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Jiang W, Zhao Y, Liu R, Zhang B, Xie Y, Gao B, Shi K, Zou M, Jia D, Ding J, Hu X, Duan Y, Han R, Huang D, Van Kaer L, Shi FD. Histidine-rich glycoprotein modulates neutrophils and thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:2146-2169. [PMID: 39148004 PMCID: PMC11393346 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the primary treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the mechanism of tPA-related hemorrhagic transformation (HT) remains poorly understood. Elevation of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) expression was detected by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at 1 h following tPA infusion as compared to baseline prior to tPA infusion (discovery cohort, n = 10), which was subsequently confirmed in a validation cohort (n = 157) by ELISA. Surprisingly, no elevation of HRG was detected in individuals who subsequently developed HT. During in vitro experiments, HRG reduced neutrophil NETosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and migration across the blood-brain barrier induced by tPA. In a photothrombotic murine AIS model, HRG administration ameliorated HT with delayed thrombolysis, by inhibiting neutrophil immune infiltration and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Neutrophil depletion or NETosis inhibition also alleviated HT, whereas HRG siRNA treatment exacerbated HT. In conclusion, fluctuations in HRG levels may reflect tPA therapy and its associated HT. The inhibitory effect of HRG on neutrophils may counteract tPA-induced immune abnormalities and HT in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300102, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Center for Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Kaibin Shi
- Center for Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiayue Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanli Duan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ranran Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - DeRen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Center for Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Pradana ANK, Akahoshi T, Guo J, Mizuta Y, Matsunaga S, Narahara S, Murata M, Yamaura K. CHANGES OF HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN LEVELS IN CRITICALLY ILL SEPTIC PATIENTS. Shock 2024; 62:351-356. [PMID: 38935033 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), a potential prognostic factor in sepsis, lacks clarity regarding its relevance in septic-induced shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathogenesis. This study investigated the association between HRG concentrations and these critical conditions. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 53 critically ill patients on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ICU admission at the Kyushu University Hospital. Daily clinical and laboratory data were recorded, and patient survival was assessed 28 days after ICU admission. Results: Serum HRG concentrations were significantly reduced on days 3, 5, and 7 in patients with septic shock and DIC but not in those with ARDS. While initial HRG levels on day one were not correlated with survival, nonsurvivors displayed decreased HRG levels, notably on days 3, 5, and 7 post-ICU admissions. The HRG levels remained stable in survivors. A progressive decrease was associated with higher mortality rates, particularly on days 5 and 7. On day 5, an HRG level with a cutoff of 25.5 μg/mL showed a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.75, indicating significantly lower survival rates (log-rank test, P < 0.05). Conclusion: HRG presents a potential intervention for critically ill sepsis patients, providing a novel strategy to enhance outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic potential of HRG in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Nabila Kusuma Pradana
- Department of Advanced Emergency and Disaster medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Department of Advanced Emergency and Disaster medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Advanced Emergency and Disaster medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukie Mizuta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Matsunaga
- Department of Advanced Emergency and Disaster medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayoko Narahara
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Xie M, He Z, Bin B, Wen N, Wu J, Cai X, Sun X. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with 101 machine learning combinations reveal neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and early allograft dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111874. [PMID: 38493695 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major clinical concern during the perioperative period and is closely associated with early allograft dysfunction (EAD), acute rejection (AR) and long-term graft survival. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular structures formed by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular proteins following neutrophil stimulation. There is growing evidence that NETs are involved in the progression of various liver transplantation complications, including ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the expression patterns of NET-related genes (NRGs) in HIRI, identify HIRI subtypes with distinct characteristics, and develop a reliable EAD prediction model. METHODS Microarray, bulk RNA-seq, and single-cell sequencing datasets were obtained from the GEO database. Initially, differentially expressed NRGs (DE-NRGs) were identified using differential gene expression analyses. We then utilised a non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) algorithm to classify HIRI samples. Subsequently, we employed machine learning algorithms to screen the hub NRGs related to EAD and developed an EAD prediction model based on these hub NRGs. Concurrently, we assessed the expression patterns of hub NRGs at the single-cell level using the HIRI. Additionally, we validated C5AR1 expression and its effect on HIRI and NETs formation in a rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model. RESULTS In this study, we identified 11 DE-NRGs in the HIRI context. Based on these 11 DE-NRGs, HIRI samples were classified into two distinct clusters. Cluster1 exhibited a low expression of DE-NRGs, minimal neutrophil infiltration, mild inflammation, and a low incidence of EAD. Conversely, Cluster2 displayed the opposite phenotype, with an activated inflammatory subtype and a higher incidence of EAD. Furthermore, an EAD prediction model was developed using the four hub NRGs associated with EAD. Based on risk scores, HIRI samples were classified into high- and low-risk groups. The OLT model confirmed substantial upregulation of C5AR1 expression in the liver tissue, accompanied by increased formation of NETs. Treatment with a C5AR1 antagonist improved liver function, reduced tissue inflammation, and decreased NETs formation. CONCLUSIONS This study distinguished two apparent HIRI subtypes, established a predictive model for EAD, and validated the effect of C5AR1 on HIRI. These findings provide novel perspectives for the development of advanced clinical strategies to enhance the outcomes of liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Xie
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen He
- Transplant Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Bin
- Transplant Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Transplant Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Nanning, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Transplant Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Cai
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xuyong Sun
- Transplant Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Nanning, China.
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Deng Y, Hu M, Huang S, Fu N. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic significance of essential amino acids in metabolically associated fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109581. [PMID: 38219809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, lipid toxicity, insulin resistance, intestinal dysbiosis, and inflammation that can progress from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even cirrhosis or cancer. It is the most prevalent illness threatening world health. Currently, there are almost no approved drug interventions for MAFLD, mainly dietary changes and exercise to control weight and regulate metabolic disorders. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway involved in amino acid metabolism also influences the onset and development of MAFLD in the body, and most amino acid metabolism takes place in the liver. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that must be supplemented from outside the diet and that cannot be synthesized in the body or cannot be synthesized at a rate sufficient to meet the body's needs, including leucine, isoleucine, valine (collectively known as branched-chain amino acids), tryptophan, phenylalanine (which are aromatic amino acids), histidine, methionine, threonine and lysine. The metabolic balance of the body is closely linked to these essential amino acids, and essential amino acids are closely linked to the pathophysiological process of MAFLD. In this paper, we will focus on the metabolism of essential amino acids in the body and further explore the therapeutic strategies for MAFLD based on the studies conducted in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
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Shiotani T, Sugimoto S, Tomioka Y, Tanaka S, Mitsuhashi T, Suzawa K, Shien K, Miyoshi K, Yamamoto H, Okazaki M, Toyooka S. Plasma concentrations of histidine-rich glycoprotein in primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. INTERDISCIPLINARY CARDIOVASCULAR AND THORACIC SURGERY 2024; 38:ivae021. [PMID: 38310334 PMCID: PMC10871901 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histidine-rich glycoprotein has been reported as an anti-inflammatory glycoprotein that inhibits acute lung injury in mice with sepsis and as a prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis. We investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of histidine-rich glycoprotein and the risk of occurrence of primary graft dysfunction. METHODS According to the primary graft dysfunction grade at post-transplant 72 h, patients who underwent lung transplantation were divided into three groups: non-primary graft dysfunction group (grade 0-1), moderate primary graft dysfunction group (grade 2), and severe primary graft dysfunction group (grade 3). The plasma concentrations of histidine-rich glycoprotein measured daily during the first post-transplant 7 days were compared among the three groups. Appropriate cutoff values of the concentrations were set for survival analyses after lung transplantation. RESULTS A total of 68 patients were included. The plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein concentration at post-transplant 72 h was significantly lower in the severe primary graft dysfunction group (n = 7) than in the other two groups [non-primary graft dysfunction group (n = 43), P = 0.042; moderate primary graft dysfunction group (n = 18), P = 0.040]. Patients with plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein concentration ≥34.4 µg/ml at post-transplant 72 h had significantly better chronic lung allograft dysfunction-free survival (P = 0.012) and overall survival (P = 0.037) than those with the concentration <34.4 µg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein concentrations at post-transplant 72 h might be associated with the risk of development of primary graft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Shiotani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tomioka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaroh Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Zhu W, Fan C, Dong S, Li X, Chen H, Zhou W. Neutrophil extracellular traps regulating tumorimmunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253964. [PMID: 38173719 PMCID: PMC10764195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a component of the innate immune system, there is emerging evidence to suggest that neutrophils may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like chromatin structures that protrude from the membranes during neutrophil activation. Recent research has shown that NETs, which are at the forefront of the renewed interest in neutrophil studies, are increasingly intertwined with HCC. By exploring the mechanisms of NETs in HCC, we aim to improve our understanding of the role of NETs and gain deeper insights into neutrophil biology. Therefore, this article provides a summary of key findings and discusses the emerging field of NETs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuanlei Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haofei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Huang C, Fan X, Shen Y, Shen M, Yang L. Neutrophil subsets in noncancer liver diseases: Cellular crosstalk and therapeutic targets. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250324. [PMID: 37495829 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating granulocytes, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils can regulate inflammatory and immune responses through degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and NETosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of various noncancer liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and liver fibrosis. Cellular interactions among neutrophils, other immune cells, and nonimmune cells constitute a complex network that regulates the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review summarizes novel neutrophil subtypes, including CD177+ neutrophils and low-density neutrophils. Moreover, we provide an overview of the cellular cros stalk of neutrophils in noncancer liver diseases, aiming to shed new light on mechanistic studies of novel neutrophil subtypes. In addition, we discuss the potential of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in noncancer liver diseases, including inhibitors targeting NETosis, granule proteins, and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Qiu X, Xu H, Wang K, Gao F, Xu X, He H. P-21 Activated Kinases in Liver Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020551. [PMID: 36672500 PMCID: PMC9857091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The p21 Activated Kinases (PAKs) are serine threonine kinases and play important roles in many biological processes, including cell growth, survival, cytoskeletal organization, migration, and morphology. Recently, PAKs have emerged in the process of liver disorders, including liver cancer, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver fibrosis, owing to their effects in multiple signaling pathways in various cell types. Activation of PAKs promotes liver cancer growth and metastasis and contributes to the resistance of liver cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, leading to poor survival of patients. PAKs also play important roles in the development and progression of hepatitis and other pathological processes of the liver such as fibrosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we have summarized the currently available studies about the role of PAKs in liver disorders and the mechanisms involved, and further explored the potential therapeutic application of PAK inhibitors in liver disorders, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on current progress and perspectives of PAKs in liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Fengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (H.H.)
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Liu Y, Yan P, Bin Y, Qin X, Wu Z. Neutrophil extracellular traps and complications of liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054753. [PMID: 36466888 PMCID: PMC9712194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many end-stage liver disease etiologies are attributed to robust inflammatory cell recruitment. Neutrophils play an important role in inflammatory infiltration and neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. It has also been suggested that neutrophils may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kill pathogens. It has been proven that neutrophil infiltration within the liver contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment and immune cell activation. Growing evidence implies that NETs are involved in the progression of numerous complications of liver transplantation, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, thrombosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. NETs are discussed in this comprehensive review, focusing on their effects on liver transplantation complications. Furthermore, we discuss NETs as potential targets for liver transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Bin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dery KJ, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. New insights into ischemia-reperfusion injury signaling pathways in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:424-433. [PMID: 35857344 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leading to allograft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients is a devastating event that compromises graft and patient survival. As our clinical knowledge regarding its definition and presentation has significantly improved over the last years, adequate biomarkers translating to important therapeutic intervention remains a challenge. This review will summarize recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS In the past 18 months, our understanding of organ transplantation IRI has improved. IRI involves a positive amplification feedback loop encompassing damaged cells at the graft site, the activity of redox-sensitive damage-associated molecular patterns, and local sequestration of recipient-derived monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, like neutrophils, to sustain the immunological cascade and to enhance the destruction of the foreign tissue. Recent studies have identified critical components leading to IRI, including the oxidation state of high mobility group box 1, a classic danger signal, its role in the Toll-like receptor 4-interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17A signaling axis, and the role of neutrophils and CD321, a marker for transmigration of circulating leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. In addition, recent findings imply that the protective functions mediated by autophagy activation counterbalance the detrimental nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, clinical studies reveal the posttransplant variables associated with early allograft dysfunction and IRI. SUMMARY The future challenge will be understanding how crosstalk at the molecular and cellular levels integrate prospectively to predict which peri-transplant signals are essential for long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zhang F, Li Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Cao P, Sun Z, Wang W. The role of extracellular traps in ischemia reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022380. [PMID: 36211432 PMCID: PMC9533173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to strong signals, several types of immune cells release extracellular traps (ETs), which are web-like structures consisting of DNA decorated with various protein substances. This process is most commonly observed in neutrophils. Over the past two decades, ET formation has been recognized as a unique mechanism of host defense and pathogen destruction. However, the role of ETs in sterile inflammation has only been studied extensively in recent years. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a type of sterile inflammatory injury. Several studies have reported that ETs have an important role in IRI in various organs. In this review, we describe the release of ETs by various types of immune cells and focus on the mechanism underlying the formation of neutrophil ETs (NETs). In addition, we summarize the role of ETs in IRI in different organs and their effects on tumors. Finally, we discuss the value of ETs as a potential therapeutic target for organ IRI and present possible challenges in conducting studies on IRI-related ETs as well as future research directions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zejia Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang,
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NETosis in ischemic/reperfusion injuries: An organ-based review. Life Sci 2021; 290:120158. [PMID: 34822798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis), the web-like structures induced by neutrophil death, is an important inflammatory mechanism of the immune system leading to reactive oxygen species production/coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. NETosis exerts its role through different mechanisms such as triggering Toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, neutrophil activation/infiltration, and vascular impairment. NETosis plays a key role in the prognosis of coronary artery disease, ischemic injury of kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract and skeletal muscles. In this review, we explored the molecular mechanisms involved in NETosis, and ischemic/reperfusion injuries in body organs.
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