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Kim YH, Kim HS, Kim HK, Kim SY, Lee J, Kim YC, Park YJ. Very Early Pulsed Dye Laser Intervention for Optimal Cosmetic Outcome in Post-Thyroidectomy Scars. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:877-884. [PMID: 38644991 PMCID: PMC11032680 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s444885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Early intervention of surgical scars with a pulsed dye laser is known to effectively prevent pathologic scars. Despite multiple reports on the effectiveness of the treatment, very few studies have demonstrated its appropriate initiation timing. In this study, our objective was to determine the optimal timing for initiating laser treatment following thyroidectomy. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 91 patients undergoing pulsed dye laser treatment post-thyroidectomy, grouping them by treatment initiation timing. The patients underwent treatment at intervals of 3-4 weeks with at least five sessions. Those with a high pliability score were injected with intralesional corticosteroids. The Antera 3D® skin imaging analyzer was used to assess biophysical parameters. Results The total Vancouver Scar Scale score significantly reduced after treatment in all groups. The Vancouver Scar Scale score reduction rate was significantly higher after treatment in the group for which the treatment was initiated within 3 weeks of surgery. The pigmentation and erythema score analyzed by Antera 3D® was also lower in this group. Conclusion Early intervention using a pulsed dye laser within 3 weeks of thyroidectomy can substantially inhibit pathological scar development, providing physicians with a guide for optimal treatment commencement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yul Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seul Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung Kyoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Meikle B, Simons M, Mahoney T, Reddan T, Dai B, Kimble RM, Tyack Z. Ultrasound measurement of traumatic scar and skin thickness: a scoping review of evidence across the translational pipeline of research-to-practice. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078361. [PMID: 38594186 PMCID: PMC11015304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the ultrasound methods used in the literature to measure traumatic scar thickness, and map gaps in the translation of these methods using evidence across the research-to-practice pipeline. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Electronic database searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science. Grey literature searches were conducted in Google. Searches were conducted from inception (date last searched 27 May 2022). DATA EXTRACTION Records using brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound to measure scar and skin thickness across the research-to-practice pipeline of evidence were included. Data were extracted from included records pertaining to: methods used; reliability and measurement error; clinical, health service, implementation and feasibility outcomes; factors influencing measurement methods; strengths and limitations; and use of measurement guidelines and/or frameworks. RESULTS Of the 9309 records identified, 118 were analysed (n=82 articles, n=36 abstracts) encompassing 5213 participants. Reporting of methods used was poor. B-mode, including high-frequency (ie, >20 MHz) ultrasound was the most common type of ultrasound used (n=72 records; 61% of records), and measurement of the combined epidermal and dermal thickness (n=28; 24%) was more commonly measured than the epidermis or dermis alone (n=7, 6%). Reliability of ultrasound measurement was poorly reported (n=14; 12%). The scar characteristics most commonly reported to be measured were epidermal oedema, dermal fibrosis and hair follicle density. Most records analysed (n=115; 97%) pertained to the early stages of the research-to-practice pipeline, as part of research initiatives. CONCLUSIONS The lack of evaluation of measurement initiatives in routine clinical practice was identified as an evidence gap. Diverse methods used in the literature identified the need for greater standardisation of ultrasound thickness measurements. Findings have been used to develop nine methodological considerations for practitioners to guide methods and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Meikle
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Simons
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Occupational Therapy, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamsin Mahoney
- Surgical, Treatment and Rehabilitation Services (STARS), Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tristan Reddan
- Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bryan Dai
- The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Service Innovation (AusHI), Centre for Healthcare Transformation, and School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tian Q, Zhang YX, Wang JJ, Huang GB. Advances in Photoelectric Therapy for the Early Intervention and Treatment of Traumatic Scars. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:869-877. [PMID: 37038450 PMCID: PMC10082596 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s407361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic scar is a disease that affected approximately tens of millions of patients worldwide. According to the histological and morphological properties of scars, the traumatic scar typically includes superficial scar, atrophic scar, hypertrophic scar, and keloid. Its formation is a natural consequence of wound healing, regardless of whether the wound was caused by trauma or surgery. However, the production of scars has considerable impacts on the physical and mental health of patients, even causing substantial aesthetic and functional impairments. Prevention or early treatment of scars is the most suitable therapeutic method, including surgical and non-surgical procedures; nevertheless, the benefits of non-operative therapies for scars are quite limited, and surgical treatments are always hard to achieve satisfying outcomes. Through the application of innovative technologies such as lasers, intense pulsed light, and radiofrequency, significant progress has been made in the treatment of traumatic scars. This review highlights the current advancements of photoelectric therapy for the prevention and treatment of various traumatic scars, which may throw light on innovative therapeutic options for scar therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Bao Huang
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guo-Bao Huang, Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 531-55865707, Email
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Nunez JH, Strong AL, Comish P, Hespe GE, Harvey J, Sorkin M, Levi B. A Review of Laser Therapies for the Treatment of Scarring and Vascular Anomalies. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:68-84. [PMID: 35951024 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Laser use has become part of the gold standard of treatment as an effective adjuvant in multimodal therapy for pathologic scarring caused by burns, trauma, acne, and surgery, as well as vascular anomalies. Understanding indications and applications for laser therapy is essential for physicians to improve patient outcomes. Recent Advances: Since the 1980s, the medical use of lasers has continuously evolved with improvements in technology. Novel lasers and fractionated technologies are currently being studied in the hopes to improve treatment efficacy, while reducing complications. Recent advancements include acne treatment with novel picosecond lasers, new hypertrophic scar therapies with simultaneous laser and intense pulsed light use, and novel systems such as lasers with intralesional optical fiber delivery devices. In addition, optimizing the timing of laser therapy and its use in multimodal treatments continue to advance the field of photothermolysis. Critical Issues: Selecting the correct laser for a given indication is the fundamental decision when choosing a laser balancing effective treatment with minimal complications. This article covers the principles of laser therapy, the preferred lasers used for the treatment of scarring and vascular anomalies, and discusses the current evidence behind these laser choices. Future Directions: To optimize laser therapy, larger randomized control trials and split scar studies are needed. Continued advancement through better randomized controlled studies will help to improve patient outcomes on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H Nunez
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Comish
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jalen Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Liu XJ, Liu WH, Fang SW, Zhou XL, Xu JX, Li GS. Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Pathological Scars: A Network Meta-Analysis. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:NP675-NP687. [PMID: 35762934 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) therapies have shown promising effects on pathological scars, but the comparative effectiveness of laser and IPL therapies has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare and rank the efficacy of laser and IPL therapies to determine the most effective treatment method for pathological scars. METHODS Relevant studies published up to February 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. We defined Vancouver Scar Scale score as the primary outcome. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches were used to perform a network meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 25 trials with a total of 1688 participants. The rankings based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve for the Vancouver Scar Scale score based on the Bayesian approach suggested IPL + CO2 (96.43%) > pulsed dye laser (PDL) + 1064-nm Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (86.21%) > PDL + CO2 (82.15%) > CO2 (58.97%) > 1064-nm Nd:YAG (57.03%) > PDL (52%) > 532-nm Nd:YAG (33.28%) > Er:YAG + IPL (28.38%) > Er:YAG (26.56%) > IPL (15.03%) > control (13.97%). The ranking results based on the frequentist approach were basically consistent with those based on the Bayesian approach. CONCLUSIONS The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the combination of IPL and CO2 laser has the highest probability of being the most effective intervention. However, our conclusions must be interpreted with caution due to the relatively few evaluation indicators included in our study. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm our conclusions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Wen Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Long Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Shuai Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Koh YG, Hong JK, Shin SH, Han HS, Mun SK, Yoo KH, Kim BJ. A case report of 595 nm pulsed dye laser for the prevention and management of scar developed after vascular complication of filler application. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15764. [PMID: 35945913 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Gue Koh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang Q, Shi L, He H, Liu X, Huang Y, Xu D, Yao M, Zhang N, Guo Y, Lu Y, Li H, Zhou J, Tan J, Xing M, Luo G. Down-Regulating Scar Formation by Microneedles Directly via a Mechanical Communication Pathway. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10163-10178. [PMID: 35617518 PMCID: PMC9331171 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive extracellular matrix deposition drives fibroblasts into a state of high mechanical stress, exacerbating pathological fibrosis and hypertrophic scar formation, leading to tissue dysfunction. This study reports a minimally invasive and convenient approach to obtaining scarless tissue using a silk fibroin microneedle patch (SF MNs). We found that by tuning the MN size and density only, the biocompatible MNs significantly decreased the scar elevation index in the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model and increased ultimate tensile strength close to regular skin. To advance our understanding of this recent approach, we built a fibroblast-populated collagen lattice system and finite element model to study MN-mediated cellular behavior of fibroblasts. We found that the MNs reduced the fibroblasts generated contraction and mechanical stress, as indicated by decreased expression of the mechanical sensitive gene ANKRD1. Specifically, SF MNs attenuated the integrin-FAK signaling and consequently down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin. It resulted in a low-stress microenvironment that helps to reduce scar formation significantly. Microneedles' physical intervention via the mechanotherapeutic strategy is promising for scar-free wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong He
- Ministry
of Education & Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano
Devices and System Technology, Chongqing
University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xingmou Liu
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Chongqing
Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Bionic Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department
of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third
Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengyun Yao
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute
of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined
Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military
Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Morphea: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153409. [PMID: 34362192 PMCID: PMC8347526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphea, also known as localized scleroderma (LoS), comprises a set of autoimmune sclerotic skin diseases. It is characterized by inflammation and limited thickening and induration of the skin; however, in some cases, deeper tissues might also be involved. Although morphea is not considered a life-threatening disease, the apparent cosmetic disfigurement, functional or psychosocial impairment affects multiple fields of patients’ quality of life. Therapy for LoS is often unsatisfactory with numerous treatments that have only limited effectiveness or considerable side effects. Due to the advances in the application of lasers and their possible beneficial effects, the aim of this study is to review the reported usage of laser in morphea. We present a systematic review of available literature, performed with MEDLINE, Cinahl, Central, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. We identified a total of twenty relevant studies (MEDLINE n = 10, Cinahl n = 1, Central n = 0, Scopus n = 2, Web of Science n = 5, Google Scholar n = 2) using laser therapy for LoS. Eight studies were focused on the use of PDL, six on fractional lasers (CO2 and Er:YAG), four on excimer, and two on either alexandrite or Nd:YAG.
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