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Nonablative Fractional Laser Treatment Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Subsequent Facial Keratinocyte Carcinoma Development. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:149-154. [PMID: 36728065 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is the most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Currently, prophylactic treatment options are limited. Nonablative fractional lasers (NAFL) have received the Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of actinic damage; however, their role in KC prophylaxis is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine whether NAFL treatment is associated with a decrease in subsequent facial KC development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients with a history of facial KC treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital Dermatology Laser and Cosmetic Center between 2005 and 2021 was conducted. RESULTS Forty-three NAFL-treated patients with a history of facial KC and 52 matched control subjects were included in the study. The rate of subsequent facial KC development was 20.9% in NAFL-treated patients and 40.4% in control subjects (RR 0.52, p = .049). Control subjects developed new facial KC significantly sooner than NAFL-treated patients (p = .033). When controlling for age, gender, and skin type, control subjects were more likely to develop new facial KC than NAFL-treated patients (hazard ratio 2.65, p = .0169). CONCLUSION NAFL treatment was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent facial KC development and may have a benefit for KC prophylaxis.
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Influence of Perioperative Anesthesia on Cancer Recurrence: from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:63-81. [PMID: 36512273 PMCID: PMC9745294 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW In this review, we will summarize the effects of these perioperative anesthetics and anesthetic interventions on the immune system and tumorigenesis as well as address the related clinical evidence on cancer-related mortality and recurrence. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For many solid tumors, surgery is one of the major therapies. Unfortunately, surgery promotes angiogenesis, shedding of circulating cancer cells, and suppresses immunity. Hence, the perioperative period has a close relationship with cancer metastases or recurrence. In the perioperative period, patients require multiple anesthetic management including anesthetics, anesthetic techniques, and body temperature control. Preclinical and retrospective studies have found that these anesthetic agents and interventions have complex effects on cancer outcomes. Therefore, well-planned, prospective, randomized controlled trials are required to explore the effects of different anesthetics and techniques on long-term outcomes after cancer surgery. Due to the conflicting effects of anesthetic management on cancer recurrence, further preclinical and clinical trials are required and beneficial to the development of systemic cancer therapies.
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Zhang Y, Jing Y, Pan R, Ding K, Chen R, Meng Q. Mechanisms of Cancer Inhibition by Local Anesthetics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770694. [PMID: 34950031 PMCID: PMC8688799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of local anesthetics during surgical treatment of cancer patients is an important part of perioperative analgesia. In recent years, it has been showed that local anesthetics can directly or indirectly affect the progression of tumors. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that local anesthetics reduced cancer recurrence. The etiology of this effect is likely multifactorial. Numerous mechanisms were proposed based on the local anesthetic used and the type of cancer. Mechanisms center on NaV1.5 channels, Ras homolog gene family member A, cell cycle, endothelial growth factor receptor, calcium Influx, microRNA and mitochondrial, in combination with hyperthermia and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channels. Local anesthetics significantly decrease the proliferation of cancers, including ovarian, breast, prostate, thyroid, colon, glioma, and histiocytic lymphoma cell cancers, by activating cell death signaling and decreasing survival pathways. We also summarized clinical evidence and randomized trial data to confirm that local anesthetics inhibited tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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de Moura LD, Ribeiro LNM, de Carvalho FV, Rodrigues da Silva GH, Lima Fernandes PC, Brunetto SQ, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, de Araújo DR, de Paula E. Docetaxel and Lidocaine Co-Loaded (NLC-in-Hydrogel) Hybrid System Designed for the Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101552. [PMID: 34683846 PMCID: PMC8537790 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin carcinoma and nanotechnology can bring new options for its pharmacological treatment. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are ideal drug-delivery carriers for hydrophobic drugs, such as the antineoplastic docetaxel (DTX), and hybrid (NLC-in-hydrogel) systems are suitable for topical application. This work describes a formulation of NLCDTX in xanthan-chitosan hydrogel containing lidocaine (LDC) with anticancer and analgesia effects. The optimized nanoparticles encapsulated 96% DTX and rheological analysis revealed inherent viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel. In vitro assays over murine fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and melanoma cells (B16-F10), human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma cells (SK-MEL-103) showed reduction of docetaxel cytotoxicity after encapsulation in NLCDTX and HGel-NLCDTX. Addition of LDC to the hybrid system (HGel-NLCDTX-LDC) increased cell death in tumor and normal cells. In vivo tests on C57BL/6J mice with B16-F10-induced melanoma indicated that LDC, NLCDTX, HGel-NLCDTX-LDC and NLCDTX + HGel-LDC significantly inhibited tumor growth while microPET/SPECT/CT data suggest better prognosis with the hybrid treatment. No adverse effects were observed in cell survival, weight/feed-consumption or serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST, creatinine, urea) of animals treated with NLCDTX or the hybrid system. These results confirm the adjuvant antitumor effect of lidocaine and endorse HGel-NLCDTX-LDC as a promising formulation for the topical treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla David de Moura
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia—UFU, Uberlândia 38405-319, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola V. de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Gustavo H. Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Priscila C. Lima Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
| | - Sérgio Q. Brunetto
- Radiology Department, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (S.Q.B.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Celso D. Ramos
- Radiology Department, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (S.Q.B.); (C.D.R.)
| | - Lício A. Velloso
- Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine Science, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | - Daniele R. de Araújo
- Human and Natural Science Center, ABC Federal University—UFABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (L.D.d.M.); (L.N.M.R.); (F.V.d.C.); (G.H.R.d.S.); (P.C.L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Mehrabi JN, Kelly KM, Holmes JD, Zachary CB. Assessing the Outcomes of Focused Heating of the Skin by a Long-Pulsed 1064 nm Laser with an Integrated Scanner, Infrared Thermal Guidance, and Optical Coherence Tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:806-814. [PMID: 33450784 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Long-term benefits can be predicted by the incorporation of more intelligent systems in lasers and other devices. Such systems can produce more reliable zones of thermal injury when used in association with non-invasive monitoring and precise laser energy delivery. The more classical endpoint of tumor destruction with radiofrequency or long-pulsed (LP) 1064 nm laser is the non-specific appearance of tissue graying and tissue contraction. Herein we discuss combining non-invasive LP 1064 nm Nd:YAG treatment with the assistance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the forward-looking infrared (FLIR) thermal camera while testing literature-based formulae for thermal destruction. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The skin on the forearm and back of two consenting volunteers was marked and anesthetized with lidocaine with epinephrine. The parameters of a scanner-equipped LP 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser were adjusted to achieve an epidermal/superficial dermal heating of between 50°C and 60°C over a specified time course. Experimental single treatments examined various adjusted parameters including, fluence, pulse overlap, pulse duration, scan size, and pulse rate. A FLIR camera was used to record skin temperature. Outcome measures included skin temperature, post-treatment appearance, and OCT assessment of skin and vascular damage. The clinical response of each treatment was followed daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS Optimal protocols initially raised the skin temperature to between 55°C and 60°C, which was carefully maintained using subsequent laser passes over a 60-second time course. Immediately post laser, clinical responses included erythema, edema, and blistering. Immediate OCT revealed increased vascularity with intact, dilated blood vessels. Prolonged exposure above 60°C resulted in sub-epidermal blistering and an absence of blood flow in the treatment area with prolonged healing. CONCLUSION The LP 1064 nm laser can be used to achieve heat-related tissue injury, though the narrow parameters necessary for the desired endpoint require the assistance of IR thermal regulation to avoid unacceptable outcomes. The use of the laser scanner ensures precise energy delivery over a defined treatment area. Future studies might explore this as a selective hyperthermic method for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Mehrabi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Kristen M Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697.,Beckman Laser Institute, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92612
| | - Jon D Holmes
- Michelson Diagnostics Ltd., Maidstone, ME14 3EN, UK
| | - Christopher B Zachary
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
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Cortés H, Reyes-Hernández OD, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Bernal-Chávez SA, Caballero-Florán IH, González-Torres M, Sharifi-Rad J, González-Del Carmen M, Figueroa-González G, Leyva-Gómez G. Repurposing of Drug Candidates for Treatment of Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605714. [PMID: 33489912 PMCID: PMC7821387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic. Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10–15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs’ repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio D Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Bernal-Chávez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isaac H Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- CONACyT-Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing burden from basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has stimulated the development of alternative treatments for these tumors. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on upcoming laser treatments for BCC and highlights the limitations of these therapies. METHODS A PUBMED search was conducted for articles on laser therapy of BCC. Key studies involving lasers to treat BCC were reviewed. Novel approaches to BCC are also described. RESULTS Vascular-specific laser therapy has increasingly been studied as an addition in the therapeutic armamentarium of BCC. Although these studies demonstrate efficacy for nonaggressive BCC, optimization of this technique is ongoing to minimize scarring. A more targeted approach to the treatment of BCC, such as immunized photothermal therapy or laser-assisted chemotherapeutic delivery, may result in less scarring, while maintaining efficacy similar to that of lasers targeting tumor vasculature. CONCLUSION Vascular-specific laser therapies show promise in treating low-risk BCC; however, scarring is not an uncommon adverse event. Although only animal studies have been performed to date, laser-activated gold nanoparticle therapy and laser-assisted drug delivery of vismodegib are potential therapies that theoretically confer a more selective approach. Laser modalities demonstrate promise in the treatment of nonaggressive BCC, although long-term studies have yet to be published.
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Zhou D, Wang L, Cui Q, Iftikhar R, Xia Y, Xu P. Repositioning Lidocaine as an Anticancer Drug: The Role Beyond Anesthesia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:565. [PMID: 32766241 PMCID: PMC7379838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While cancer treatment has improved dramatically, it has also encountered many critical challenges, such as disease recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, making new drugs with novel mechanisms an urgent clinical need. The term “drug repositioning,” also known as old drugs for new uses, has emerged as one practical strategy to develop new anticancer drugs. Anesthetics have been widely used in surgical procedures to reduce the excruciating pain. Lidocaine, one of the most-used local anesthetics in clinical settings, has been found to show multi-activities, including potential in cancer treatment. Growing evidence shows that lidocaine may not only work as a chemosensitizer that sensitizes other conventional chemotherapeutics to certain resistant cancer cells, but also could suppress cancer cells growth by single use at different doses or concentrations. Lidocaine could suppress cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo via multiple mechanisms, such as regulating epigenetic changes and promoting pro-apoptosis pathways, as well as regulating ABC transporters, metastasis, and angiogenesis, etc., providing valuable information for its further application in cancer treatment and for new drug discovery. In addition, lidocaine is now under clinical trials to treat certain types of cancer. In the current review, we summarize the research and analyze the underlying mechanisms, and address key issues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daipeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pinghu First People's Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pinghu First People's Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ryma Iftikhar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yanfei Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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