harvey TJ, Correia Faria E, Gardner P. Raman tweezers and their application to the study of singly trapped eukaryotic cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:43-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b815253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Shashkov EV, Kim JW, Khlebtsov NG, Tuchin VV. Photoacoustic flow cytometry: principle and application for real-time detection of circulating single nanoparticles, pathogens, and contrast dyes in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:051503. [PMID: 17994867 DOI: 10.1117/1.2793746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) for time-resolved detection of circulating absorbing objects, either without labeling or with nanoparticles as PA labels. This study represents the first attempt, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the capability of PAFC with tunable near-infrared (NIR) pulse lasers for real-time monitoring of gold nanorods, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli labeled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and contrast dye Lymphazurin in the microvessels of mouse and rat ears and mesenteries. PAFC shows the unprecedented threshold sensitivity in vivo as one gold nanoparticle in the irradiated volume and as one bacterium in the background of 10(8) of normal blood cells. The CNTs are demonstrated to serve as excellent new NIR high-PA contrast agents. Fast Lymphazurin diffusion in live tissue is observed with rapid blue coloring of a whole animal body. The enhancement of the thermal and acoustic effects is obtained with clustered, multilayer, and exploded nanoparticles. This novel combination of PA microscopy/spectroscopy and flow cytometry may be considered as a new powerful tool in biological research with the potential of quick translation to humans, providing ultrasensitive diagnostics of pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, helminthes), metastatic, infected, inflamed, stem, and dendritic cells, and pharmacokinetics of drug, liposomes, and nanoparticles in deep vessels (with focused transducers) among other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Phillips Classic Laser Laboratories, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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30
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV. Photothermal flow cytometry in vitro for detection and imaging of individual moving cells. Cytometry A 2007; 71:191-206. [PMID: 17323354 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photothermal (PT) cytometry has recently demonstrated great potential for the label-free detection of nonfluorescent cells under static conditions. The goal of our investigation was to expand this technique to the detection of flowing cells in vitro. METHODS Cells in flow were irradiated with short, tunable laser pulses (420-2,300 nm, 8 ns), and the absorbed energy was detected by monitoring of the temperature-dependent variations in the refractive index in the cells with a second, collinear probe beam in two modes: (a) PT imaging of single cells with a pulsed probe beam (639 nm, 13 ns) and (b) thermolens monitoring of the integral PT responses from individual cells as whole with a continuous-wave probe beam (633 nm, 2 mW). RESULTS PT flow cytometry at the current speed of analysis of 10 cell/s, with the capability to image selected cells of interest flowing at velocities up to 2 m/s, demonstrated the capability for (a) label-free detection of flowing single cells (e.g., blood and cancer cells) on the basis of the differences in their endogenous absorption properties, (b) identification of cells labeled with gold nanoparticles, (c) rapid cell viability testing, (d) aggregation immunoassay, and (e) optimization of selective nanophotothermolysis. CONCLUSIONS PT cytometry can be extended to the study of cells in flow. This new technique increases the speed of cell analysis approximately 10(2) times over that of conventional PT technique, with the potential to achieve a rate of 10(4)-10(5) cells/s in specific PT applications, which has previously been realized only with cells under static conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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31
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Zharov VP, Galitovskiy V, Lyle CS, Chambers TC. Superhigh-sensitivity photothermal monitoring of individual cell response to antitumor drug. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:064034. [PMID: 17212557 DOI: 10.1117/1.2405349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe and explore the capability of a photothermal (PT) assay with modified schematics for highly sensitive detection of individual cell response to antitumor drug impact in vitro. Specifically, we used the nonlinear differential PT test to measure distinctive changes of specific PT parameters after exposure of KB3 carcinoma cells to the antitumor drug vinblastine in the broad concentration range of 10(-10) to 300 nM. Verification of the PT assay was performed by comparison with multidrug-resistant cells and comparison with conventional assays evaluating cell viability, cytochrome c release, apoptosis induction, and cell size. We demonstrate that this system is capable of detecting drug-induced signals at a concentration threshold sensitivity at least seven orders of magnitude better than existing assays. We anticipate that this technique may serve as a convenient and rapid analytical tool to evaluate the presence of intracellular drug, with applications in high throughput screening assays and for studying drug uptake and distribution in more complex biological or clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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32
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Zharov VP, Galitovskaya EN, Johnson C, Kelly T. Synergistic enhancement of selective nanophotothermolysis with gold nanoclusters: potential for cancer therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2006; 37:219-26. [PMID: 16175635 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We developed a new approach that enhances selective photothermolysis of tumor through laser activation of synergistic phenomena around nanoclusters, which are self-assembled into cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro verification of this approach was performed by laser pulse irradiation (420-570 nm and 1064 nm; 8-12 nanosecond; 0.1-10 J/cm2) of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells targeted with primary antibodies to which 40-nm gold nanoparticles were selectively attached by means of secondary antibodies. Photothermal (PT) radiometry, thermolens techniques, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, silver and gold enhancing kits, and viability test (Annexin V-propidium iodide) were employed to study nanoparticle spatial organization, the dynamics of microbubble formation, and cell damage. RESULTS The assembly of gold nanoclusters on the cell membrane was accompanied by increased local absorption and red-shifting as compared to cells that did not have nanoclusters. These effects were amplified by a silver-enhancing kit and pre-irradiation of cells with low laser-pulse energy. Finally, a significant increase in laser-induced bubble formation and cancer cell killing was observed using near-IR lasers (1064 nm). A cancer cell antigens was used to provide target specificity for nanoclusters formation making the cancer cells sensitive to laser activation. CONCLUSION The described approach uses relatively small and simple gold nanoparticles offering more effective delivery to target. In addition, the further self-assembling of these nanoparticles into nanoclusters on live cells provides significant enhancement of laser-induced cell damage. These nanoclusters (gold "nanobombs") can be activated in cancer cells only by confining near-IR laser pulse energy within the critical mass of the nanoparticles in the nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Laser-activated micro- and nano-bubbles (LAB) in cells may be used as universal and sensitive non-toxic probes for measuring functional properties of individual cells. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Such bubbles can be detected and imaged by microscopy and flow cytometry. LABs in living blood and tumor cells were induced by pulsed (532 nm, 10 nanoseconds) laser radiation and detected by the thermal lens optical method. RESULTS Registered lifetime and maximal diameter of the studied LABs varied within the ranges of 0.02-10 microseconds and 0.44-100 microm, respectively. LAB parameters, thresholds and probabilities, were found to depend upon the physiological state of cells. Specificity and sensitivity of LAB cytometry were increased due to the use of light-absorbing nanoparticles conjugated to specific monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSIONS LAB were found to be the universal phenomena that can be used for sensitive and non-invasive monitoring of any individual cell, intact or nanoparticle-treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri O Lapotko
- Laser Cytotechnology Laboratory, Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
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Zharov VP, Kim JW, Curiel DT, Everts M. Self-assembling nanoclusters in living systems: application for integrated photothermal nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2005; 1:326-45. [PMID: 17292107 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies represent an unprecedented recent advance that may revolutionize many areas of medicine and biology, including cancer diagnostics and treatment. Nanoparticle-based technologies have demonstrated especially high potential for medical purposes, ranging from diagnosing diseases to providing novel therapies. However, to be clinically relevant, the existing nanoparticle-based technologies must overcome several challenges, including selective nanoparticle delivery, potential cytotoxicity, imaging of nanoparticles, and real-time assessment of their therapeutic efficacy. This review addresses these issues by summarizing the recent advances in medical diagnostics and therapy with a focus on the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into nanoclusters in live cells, in combination with their detection using photothermal (PT) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, the Arkansas Cancer Research Center, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Zharov VP, Mercer KE, Galitovskaya EN, Smeltzer MS. Photothermal nanotherapeutics and nanodiagnostics for selective killing of bacteria targeted with gold nanoparticles. Biophys J 2005; 90:619-27. [PMID: 16239330 PMCID: PMC1367066 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.061895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a new method for selective laser killing of bacteria targeted with light-absorbing gold nanoparticles conjugated with specific antibodies. The multifunctional photothermal (PT) microscope/spectrometer provides a real-time assessment of this new therapeutic intervention. In this integrated system, strong laser-induced overheating effects accompanied by the bubble-formation phenomena around clustered gold nanoparticles are the main cause of bacterial damage. PT imaging and time-resolved monitoring of the integrated PT responses assessed these effects. Specifically, we used this technology for selective killing of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus by targeting the bacterial surface using 10-, 20-, and 40-nm gold particles conjugated with anti-protein A antibodies. Labeled bacteria were irradiated with focused laser pulses (420-570 nm, 12 ns, 0.1-5 J/cm(2), 100 pulses), and laser-induced bacterial damage observed at different laser fluences and nanoparticle sizes was verified by optical transmission, electron microscopy, and conventional viability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV. Integrated photothermal flow cytometry in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:051502. [PMID: 16292946 DOI: 10.1117/1.2070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of integrated flow cytometry to detect, in real time, moving cells in their natural states in vivo is demonstrated in a study of circulating red and white blood cells in lymph and blood flow of rat mesentery. This system combines dual pump-probe photothermal (PT) techniques, such as PT imaging, the PT thermolens method, and PT velocimetry, with high-resolution (up to 0.3 microm), high-speed (up to 1000 fps) transmission digital microscopy (TDM) and fluorescence imaging. All PT techniques are based on irradiation of cells in rat mesenteric microvessels with a spectrally tunable laser pulse (420 to 570 nm, 8 ns, 0.1 to 300 microJ) and on detection of temperature-dependent variations of the refractive index with a second continuous probe laser beam (633 nm, 1.4 mW). We focus on intravital monitoring of the integral PT response from single, moving, unlabeled cells (from 100 to 500 cells in one measurement). Potential in vivo applications of this new optical tool, called PT flow cytometry (PTFC), are discussed, including identification of selected cells with differences in natural absorptive properties and sizes, determination of laser-induced cell damage, estimation of flow velocity, and monitoring of circulating cells labeled with PT probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, 4301 West Markham St. #543, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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Zharov VP, Galitovsky V, Chowdhury P. Nanocluster model of photothermal assay: application for high-sensitive monitoring of nicotine-induced changes in metabolism, apoptosis, and necrosis at a cellular level. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:44011. [PMID: 16178645 DOI: 10.1117/1.1990200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the capability of a photothermal (PT) assay to monitor the impact of nicotine on pancreatic cancer cells (AR42J). The specific PT response is closely proportional to nicotine concentrations at concentration range 1 nM to 100 microM, while at high concentrations of nicotine ranging from 1 mM to 50 mM, PT response shows dramatic decrease. According to the theoretical model, the mechanism of the PT assay is associated with metabolic and apoptotic-related shrinking of local cellular absorbing nanoscale zones caused by increased local absorption at low nicotine doses, while high doses of nicotine lead to apoptotic release of absorbing component (cytochrome c) into the intracellular space, and necrotic swelling of organelles, thereby causing a decrease in local absorption. This model is verified with conventional imaging and with Annexin-V Propidium iodide kits. The PT assay, in addition to its high sensitivity (3 orders of magnitude better than conventional assay), shows the potential to distinguish between various functional states of cells that are associated with changes in metabolism, early and late stages of apoptosis, and necrosis. Comparison of PT responses of pancreatic tumor cells AR42J with isolated primary pancreatic acinar cells and HepG2 cells shows a universal nature of PT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, 4301 West Markham Street, Number 543, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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Hüttmann G, Yao C, Endl E. New concepts in laser medicine: Towards a laser surgery with cellular precision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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