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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Dendrimer Porphyrins: Applications in Nanomedicine. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201026203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a fascinating field of multidisciplinary study focused on developing
techniques that fight various diseases using nanoparticles. Among the various nanoparticles
used in nanomedicine, dendrimers have received increasing interest in recent years because
of the versatility that their structural characteristics give them. Specifically, dendrimer
porphyrins are compounds that incorporate macro heterocyclic-aromatic units within the dendritic
architecture and exhibit interesting photodynamic properties that are used to combat
various diseases using non-invasive methods. In the past 17 years, few studies of the application
of dendrimer porphyrins in nanomedicine have been published. This review focuses on
presenting recent studies of dendrimer porphyrins with possible applications in the field of
nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
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Odai S, Ito H, Kamachi T. Dendrimer porphyrins as the oxygen sensor for intracellular imaging to suppress interaction towards biological molecules. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:178-184. [PMID: 31777418 PMCID: PMC6877409 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical methods using phosphorescence quenching by oxygen are suitable for the measurement of oxygen concentration within cells. In cells, however, the dyes such as Pt-porphyrins interact with biological components so that their optical properties are changed. Therefore, the absolute oxygen concentration determination in cells is difficult. To suppress this interaction, we focussed on porphyrin-cored dendrimers (dendrimer-porphyrins) and synthesized 2nd–4th generation dendrimer-porphyrins with various surface functional groups (G2–G4, ARG, αGLU and γGLU). These dendrimer-porphyrins showed oxygen sensing property and the change of their spectroscopic properties by biomolecules was supressed. Additionally, the dendrimer-porphyrins were accumulated in cells even in the presence of serum, so oxygen concentration imaging without the effect of serum starvation was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Odai
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ito
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kamachi
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Liu T, Chen S, Zhang S, Wu X, Wu P, Miao B, Cai X. Transferrin-functionalized chitosan-graft-poly(l-lysine) dendrons as a high-efficiency gene delivery carrier for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4314-4325. [PMID: 32254507 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The co-polymer of transferrin-conjugated chitosan-graft-poly(l-lysine) dendrons was used to deliver the MMP-9 shRNA plasmid effectively for nasopharyngeal carcinoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Guangdong General Hospital
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Guangdong General Hospital
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Guangdong General Hospital
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Xidong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology
- Jiangxi Testing Center of Medical Instruments
- Nanchang 330029
- China
| | - Peina Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Guangdong General Hospital
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Beiping Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen Second People Hospital
- Shenzhen 518035
- China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Department of Light Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Polytechnic
- Foshan 528041
- China
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Function Oriented Molecular Design: Dendrimers as Novel Antimicrobials. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101581. [PMID: 28934169 PMCID: PMC6151464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years innovative nanostructures are attracting increasing interest and, among them, dendrimers have shown several fields of application. Dendrimers can be designed and modified in plentiful ways giving rise to hundreds of different molecules with specific characteristics and functionalities. Biomedicine is probably the field where these molecules find extraordinary applicability, and this is probably due to their multi-valency and to the fact that several other chemicals can be coupled to them to obtain desired compounds. In this review we will describe the different production strategies and the tools and technologies for the study of their characteristics. Finally, we provide a panoramic overview of their applications to meet biomedical needs, especially their use as novel antimicrobials.
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Wang H, Huang Q, Chang H, Xiao J, Cheng Y. Stimuli-responsive dendrimers in drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:375-90. [PMID: 26806314 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers have shown great promise as carriers in drug delivery due to their unique structures and superior properties. However, the precise control of payload release from a dendrimer matrix still presents a great challenge. Stimuli-responsive dendrimers that release payloads in response to a specific trigger could offer distinct clinical advantages over those dendrimers that release payloads passively. These smart polymers are designed to specifically release their payloads at targeted regions or at constant release profiles for specific therapies. They represent an attractive alternative to targeted dendrimers and enable dendrimer-based therapeutics to be more effective, more convenient, and much safer. The wide range of stimuli, either endogenous (acid, enzyme, and redox potentials) or exogenous (light, ultrasound, and temperature change), allows great flexibility in the design of stimuli-responsive dendrimers. In this review article, we will highlight recent advances and opportunities in the development of stimuli-responsive dendrimers for the treatment of various diseases, with emphasis on cancer. Specifically, the applications of stimuli-responsive dendrimers in drug delivery as well as their mechanisms are intensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China. and Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Tailoring the dendrimer core for efficient gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:1-11. [PMID: 26923528 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers have been widely used as non-viral gene vectors due to well-defined chemical structures, high density of cationic charges and ease of surface modification. Although a large number of studies have reported the important roles of dendrimer architecture, component, generation and surface functionality in gene delivery, the effect of dendrimer core on this issue still remains unclear. Recent literatures suggest that a slight alternation in dendrimer core has a profound effect in the transfection efficacy and biocompatibility. In this review, we will discuss the transfection mechanism of dendrimers with different types of cores in respect of flexibility, hydrophobicity and functionality. We hope to open a possibility of designing efficient dendrimers for gene delivery by choosing a proper dendrimer core. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE As a branch of researches on dendrimers and dendritic polymers, the design of biocompatible and high efficient polymeric gene carriers has attracted increasing attentions during these years. Although the effect of dendrimer generation, species, architecture and surface functionality on gene delivery have been widely reported, the effect of dendrimer core on this issue still remains unclear. Recent literatures suggest that a minor variation on the dendrimer core has a profound effect in the transfection efficacy and biocompatibility. This critical review summarized the dendrimers with different types of cores and discussed the transfection mechanism with particular focus on the flexibility, hydrophobicity, and functionality. It is hoped to provide a new insight to design efficient and safe dendrimer-based gene vectors by choosing a proper core. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the effect of dendrimer core on gene delivery. The findings obtained in this filed are of central importance in the design of efficient polymeric gene vectors. This article will appeal a wide readership such as physical chemist, dendrimer chemist, biological chemist, pharmaceutical scientist, and biomaterial researchers. We hope that this review article can be published by Acta Biomaterialia, a top journal that publishes important reviews in the field of biomaterials science.
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Ladomenou K, Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG. “Click”-reaction: An alternative tool for new architectures of porphyrin based derivatives. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Chang H, Cheng Y. Surface-Engineered Dendrimers in Gene Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5274-300. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500542t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiepin Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of
Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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Rinkenauer AC, Schubert S, Traeger A, Schubert US. The influence of polymer architecture on in vitro pDNA transfection. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7477-7493. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of polymer-based gene delivery, the tuning potential of polymers by using different architectures like graft- and star-shaped polymers as well as self-assembled block copolymers is immense. In the last years numerous new polymer designs showed enhanced transfections properties in combination with a good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Rinkenauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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Lourenço LMO, Iglesias BA, Pereira PMR, Girão H, Fernandes R, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Tomé JPC. Synthesis, characterization and biomolecule-binding properties of novel tetra-platinum(ii)-thiopyridylporphyrins. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:530-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New tetra-platinum(ii)-thiopyridylporphyrin complexes and their DNA binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia M. R. Pereira
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Henrique Girão
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences
- IBILI
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra
- 3000-548 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- IBILI
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Coimbra
- 3000-548 Coimbra
| | | | | | - João P. C. Tomé
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Department of Organic Chemistry
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Kesharwani P, Iyer AK. Recent advances in dendrimer-based nanovectors for tumor-targeted drug and gene delivery. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:536-47. [PMID: 25555748 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the application of nanotechnology in medicine have given rise to multifunctional smart nanocarriers that can be engineered with tunable physicochemical characteristics to deliver one or more therapeutic agent(s) safely and selectively to cancer cells, including intracellular organelle-specific targeting. Dendrimers having properties resembling biomolecules, with well-defined 3D nanopolymeric architectures, are emerging as a highly attractive class of drug and gene delivery vector. The presence of numerous peripheral functional groups on hyperbranched dendrimers affords efficient conjugation of targeting ligands and biomarkers that can recognize and bind to receptors overexpressed on cancer cells for tumor-cell-specific delivery. The present review compiles the recent advances in dendrimer-mediated drug and gene delivery to tumors by passive and active targeting principles with illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kesharwani
- Use-inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Ma D, Lin QM, Zhang LM, Liang YY, Xue W. A star-shaped porphyrin-arginine functionalized poly(l-lysine) copolymer for photo-enhanced drug and gene co-delivery. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu T, Xue W, Ke B, Xie MQ, Ma D. Star-shaped cyclodextrin-poly(l-lysine) derivative co-delivering docetaxel and MMP-9 siRNA plasmid in cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3865-72. [PMID: 24486215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new cyclodextrin derivative (CD-PLLD) consisting of a β-cyclodextrin core and poly(l-lysine) dendron arms was prepared by the click conjugation of per-6-azido-b-cyclodextrin with propargyl focal point poly(l-lysine) dendron of third generation, and then used for docetaxel (DOC) and the best siRNA plasmid targeting MMP-9 (pMR3) co-delivery. Different from commonly used amphiphilic copolymers with cationic character, the as obtained cyclodextrin derivative may be used directly for the combinatorial delivery of nucleic acid and lipophilic anticancer drugs without a complicated micellization process. It was found that CD-PLLD/pMR3 nanocomplex showed a good gene transfection efficiency in vitro, and could mediate the reduce of MMP-9 protein in HNE-1 cells. For co-delivery analysis, the obtained CD-PLLD/DOC/pMR3 complexes could induce a more significant apoptosis than DOC or pMR3 used only, and decreased invasive capacity of HNE-1 cells. Moreover, the star-shaped copolymer exhibited better blood compatibility and lower cytotoxicity compared to PEI-25k in the hemolysis and MTT assays, which should be encouraged in nasopharyngeal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo Ke
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Hematological Oncology and Cell Biology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Min-Qiang Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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