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Wang J, Chen SP, Li DL, Zhou L, Ren JX, Jia LC, Zhong GJ, Huang HD, Li ZM. Structuring restricted amorphous molecular chains in the reinforced cellulose film by uniaxial stretching. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122088. [PMID: 38710544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the preferred orientation structure by stretching is an efficient strategy to fabricate high-performance cellulose film and it is still an open issue whether crystalline structure or amorphous molecular chain is the key factor in determining the enhanced mechanical performance. Herein, uniaxial stretching with constant width followed by drying in a stretching state was carried out to cellulose hydrogels with physical and chemical double cross-linking networks, achieving high-performance regenerated cellulose films (RCFs) with an impressive tensile strength of 154.5 MPa and an elastic modulus of 5.4 GPa. The hierarchical structure of RCFs during uniaxial stretching and drying was systematically characterized from micro- to nanoscale, including microscopic morphology, crystalline structure as well as relaxation behavior at a molecular level. The two-dimensional correlation spectra of dynamic mechanical analysis and Havriliak-Negami fitting results verified that the enhanced mechanical properties of RCFs were mainly attributed to the stretch-induced tight packing and restricted relaxation of amorphous molecular chains. The new insight concerning the contribution of molecular chains in the amorphous region to the enhancement of mechanical performance for RCFs is expected to provide valuable guidance for designing and fabricating high-performance eco-friendly cellulose-based films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shi-Peng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - De-Long Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia-Xin Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Theoretical Mechanism on the Cellulose Regeneration from a Cellulose/EmimOAc Mixture in Anti-Solvents. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031158. [PMID: 35161102 PMCID: PMC8837949 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The experiments on cellulose dissolution/regeneration have made some achievements to some extent, but the mechanism of cellulose regeneration in ionic liquids (ILs) and anti-solvent mixtures remains elusive. In this work, the cellulose regeneration mechanism in different anti-solvents, and at different temperatures and concentrations, has been studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The IL considered is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc). In addition, to investigate the microcosmic effects of ILs and anti-solvents, EmimOAc-nH2O (n = 0–6) clusters have been optimized by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. It can be found that water is beneficial to the regeneration of cellulose due to its strong polarity. The interactions between ILs and cellulose will become strong with the increase in temperature. The H-bonds of cellulose chains would increase with the rising concentrations of anti-solvents. The interaction energies between cellulose and the anions of ILs are stronger than that of cations. Furthermore, the anti-solvents possess a strong affinity for ILs, cation–anion pairs are dissociated to form H-bonds with anti-solvents, and the H-bonds between cellulose and ILs are destroyed to promote cellulose regeneration.
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Tu H, Zhu M, Duan B, Zhang L. Recent Progress in High-Strength and Robust Regenerated Cellulose Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000682. [PMID: 32686231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
High-strength petroleum-based materials like plastics have been widely used in various fields, but their nonbiodegradability has caused serious pollution problems. Cellulose, as the most abundant sustainable polymer, has a great chance to act as the ideal substitute for plastics due to its low cost, wide availability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, the recent achievements for developing cellulose "green" solvents and regenerated cellulose materials with high strength via the "bottom-up" route are presented. Cellulose can be regenerated to produce films/membranes, hydrogels/aerogels, filaments/fibers, microspheres/beads, bioplastics, etc., which show potential applications in textiles, biomedicine, energy storage, packaging, etc. Importantly, these cellulose-based materials can be biodegraded in soil and oceans, reducing environmental pollution. The cellulose solvents, dissolving mechanism, and strategies for constructing the regenerated cellulose functional materials with high strength and performances, together with the current achievements and urgent challenges are summarized, and some perspectives are also proposed. The near future will be an exciting era for high-strength biodegradable and renewable materials. The hope is that many environmentally friendly materials with good properties and low cost will be produced for commercial use, which will be beneficial for sustainable development in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Surface engineering of cellulose film with myristic acid for high strength, self-cleaning and biodegradable packaging materials. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118315. [PMID: 34294329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Developing sustainable, renewable, hydrophobic, and biodegradable packaging material to replace petroleum-based plastic products remains a challenge. Herein, original cellulose/myristic acid composite films were fabricated by solvent-vaporized controllable crystallization of natural myristic acid on anisotropic cellulose films. The myristic acid crystals that evenly distributed on the surface of cellulose film generated micronano binary structure and the interstitial space between microplates, resulting in high hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 132°) and excellent self-cleaning property of the composite film. The resultant film exhibited good tensile strength and toughness under both dry (188.7 MPa, 34.4 MJ m-3) and humid conditions (119.9 MPa, 28.7 MJ m-3). Moreover, these composite films could be degraded completely after approximately 102 days in soil with an average environment temperature of 32 °C. This work provided a low-cost and sustainable pathway for the fabrication of high-strength, self-cleaning, and waterproof packaging materials instead of plastics.
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Ding L, Li X, Hu L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Mao Z, Xu H, Wang B, Feng X, Sui X. A naked-eye detection polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose-based pH sensor for intelligent packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Preparation of Cellulose Films from Sustainable CO 2/DBU/DMSO System. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060994. [PMID: 31167448 PMCID: PMC6631611 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose films are regarded as sustainable materials having wide applications in food packaging, separation, etc. Their preparation substantially relies on sufficient dissolution. Herein, various celluloses adequately dissolved in a new solvent system of carbon dioxide,1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene and dimethyl sulfoxide (CO2/DBU/DMSO) were made in to films using different regeneration reagents. The films regenerated from ethanol and methanol presented homogeneous and smooth surfaces, while those from 5 wt % NaOH (aq.) and 5 wt % H2SO4 (aq.) showed rough surfaces, as analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films regenerated from 5 wt % NaOH (aq.) and 5 wt % H2SO4 (aq.) rendered cellulose II structures, while those regenerated from alcohols had amorphous structures as evidenced using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The films made of microcrystalline cellulose had a good light transmittance of about 90% at 800 nm with a tensile strength of 55 MPa and an elongation break of 6.5%, while those from wood pulp cellulose demonstrated satisfactory flexibility with a tensile strength of 91 MPa and an elongation break of 9.0%. This research reports a simple, environmental, and sustainable method to prepare cellulose films of good mechanical properties.
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Zheng X, Huang F, Chen L, Huang L, Cao S, Ma X. Preparation of transparent film via cellulose regeneration: Correlations between ionic liquid and film properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 203:214-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cheng G, Zhu P, Li J, Cheng F, Lin Y, Zhou M. All-cellulose films with excellent strength and toughness via a facile approach of dissolution-regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Cheng
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Puxin Zhu
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jiali Li
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Lin
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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Wang W, Bai Q, Liang T, Bai H, Liu X. Preparation of amino-functionalized regenerated cellulose membranes with high catalytic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:944-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Willberg-Keyriläinen P, Vartiainen J, Pelto J, Ropponen J. Hydrophobization and smoothing of cellulose nanofibril films by cellulose ester coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:160-165. [PMID: 28521982 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), also referred to as nanocellulose, is one of the most studied bio-based material in recent year, which has good potential in the future for packaging applications due to its excellent mechanical strength and oxygen barrier properties. In the future, CNF films may also find new applications for example in printed electronics, if the surface smoothness of CNF films can be improved. One way to improve surface smoothness is to use thin coating solutions with zero porosity, such as molar mass controlled cellulose ester coatings. In this study, we have coated CNF films using molar mass controlled cellulose esters with different side chain lengths forming 3-layer film (ester-CNF-ester). These coatings improved significantly the smoothness of CNF films. The 3-layer films have also good water vapor barrier and mechanical properties and the films are heat-sealable, which enable various new applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jari Vartiainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Jani Pelto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1300, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarmo Ropponen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Sun E, Sun F, Zhang Z, Dong Y. Interface morphology and thermoplasticization behavior of bamboo fibers benzylated with benzyl chloride. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jiangsu Agricultural Waste Treatment and Recycle Engineering Reasearch Center; Nanjing 210014 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University, Bamboo Engineering Research Center; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Fengwen Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University, Bamboo Engineering Research Center; Nanjing 210037 China
- Institute of Poplar Processing Technology Research; Nanjing Forestry University (Siyang); Siyang 223700 China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University, Bamboo Engineering Research Center; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yundan Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University, Bamboo Engineering Research Center; Nanjing 210037 China
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Li W, Wu Y, Liang W, Li B, Liu S. Reduction of the water wettability of cellulose film through controlled heterogeneous modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5726-5734. [PMID: 24666422 DOI: 10.1021/am500341s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile method had been applied to introduce hydrophobic properties to cellulose materials by incorporation of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymers into the porous structured cellulose matrix through dip-coating; then, PUA prepolymers were cured around interconnected cellulose fibers under UV light, encapsulating a cellulose matrix with a hydrophobic polymer shell. The characterization of the composite films confirmed the success of the heterogeneous modification, and the chemical structure of the cellulose matrix was preserved. The composite films integrated the merits of cellulose and PUA resin, but the highly hydrophilic behavior of cellulose has been reduced. Contact angle measurements with water demonstrated that the composite films had obvious hydrophobic properties and an obvious reduction in the water uptake and the permeability toward water vapor gas at different relative humidity was also observed. The transmittance of the composite films at 550 nm was about 85%. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films were improved when compared with that of PUA resin. The obtained composite based on cellulose and UV curing technology was a good choice for the development of biomass materials with modified surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Pei Y, Yang J, Liu P, Xu M, Zhang X, Zhang L. Fabrication, properties and bioapplications of cellulose/collagen hydrolysate composite films. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1752-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhang L. Structure and properties of β-cyclodextrin/cellulose hydrogels prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:386-93. [PMID: 23544553 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD)/cellulose hydrogels were prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solution by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin. The structure and morphology of the hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling test, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and aniline blue (AnB) were used to investigate the swelling capability, drug release behavior and the fluorescent property of the hydrogels. The results indicated that the swelling degree and water uptake of the hydrogels decreased with an increase of the β-CD content. The in vitro release of 5-FU and BSA of the hydrogels showed an inclusion complex formed between 5-FU and β-CD. β-CD/cellulose hydrogels adsorbed AnB lead to a fluorescence enhancement attributing to the formation of the host-guest complex between β-CD and AnB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Liu S, Yan Q, Tao D, Yu T, Liu X. Highly flexible magnetic composite aerogels prepared by using cellulose nanofibril networks as templates. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:551-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu S, Li R, Zhou J, Zhang L. Effects of external factors on the arrangement of plate-liked Fe2O3 nanoparticles in cellulose scaffolds. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:830-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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