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Dimethylthiourea ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:427-436. [PMID: 29787990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In order to clarify hepato-protective actions of estrogen, we examined the progress of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in sham and ovariectomized (ovx) mice and the effects of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, and meloxicam (Melo), a selective cox-2 inhibitor, on the development of CCl4-induced ALI. MAIN METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice weighing 15-20 g were performed sham or ovx operation at 8 weeks of age. Blood and liver samples were collected 15 and 24 h after CCl4 administration. Sham and ovx mice were given DMTU, Melo or saline intraperitoneally 30 min before CCl4 or corn oil administration. KEY FINDINGS ALT levels in ovx mice were significantly increased compared to those in sham mice. DMTU reduced ALT levels in ovx mice to the same levels as those in sham mice after CCl4 injection. CCl4 upregulated TNF-α, IL-6, cox-2 and iNOS expression in ovx mice compared to the levels in sham mice. DMTU significantly reduced cox-2 and iNOS expression levels upregulated by CCl4 in ovx mice. However, pretreatment with Melo had no effects on ALT levels and the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HO-1 in either sham or ovx mice, indicating that cox-2 may not participate in increase of CCl4-induced ALI caused by estrogen deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE Ovariectomy accelerated the development of CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and DMTU reduced liver injury. These results suggest that estrogen may act as an antioxidant in the development CCl4-induced acute liver injury.
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Mitazaki S, Hashimoto M, Matsuhashi Y, Honma S, Suto M, Kato N, Hiraiwa K, Yoshida M, Abe S. Apocynin reduced doxycycline-induced acute liver injury in ovariectomized mice. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:357-363. [PMID: 28959557 PMCID: PMC5615834 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy accelerates doxycycline-induced acute liver injury. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, c-fos, cox-2 and HO-1 genes were strongly upregulated in ovx mice. Apocynin, totally improved DOXY-induced liver injury in both sham and ovx mice. NADPH oxidase is responsible for the development of drug-induced acute liver injury
To determine the physiological role of estrogen in the development of liver injury, we examined the sensitivities of sham and ovariectomy (ovx) mice against doxycycline (DOXY)-induced acute liver injury. Ovx or sham operation was performed in C57BL/6J wild-type female mice of eight weeks of age. Sham mice and ovx mice were treated with DOXY (240 mg/kg ip) 8 weeks after the operation, 30 min after apocynin (5 mg/kg) or saline administration. Blood and liver samples were obtained at 3 and 6 h after DOXY administration. Liver dysfunction occurred soon after DOXY administration and became more severe in ovx mice than in sham mice. At early phase after DOXY injection, TNF-α and iNOS inductions upregulated almost the same levels in sham and ovx mice. On the other hand, expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, c-fos, cox-2 and HO-1, downstream genes of TNF-α, were significantly increased in ovx mice compared to those in sham mice, correlated with liver dysfunction. In addition, apocynin, a NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, totally improved DOXY-induced liver injury in both sham and ovx mice, indicating that reactive oxygen species generated through Nox activation by DOXY are responsible for development of acute liver injury.
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Key Words
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARF, acute renal failure
- Apocynin
- DOXY, doxycycline
- Doxycycline-induced liver injury
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- NADPH oxidase
- Nox, NADPH oxidase
- Ovariectmized
- Ovx, ovariectomy
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription-3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mitazaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Midori Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Matsuhashi
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Honma
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Miwako Suto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naho Kato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hiraiwa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Sumiko Abe
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
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Elias-Miró M, Jiménez-Castro MB, Rodés J, Peralta C. Current knowledge on oxidative stress in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:555-68. [PMID: 23738581 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.811721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with hepatic resections and liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice, despite several attempts to solve the problem. The redox balance, which is pivotal for normal function and integrity of tissues, is dysregulated during I/R, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Formation of ROS and oxidant stress are the disease mechanisms most commonly invoked in hepatic I/R injury. The present review examines published results regarding possible sources of ROS and their effects in the context of I/R injury. We also review the effect of oxidative stress on marginal livers, which are more vulnerable to I/R-induced oxidative stress. Strategies to improve the viability of marginal livers could reduce the risk of dysfunction after surgery and increase the number of organs suitable for transplantation. The review also considers the therapeutic strategies developed in recent years to reduce the oxidative stress induced by hepatic I/R, and we seek to explain why some of them have not been applied clinically. New antioxidant strategies that have yielded promising results for hepatic I/R injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elias-Miró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain
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Nyunt MT, Dicus CW, Cui YY, Yappert MC, Huser TR, Nantz MH, Wu J. Physico-chemical characterization of polylipid nanoparticles for gene delivery to the liver. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:2047-54. [PMID: 19860429 DOI: 10.1021/bc900150v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polylipid nanoparticles (PLNP) have been shown to be very effective in delivering antioxidative genes in the treatment of liver injury in mice. To build on our previous studies and to further characterize PLNP formulated from polycationic lipid (PCL) and cholesterol, we report here the synthesis of multigram quantities of PCL and employ analytical tools, such as Raman spectroscopy of single PLNP and live-cell imaging of lipofection, for the physicochemical characterization of PCL, PLNP, and the transfection process. Mass spectrometry demonstrates the characteristics of polymeric lipids. Raman spectrum of PCL reveals the polymeric structure of the polymers. The presence of cholesterol in PLNP formulation did not markedly change the Raman spectrum. PLNP-derived polyplexes exhibit Raman spectra very similar to PLNP except that the C-H out-of-plane deformation mode of the polymeric lipid is significantly suppressed, indicating the interaction with plasmid DNA. Zeta potential measurement indicates a large DNA-carrying capacity of PLNP and their stability for in vivo gene delivery. The live-cell fluorescent imaging dynamically shows that PLNP exerts transfection efficiency similar to lipofectamine in leading to early reporter gene expression in live hepatic cells. In conclusion, polylipid nanoparticles possess a high DNA carrying capacity and lipofection efficiency, rendering them suitable for testing in large animals. The employment of novel state-of-the-art technologies in the study of lipofection represents the level of physicochemical and biological characterization that is needed to best understand the key elements involved in the lipofection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maung T Nyunt
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Program, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Wu J, Hecker JG, Chiamvimonvat N. Antioxidant enzyme gene transfer for ischemic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:351-63. [PMID: 19233238 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The balance of redox is pivotal for normal function and integrity of tissues. Ischemic insults occur as results of a variety of conditions, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalanced redox status in the tissues. The oxidant stress may activate signaling mechanisms provoking more toxic events, and eventually cause tissue damage. Therefore, treatments with antioxidants, free radical scavengers and their mimetics, as well as gene transfer approaches to overexpress antioxidant genes represent potential therapeutic options to correct the redox imbalance. Among them, antioxidant gene transfer may enhance the production of antioxidant scavengers, and has been employed to experimentally prevent or treat ischemic injury in cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, intestinal, central nervous or other systems in animal models. With improvements in vector systems and delivery approaches, innovative antioxidant gene therapy has conferred better outcomes for myocardial infarction, reduced restenosis after coronary angioplasty, improved the quality and function of liver grafts, as well as outcome of intestinal and cerebral ischemic attacks. However, it is crucial to be mindful that like other therapeutic armentarium, the efficacy of antioxidant gene transfer requires extensive preclinical investigation before it can be used in patients, and that it may have unanticipated short- or long-term adverse effects. Thus, it is critical to balance between the therapeutic benefits and potential risks, to develop disease-specific antioxidant gene transfer strategies, to deliver the therapy with an optimal time window and in a safe manner. This review attempts to provide the rationale, the most effective approaches and the potential hurdles of available antioxidant gene transfer approaches for ischemic injury in various organs, as well as the possible directions of future preclinical and clinical investigations of this highly promising therapeutic modality.
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Boutros T, Nantel A, Emadali A, Tzimas G, Conzen S, Chevet E, Metrakos PP. The MAP kinase phosphatase-1 MKP-1/DUSP1 is a regulator of human liver response to transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:2558-68. [PMID: 19032224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) continues to be the only remedy for end-stage liver disease. In an attempt to decrease the ever-widening gap between organ donor and recipient numbers, and ultimately make more livers amenable to transplantation, we characterized the healthy human liver's response to ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury during transplantation. This was carried out by transcriptional profiling using cDNA microarray to identify genes whose expression was modulated at the 1-h postreperfusion time point. We observed that the map kinase phosphatase-1/dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (MKP-1/DUSP1) mRNA was strongly and significantly upregulated. Validation of this observation was carried out using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we characterized the signaling pathways regulating MKP-1 expression using the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Finally, by combining MKP-1 silencing with reperfusion-associated stresses, we reveal the preferential role of this protein in attenuating the activity of the JNK and p38(MAPK) pathways, and the resulting apoptosis, making MKP-1 a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boutros
- Organelle Signalling Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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