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Wallblom K, Lundgren S, Saleh K, Schmidtchen A, Puthia M. Image-based non-invasive assessment of suction blister wounds for clinical safety and efficacy. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:343-359. [PMID: 38511666 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Recognising the need for objective imaging-based technologies to assess wound healing in clinical studies, the suction blister wound model offers an easily accessible wound model that creates reproducible epidermal wounds that heal without scarring. This study provides a comprehensive methodology for implementing and evaluating photography-based imaging techniques utilising the suction blister wound model. Our method encompasses a protocol for capturing consistent, high-quality photographs and procedures for quantifying these images via a visual wound healing score and a computer-assisted colour analysis of wound exudation and wound redness. We employed this methodology on 16 suction blister wounds used as controls in a clinical phase-1 trial. Our method enabled us to discern and quantify subtle differences between individual wounds concerning healing progress, erythema and wound exudation. The wound healing score exhibited a high inter-rater agreement. There was a robust correlation between the spectrophotometer-measured erythema index and photography-based wound redness, as well as between dressing protein content and photography-based dressing yellowness. In conclusion, this study equips researchers conducting clinical wound studies with reproducible methods that may support future wound research and aid in the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wallblom
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Lundgren
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim Saleh
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Flynn K, Mahmoud NN, Sharifi S, Gould LJ, Mahmoudi M. Chronic Wound Healing Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:783-801. [PMID: 37200810 PMCID: PMC10186367 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review and analyze the commonly available wound healing models reported in the literature and discuss their advantages and issues, considering their relevance and translational potential to humans. Our analysis includes different in vitro and in silico as well as in vivo models and experimental techniques. We further explore the new technologies in the study of wound healing to provide an all encompassing review of the most efficient ways to proceed with wound healing experiments. We revealed that there is not one model of wound healing that is superior and can give translatable results to human research. Rather, there are many different models that have specific uses for studying certain processes or stages of wound healing. Our analysis suggests that when performing an experiment to assess stages of wound healing or different therapies to enhance healing, one must consider not only the species that will be used but also the type of model and how this can best replicate the physiology or pathophysiology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Flynn
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of
Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Lisa J. Gould
- Department
of Surgery, South Shore Hospital, South Weymouth, Massachusetts 02190, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
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3
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Lim Y, Lee H, Woodby B, Valacchi G. Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2264-2278. [PMID: 31267858 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190702100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils. In the present review, we intend to summarize the actual state of the art of the topical usage of ozonated oil in cutaneous wounds with special emphasis to the importance of the ozonated degree of the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Plant for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis Research Center, North Carolina State University, 28081, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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4
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Schmitt L, Marquardt Y, Heise R, von Felbert V, Amann PM, Huth L, Steiner T, Hölzle F, Huth S, Baron JM. Novel Human Full-Thickness Three-Dimensional Nonkeratinized Mucous Membrane Model for Pharmacological Studies in Wound Healing. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:265-274. [PMID: 31284289 DOI: 10.1159/000501733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efforts are increasingly aiming to develop in vitro models that can provide effective alternatives to in vivo experiments. The main aim of this study was the establishment of an in vitro model of the nonkeratinized mucous membrane that can be used as a standardized tool to evaluate biological and therapeutic effects of pharmaceuticals for mucosal wound healing. METHODS We established a full-thickness in vitro model of the nonkeratinized mucous membrane. While histological examination was performed to assess morphological characteristics, we utilized gene expression profiling using microarray and qRT-PCR analyses to identify molecular effects of treatment with a dexpanthenol-containing ointment after laser wounding. RESULTS Performing histological and immunofluorescence analyses we proved that our model mimics the two distinctive layers of the mucous membrane - the stratified squamous epithelium and the lamina propria. We used this model to investigate molecular effects of a dexpanthenol-containing ointment that is commonly used for the wound treatment of mucous membranes. For that purpose, our model exhibits a unique feature in that dexpanthenol and proliferation-enhancing additives that may interfere with our studies are not required for the maintenance of the model culture. After setting standardized lesions with a nonsequential fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser, topical treatment with the dexpanthenol-containing ointment enhanced wound closure in the model compared to placebo and untreated controls. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that the treatment of the laser-wounded model with the dexpanthenol-containing ointment evoked an upregulated expression of various genes related to accelerated wound healing. CONCLUSION Overall, we verified that this novel mucous membrane model can be utilized in future to monitor ex vivo effects of various topical therapies on mucosa morphology, physiology, and gene expression. Our findings confirm the potential of the model as an in vitro tool for the replacement of pharmacological in vivo studies regarding mucosal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Schmitt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena von Felbert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Amann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, SLK Hospital Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Laura Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timm Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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5
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Larsen HF, Ahlström MG, Gjerdrum LMR, Mogensen M, Ghathian K, Calum H, Sørensen AL, Forman JL, Vandeven M, Holerca MN, Du-Thumm L, Jorgensen LN, Ågren MS. Noninvasive measurement of reepithelialization and microvascularity of suction-blister wounds with benchmarking to histology. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 25:984-993. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi F. Larsen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Malin G. Ahlström
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Mette Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Khaled Ghathian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne L. Sørensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julie L. Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Lars N. Jorgensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Magnus S. Ågren
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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6
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Ahlström M, Gjerdrum L, Larsen H, Fuchs C, Sørensen A, Forman J, Ågren M, Mogensen M. Suction blister lesions and epithelialization monitored by optical coherence tomography. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:65-72. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Ahlström
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L.M.R. Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - H.F. Larsen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Fuchs
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A.L. Sørensen
- Section of Biostatistics; Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J.L. Forman
- Section of Biostatistics; Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M.S. Ågren
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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7
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Schmitt L, Amann PM, Marquardt Y, Heise R, Czaja K, Gerber PA, Steiner T, Hölzle F, Baron JM. Molecular effects of fractional ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment with multiple stacked pulses on standardized human three-dimensional organotypic skin models. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:805-814. [PMID: 28299490 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular changes in gene expression following ablative laser treatment of skin lesions, such as atrophic scars and UV-damaged skin, are not completely understood. A standardized in vitro model of human skin, to study the effects of laser treatment on human skin, has been recently developed. Therefore, the aim of the investigation was to examine morphological and molecular changes caused by fractional ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment on an in vitro full-thickness 3D standardized organotypic model of human skin. A fractional ablative erbium:YAG laser was used to irradiate organotypic human 3D models. Laser treatments were performed at four different settings using a variety of stacked pulses with similar cumulative total energy fluence (60 J/cm2). Specimens were harvested at specified time points and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and microarray studies were performed. Frozen sections were examined histologically. Three days after erbium:YAG laser treatment, a significantly increased mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, TIMP1, and TIMP2), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, and CXCL6), and cytokines such as IL6, IL8, and IL24 could be detected. qRT-PCR studies confirmed the enhanced mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, IL24, CXCLs, and MMPs. In contrast, the mRNA expression of epidermal differentiation markers, such as keratin-associated protein 4, filaggrin, filaggrin 2, and loricrin, and antimicrobial peptides (S100A7A, S100A9, and S100A12) as well as CASP14, DSG2, IL18, and IL36β was reduced. Four different settings with similar cumulative doses have been tested (N10%, C10%, E10%, and W25%). These laser treatments resulted in different morphological changes and effects on gene regulations. Longer pulse durations (1000 μs) especially had the strongest impact on gene expression and resulted in an upregulation of genes, such as collagen-1A2, collagen-5A2, and collagen-6A2, as well as FGF2. Histologically, all treatment settings resulted in a complete regeneration of the epidermis 3 days after irradiation. Fractional ablative erbium:YAG laser treatment with a pulse stacking technique resulted in histological alterations and shifts in the expression of various genes related to epidermal differentiation, inflammation, and dermal remodeling depending on the treatment setting applied. A standardized in vitro 3D model of human skin proved to be a useful tool for exploring the effects of various laser settings both on skin morphology and gene expression during wound healing. It provides novel data on the gene expression and microscopic architecture of the exposed skin. This may enhance our understanding of laser treatment at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Schmitt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - P M Amann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Y Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Czaja
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - P A Gerber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Laser Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Wilhelm KP, Wilhelm D, Bielfeldt S. Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:3-12. [PMID: 27503009 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of wounds has always provided challenges for the medical community whether chronic or acute. Understanding the processes which enable wounds to heal is primarily carried out by the use of models, in vitro, animal and human. It is generally accepted that the use of human models offers the best opportunity to understand the factors that influence wound healing as well as to evaluate efficacy of treatments applied to wounds. OBJECTIVES The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the different methodologies that are currently used to experimentally induce wounds of various depths in human volunteers and examines the information that may be gained from them. METHODS There is a number of human volunteer healing models available varying in their invasiveness to reflect the different possible depth levels of wounds. RESULTS Currently available wound healing models include sequential tape stripping, suction blister, abrasion, laser, dermatome, and biopsy techniques. The various techniques can be utilized to induce wounds of variable depth, from removing solely the stratum corneum barrier, the epidermis to even split-thickness or full thickness wounds. CONCLUSION Depending on the study objective, a number of models exist to study wound healing in humans. These models provide efficient and reliable results to evaluate treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-P Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany.,Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Bielfeldt
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Normal, Chronologically Aged, Photoaged and Photodamaged Skin: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Surg 2015; 41:993-1005. [PMID: 26322560 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of providing a noninvasive real-time cross-sectional image of the skin through light-based interferometry, a method sometimes described as "light-based ultrasound." One key application of OCT in dermatology is the visualization of dermal collagen during chronological aging, photoaging, or photodamage. These skin conditions are typically managed by the practitioner's subjective assessment of severity and response to therapy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present available evidence on the ability of OCT to image normal, chronologically aged, photoaged and photodamaged skin in human subjects. METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors have searched Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for published literature on the imaging of skin collagen by OCT using the following search terms: "optical coherence tomography," "OCT," "skin," "collagen," "photoaging," "wrinkles," and "photodamage." RESULTS The search resulted in 23 articles investigating OCT-based skin collagen imaging, which met their search criteria. CONCLUSION The authors anticipate tremendous growth in the field of OCT-based skin imaging that will parallel the development ultrasound technology has experienced over the past 30 years. They foresee that the use of OCT imaging to evaluate skin aging will not only help identify pathological changes earlier, but will also assist in the evaluation of the response to therapy longitudinally without biopsy.
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10
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Marquardt Y, Amann PM, Heise R, Czaja K, Steiner T, Merk HF, Skazik‐Voogt C, Baron JM. Characterization of a novel standardized human three‐dimensional skin wound healing model using non‐sequential fractional ultrapulsed CO
2
laser treatments. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:257-65. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Philipp M. Amann
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Katharina Czaja
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Timm Steiner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryMedical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Hans F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Jens M. Baron
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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11
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Kottner J, Hillmann K, Fimmel S, Seite S, Blume-Peytavi U. Characterisation of epidermal regeneration in vivo: a 60-day follow-up study. J Wound Care 2013; 22:395-400. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2013.22.8.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kottner
- Clinical Research Centre for Hair and skin science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité university Medicine Berlin, Germany
- La Roche-Posay laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Asnieres, France
| | - K. Hillmann
- Clinical Research Centre for Hair and skin science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité university Medicine Berlin, Germany
- La Roche-Posay laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Asnieres, France
| | - S. Fimmel
- Clinical Research Centre for Hair and skin science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité university Medicine Berlin, Germany
- La Roche-Posay laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Asnieres, France
| | - S. Seite
- Clinical Research Centre for Hair and skin science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité university Medicine Berlin, Germany
- La Roche-Posay laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Asnieres, France
| | - U. Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Centre for Hair and skin science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité university Medicine Berlin, Germany
- La Roche-Posay laboratoire Pharmaceutique, Asnieres, France
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