1
|
Liu J, Zhu L, Bao Y, Du Z, Shi L, Hong X, Zou Z, Peng G. Injectable dexamethasone-loaded peptide hydrogel for therapy of radiation-induced ototoxicity by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. J Control Release 2024; 365:729-743. [PMID: 38065412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced ototoxicity is associated with inflammation response and excessive reactive oxygen species in the cochlea. However, the effectiveness of many drugs in clinical settings is limited due to anatomical barriers in the inner ear and pharmacokinetic instability. To address this issue, we developed an injectable hydrogel called RADA32-HRN-dexamethasone (RHD). The RHD hydrogel possesses self-anti-inflammatory properties and can self-assemble into nanofibrous structures, ensuring controlled and sustained release of dexamethasone in the local region. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the uptake of FITC-conjugated RHD gel by hair cells increased in a time-dependent manner. Compared to free dexamethasone solutions, dexamethasone-loaded RHD gel achieved a longer and more controlled release profile of dexamethasone. Additionally, RHD gel effectively protected against the inflammatory response, reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, and reversed the decline in mitochondrial membrane potentials induced by ionizing radiation, leading to attenuation of apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, RHD gel promoted the recovery of outer hair cells and partially restored auditory function in mice exposed to ionizing radiation. These findings validated the protective effects of RHD gel against radiation-induced ototoxicity in both cell cultures and animal models. Furthermore, RHD gel enhanced the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was inhibited by ionizing radiation, thereby promoting the survival of hair cells. Importantly, intratympanic injections of RHD gel exhibited excellent biosafety and do not interfere with the anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy. In summary, our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of injectable dexamethasone-loaded RHD hydrogel for the treatment of radiation-induced hearing loss by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lisheng Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuqing Bao
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhouyuan Du
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liangliang Shi
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenwei Zou
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Gang Peng
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Foster T, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Lim P, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Poly-L-lysine as a crosslinker in bile acid and alginate nanoaggregates for gene delivery in auditory cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1247-1260. [PMID: 37665059 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hearing loss is a condition that may affect a wide array of patients from various backgrounds. There are no cures for sensorineural hearing loss. Gene therapy is one possible method of improving hearing status; however, gene delivery remains challenging. Materials & methods: Polymer nanoaggregates of alginate and poly-L-lysine were prepared with and without bile acid. The nanoaggregates had physical properties, cytotoxicity, gene release and gene expression analyzed. Results & discussion: The nanoparticles produced had appropriate size and charge, low cytotoxicity between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml and linear gene release but poor transfection efficiency. Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of polymer nanotechnology with bile acids for inner ear gene delivery; optimization is required to improve transfection efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Lim
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Q, Guo Q, Zhu M, Zhang J, Chen B, Wu T, Jiang W, Tang W. Application of Nanomedicine in Inner Ear Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:809443. [PMID: 35223817 PMCID: PMC8873591 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.809443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of inner ear disorders always remains a challenge for researchers. The presence of various physiological barriers, primarily the blood–labyrinth barrier (BLB), limits the accessibility of the inner ear and hinders the efficacy of various drug therapies. Yet despite recent advances in the cochlea for repair and regeneration, there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focuses on the localized drug-, gene-, and cell-based therapies. Drug delivery based on nanotechnology represents an innovative strategy to improve inner ear treatments. Materials with specific nanostructures not only exhibit a unique ability to encapsulate and transport therapeutics to the inner ear but also endow specific targeting properties to auditory hair cells as well as the stabilization and sustained drug release. Along with this, some alternative routes, like intratympanic drug delivery, can also offer a better means to access the inner ear without exposure to the BLB. This review discusses a variety of nano-based drug delivery systems to the ear for treating inner ear diseases. The main factors affecting the curative efficacy of nanomaterials are also discussed. With a deeper understanding of the link between these crucial factors and the clinical effect of nanomaterials, it paves the way for the optimization of the therapeutic activity of nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical Device Inspection, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Jiang, ; Wenxue Tang,
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Application Center for Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Jiang, ; Wenxue Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sriwidodo, Umar AK, Wathoni N, Zothantluanga JH, Das S, Luckanagul JA. Liposome-polymer complex for drug delivery system and vaccine stabilization. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08934. [PMID: 35243059 PMCID: PMC8861389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been used extensively as micro- and nanocarriers for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. However, conventional liposomes are biodegradable and quickly eliminated, making it difficult to be used for delivery in specific routes, such as the oral and systemic routes. One way to overcome this problem is through complexation with polymers, which is referred to as a liposome complex. The use of polymers can increase the stability of liposome with regard to pH, chemicals, enzymes, and the immune system. In some cases, specific polymers can condition the properties of liposomes to be explicitly used in drug delivery, such as targeted delivery and controlled release. These properties are influenced by the type of polymer, crosslinker, interaction, and bond in the complexation process. Therefore, it is crucial to study and review these parameters for the development of more optimal forms and properties of the liposome complex. This article discusses the use of natural and synthetic polymers, ways of interaction between polymers and liposomes (on the surface, incorporation in lamellar chains, and within liposomes), types of bonds, evaluation standards, and their effects on the stability and pharmacokinetic profile of the liposome complex, drugs, and vaccines. This article concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers can be used in modifying the structure and physicochemical properties of liposomes to specify their use in targeted delivery, controlled release, and stabilizing drugs and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Abd. Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - James H. Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sanjoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A comparative study of the effect of drug hydrophobicity on nanoparticle drug delivery in vivo using two photosensitizers. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102151. [PMID: 31927135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of drug hydrophobicity on nanoparticle delivery in vivo, we conducted a comparative study using different photosensitizer-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and pheophorbide a (Pba) with similar structure but different hydrophobicity were loaded into PLGA-NPs separately. We observed release profiles and photodynamic effects in vitro from the resulting Ce6- and Pba-PLGA-NPs. After intravenous injection into SCC7 tumor-bearing mice, biodistribution and accumulation of two drugs in tumor tissue were observed by real-time fluorescence imaging. Finally, in vivo photodynamic therapy with Ce6- and Pba-PLGA-NPs provided different therapeutic results according to imaging data. The results demonstrated that drug hydrophobicity is an important factor in nanoparticle drug delivery and should be considered for efficient drug delivery in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee H, Son J, Min SK, Na CB, Yi G, Koo H, Park JB. A Study of the Effects of Doxorubicin-Containing Liposomes on Osteogenesis of 3D Stem Cell Spheroids Derived from Gingiva. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172693. [PMID: 31443583 PMCID: PMC6747561 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation is to determine the effects of neutral, anionic, and cationic liposomes loaded with doxorubicin with thin-lipid-film-hydration method on the cellular viability and osteogenesis of stem cell spheroids. Spheroid formation and morphology of the three-dimensional spheroid were noted with an inverted microscope. Quantitative cellular viability was assessed using a commercially available kit. Osteogenic potential was evaluated by applying alkaline phosphatase activity and anthraquinone dye of Alizarin Red S. Western blot analysis was performed using collagen I expression. Spheroids were formed in each silicon elastomer-based concave microwell on Day 1. Noticeable changes of the spheroid were seen with a higher concentration of doxorubicin, especially in the cationic liposome group at Days 5 and 7. We found that the application of doxorubicin for 5 days significantly reduced the cellular viability. A higher concentration of doxorubicin produced a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity. Alizarin Red S staining showed that extracellular calcium deposits were evenly noted in each group. An increase of calcium deposits was noted on Day 14 when compared to Day 7. The morphology of the groups with higher concentrations of doxorubicin showed to be more dispersed. We noticed that doxorubicin-loaded cationic liposomes resulted in the highest uptake of the examined cell spheroids and that doxorubicin-loaded liposomes affected the osteogenic differentiation. The implication of this study is that the type of liposome should be selected based on the purpose of the application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jihwan Son
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Min
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Chae-Bin Na
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gawon Yi
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Active Targeting Strategies Using Biological Ligands for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050640. [PMID: 31072061 PMCID: PMC6562917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticle (NP) carriers to sites of disease is critical for their successful use as drug delivery systems. Along with optimization of physicochemical properties, researchers have focused on surface modification of NPs with biological ligands. Such ligands can bind specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Furthermore, biological ligands can facilitate uptake of modified NPs, which is referred to as 'active targeting' of NPs. In this review, we discuss recent applications of biological ligands including proteins, polysaccharides, aptamers, peptides, and small molecules for NP-mediated drug delivery. We prioritized studies that have demonstrated targeting in animals over in vitro studies. We expect that this review will assist biomedical researchers working with NPs for drug delivery and imaging.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee H, Son J, Yi G, Koo H, Park JB. Cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation potential of human gingiva-derived stem cells in 2D culture following treatment with anionic, cationic, and neutral liposomes containing doxorubicin. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4457-4462. [PMID: 30542395 PMCID: PMC6257618 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of doxorubicin, particularly doxorubicin liposome, on stem cells have remained to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of anionic, cationic and neutral liposomes loaded with doxorubicin on the viability and osteogenic differentiation potential of human gingiva-derived stem cells in two-dimensional culture. Doxorubicin-loaded liposomes were prepared using the traditional thin-lipid-film hydration method. Stem cells were seeded on a culture plate and maintained in osteogenic media. The morphology of the stem cells was observed under an inverted microscope. The number of viable cells was determined using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 assay. The alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed and Alizarin Red S staining was performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. A higher concentration of doxorubicin caused noticeable changes in the morphology of the stem cells. Decreases in cellular viability were observed after applying doxorubicin. The application of doxorubicin, particularly at higher concentrations, produced a noticeable decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S staining. The present study indicated that application of doxorubicin with or without liposomes reduced the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation. Among the different treatments, the doxorubicin-loaded cationic liposomes induced the strongest reduction in the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation in the stem cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Son
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Yi
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Optimized phospholipid-based nanoparticles for inner ear drug delivery and therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 171:133-143. [PMID: 29689410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop efficient carriers for inner ear drug delivery, we prepared four kinds of phospholipid-based nanoparticles: neutral, anionic, cationic, and cationic-PEG (polyethyleneglycol) particles. PEG was used to maintain long-term particle circulation in the perilymph, avoiding non-specific binding of particles to proteins. All four nanoparticles were about 200 nm in diameter, and their zeta potentials were -4.32, -26.0, +25.8, and -0.28, respectively, for neutral, anionic, cationic, and cationic-PEG nanoparticles. To test particle efficacy in vitro, we used an artificial mucosa 100 μm in thickness to model the round window membrane (RWM) and HEI-OC1 cells, which were treated with particles containing Nile Red dye. Based on the levels of particle penetration and cellular uptake in this model system, we selected an optimal particle for further study. We also observed the movement of particles in ex vivo organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti. In mice, we analyzed the biodistribution of dexamethasone (Dex) in the inner ear after intratympanic injection of Dex-loaded nanoparticles. Then, we tested the therapeutic utility of the Dex-loaded nanoparticles in a mouse model of ototoxicity. In the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, particle provided improved hearing loss recovery at all tested frequencies, more so than did the Dex sodium phosphate (Dex-SP) solution in current clinical use. Furthermore, quantitative PCR showed that nanoparticles reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects superior to those of Dex-SP. Thus, the surface properties of nanoparticles play pivotal roles in particle penetration and distribution after intratympanic injection. Our in vitro screening system using an artificial mucosa will also be valuable in the development of carriers for inner ear drug delivery.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee H, Son J, Na CB, Yi G, Koo H, Park JB. The effects of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes on viability, stem cell surface marker expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4950-4960. [PMID: 29805519 PMCID: PMC5958669 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of anionic, cationic and neutral liposomes containing doxorubicin on the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids. Doxorubicin-loaded liposomes were prepared using the traditional thin-lipid-film-hydration method and were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and a zeta potential analyzer. The doxorubicin release profile from these liposomes was also analyzed in vitro. Three-dimensional cell spheroids were fabricated using silicon elastomer-based concave microwells. Qualitative results of cellular viability were observed using a confocal microscope and quantitative cellular viability was evaluated using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Furthermore, the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor was evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of collagen I and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Results indicated that the spheroids were well formed in silicon elastomer-based concave microwells on day 1. In general, the shapes of the cells in the in the doxorubicin-loaded anionic, cationic and neutral liposome groups were similar to the control group except for the 10 µg/ml groups on days 3, 5, and 7. No significant changes in cellular viability were noted with the addition of doxorubicin at day 1 but significant decreases in cellular viability were noted with application of doxorubicin at day 5. Notably, higher concentrations of doxorubicin reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and stem cell marker expression. To conclude, the present study indicated that doxorubicin-loaded anionic liposomes produced the most sustained release profile and cationic liposomes produced the highest uptake of the stem cell spheroids. These findings suggested that higher concentrations of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes affected cellular viability, the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and stem cell marker expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Son
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Bin Na
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Yi
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee S, Jung S, Koo H, Na JH, Yoon HY, Shim MK, Park J, Kim JH, Lee S, Pomper MG, Kwon IC, Ahn CH, Kim K. Nano-sized metabolic precursors for heterogeneous tumor-targeting strategy using bioorthogonal click chemistry in vivo. Biomaterials 2017; 148:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
12
|
Na JH, Koo H, Lee S, Han SJ, Lee KE, Kim S, Lee H, Lee S, Choi K, Kwon IC, Kim K. Precise Targeting of Liver Tumor Using Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles: Mechanisms, Key Factors, and Their Implications. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3700-3711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Na
- Center for Theragnosis,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Center
for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College
of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Center
for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Center for Theragnosis,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for NanoCentury
and BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for NanoCentury
and BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Center
for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kuiwon Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST School, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis,
Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Na JH, Lee S, Koo H, Han H, Lee KE, Han SJ, Choi SH, Kim H, Lee S, Kwon IC, Choi K, Kim K. T1-Weighted MR imaging of liver tumor by gadolinium-encapsulated glycol chitosan nanoparticles without non-specific toxicity in normal tissues. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9736-9745. [PMID: 27113247 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized Gd(iii)-encapsulated glycol chitosan nanoparticles (Gd(iii)-CNPs) for tumor-targeted T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The T1 contrast agent, Gd(iii), was successfully encapsulated into 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-modified CNPs to form stable Gd(iii)-encapsulated CNPs (Gd(iii)-CNPs) with an average particle size of approximately 280 nm. The stable nanoparticle structure of Gd(iii)-CNPs is beneficial for liver tumor accumulation by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Moreover, the amine groups on the surface of Gd(iii)-CNPs could be protonated and could induce fast cellular uptake at acidic pH in tumor tissue. To assay the tumor-targeting ability of Cy5.5-labeled Gd(iii)-CNPs, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging and MR imaging were used in a liver tumor model as well as a subcutaneous tumor model. Cy5.5-labeled Gd(iii)-CNPs generated highly intense fluorescence and T1 MR signals in tumor tissues after intravenous injection, while DOTAREM®, the commercialized control MR contrast agent, showed very low tumor-targeting efficiency on MR images. Furthermore, damaged tissues were found in the livers and kidneys of mice injected with DOTAREM®, but there were no obvious adverse effects with Gd(iii)-CNPs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the superiority of Gd(iii)-CNPs as a tumor-targeting T1 MR agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Na
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA and The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA and The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyounkoo Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA and The Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and KU-KIST School, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuiwon Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang L, Yan C, Cui D, Yan Y, Liu X, Lu X, Tan X, Lu X, Xu J, Xu Y, Liu R. Organic Radical Contrast Agents Based on Polyacetylenes Containing 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-Oxyl (TEMPO): Targeted Magnetic Resonance (MR)/Optical Bimodal Imaging of Folate Receptor Expressing HeLa Tumors in Vitro and in Vivoa. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:788-98. [PMID: 25677802 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
- Department of Radiology; Guangdong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital; Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Danting Cui
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yichen Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiangliang Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bersani S, Vila-Caballer M, Brazzale C, Barattin M, Salmaso S. pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) decorated liposomes for the delivery of gemcitabine to cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:670-82. [PMID: 25157908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel, acid-sensitive liposomes that respond to physiopathological pH for tumour targeting applications were obtained by surface decoration with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (mPEG-DSPE) and stearoyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) copolymer (stearoyl-PEG-polySDM). The pH-sensitive stearoyl-PEG-polySDM copolymer contained an average of seven methacryloyl sulfadimethoxines per molecule and was found to possess an apparent pKa of 7.2. Preliminary cloud point studies showed that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer conversion occurred at pH 7.0. The copolymer was soluble above pH 7.0 and underwent aggregation at lower pH. Liposome formulations were prepared with 0.2:0.6:100, 0.5:1.5:100 and 1:3:100 mPEG-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratios. All of the liposome formulations were stable at pH 7.4, even in the presence of foetal bovine serum, but they underwent rapid size increase at pH 6.5. TEM analysis showed that, at pH 6.5, the formulations coated with a stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratio greater than 1:100 underwent aggregation. At pH 7.4, the liposomes showed negative zeta potential that significantly decreased after incubation at pH 6.5. Cell-culture studies indicated that the liposomes were not toxic up to 10mg/mL. Fluorescence spectroscopy, cytofluorimetry and confocal microscopy showed that at pH 6.5, the incubation of MCF-7 tumour cells with fluorescein-labelled 1:3:100 mPEG-DSPE/stearoyl-PEG-polySDM/lipids molar ratio liposomes resulted in time-dependent cell association, while at pH 7.4 the cell interaction was significantly lower. The same pH-responsive liposome formulation loaded with gemcitabine (98.2±4.7nmol gemcitabine/lipid μmol loading capacity) was stable at pH 7.4 for several hours, while at pH 6.5 it rapidly aggregated. At pH 6.5, these liposomes displayed higher cytotoxicity than at pH 7.4 or compared to non-responsive control liposomes at both incubation pH. Notably, treatment with free gemcitabine did not yield cytotoxic effects, indicating that the carrier can efficiently deliver the anticancer drug to the cytosolic compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bersani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Barattin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Advances in imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for early in vivo cancer assessment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:53-74. [PMID: 24120351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chapter in the history of medical diagnosis happened when the first X-ray technology was invented in the late 1800s. Since then, many non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging techniques have been invented for clinical diagnosis to research in cellular biology, drug discovery, and disease monitoring. These imaging modalities have leveraged the benefits of significant advances in computer, electronics, and information technology and, more recently, targeted molecular imaging. The development of targeted contrast agents such as fluorescent and nanoparticle probes coupled with optical imaging techniques has made it possible to selectively view specific biological events and processes in both in vivo and ex vivo systems with great sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, the combination of targeted molecular imaging probes and optical imaging techniques have become a mainstay in modern medicinal and biological research. Many promising results have demonstrated great potentials to translate to clinical applications. In this review, we describe a discussion of employing imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Saadat E, Amini M, Dinarvand R, Dorkoosh FA. Polymeric micelles based on hyaluronic acid and phospholipids: Design, characterization, and cytotoxicity. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saadat
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran 14399-56131 Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran 14155-6451 Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran 14399-56131 Iran
| | - Farid A. Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran 14399-56131 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kenny GD, Bienemann AS, Tagalakis AD, Pugh JA, Welser K, Campbell F, Tabor AB, Hailes HC, Gill SS, Lythgoe MF, McLeod CW, White EA, Hart SL. Multifunctional receptor-targeted nanocomplexes for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the brain. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9190-200. [PMID: 23948162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method of direct injection to the brain that can achieve widespread dispersal of therapeutics, including gene therapies, from a single dose. Non-viral, nanocomplexes are of interest as vectors for gene therapy in the brain, but it is essential that administration should achieve maximal dispersal to minimise the number of injections required. We hypothesised that anionic nanocomplexes administered by CED should disperse more widely in rat brains than cationics of similar size, which bind electrostatically to cell-surface anionic moieties such as proteoglycans, limiting their spread. Anionic, receptor-targeted nanocomplexes (RTN) containing a neurotensin-targeting peptide were prepared with plasmid DNA and compared with cationic RTNs for dispersal and transfection efficiency. Both RTNs were labelled with gadolinium for localisation in the brain by MRI and in brain sections by LA-ICP-MS, as well as with rhodamine fluorophore for detection by fluorescence microscopy. MRI distribution studies confirmed that the anionic RTNs dispersed more widely than cationic RTNs, particularly in the corpus callosum. Gene expression levels from anionic formulations were similar to those of cationic RTNs. Thus, anionic RTN formulations can achieve both widespread dispersal and effective gene expression in brains after administration of a single dose by CED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Kenny
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|