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Brand JS, Forster L, Böck T, Stahlhut P, Teßmar J, Groll J, Albrecht K. Covalently Crosslinked Pig Gastric Mucin Hydrogels Prepared by Radical-based Chain-Growth and Thiol-ene Mechanisms. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100274. [PMID: 34951511 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mucin, a high molecular mass hydrophilic glycoprotein, is the main component of mucus that coats every wet epithelium in animals. It is thus intrinsically biocompatible, and with its protein backbone and the o-glycosidic bound oligosaccharides, it contains a plethora of functional groups which can be used for further chemical modifications. In this study we introduce and compare chain-growth and step-growth (thiol-ene) free-radical crosslinked hydrogels prepared from commercially available pig gastric mucin (PGM) as cost-efficient and easily accessible alternative to the more broadly applied bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM). For this, PGM was functionalized with photoreactive acrylate groups or allylether-moieties, respectively. Whereas homopolymerization of acrylate functionalized polymers was performed, for thiol-ene crosslinking, the allylether functionalized PGM was cross-linked with thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA). Morphology, mechanical properties, and cell compatibility of both kinds of PGM hydrogels are characterized and compared. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of these hydrogels could be evaluated in cell culture experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Brand
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Thomas Böck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, D-97070, Germany
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Marczynski M, Kimna C, Lieleg O. Purified mucins in drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113845. [PMID: 34166760 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the field of drug delivery remains the development of strategies to efficiently transport pharmaceuticals across mucus barriers, which regulate the passage and retention of molecules and particles in all luminal spaces of the body. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which govern such selective permeability, is key for achieving efficient translocation of drugs and drug carriers. For this purpose, model systems based on purified mucins can contribute valuable information. In this review, we summarize advances that were made in the field of drug delivery research with such mucin-based model systems: First, we give an overview of mucin purification procedures and discuss the suitability of model systems reconstituted from purified mucins to mimic native mucus. Then, we summarize techniques to study mucin binding. Finally, we highlight approaches that made use of mucins as building blocks for drug delivery platforms or employ mucins as active compounds.
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Lutz TM, Marczynski M, Grill MJ, Wall WA, Lieleg O. Repulsive Backbone-Backbone Interactions Modulate Access to Specific and Unspecific Binding Sites on Surface-Bound Mucins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12973-12982. [PMID: 33090801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the matrix-forming key components of mucus, the innate protective barrier protecting us from pathogenic attack. However, this barrier is constantly challenged by mucin-degrading enzymes, which tend to target anionic glycan chains such as sulfate groups and sialic acid residues. Here, we demonstrate that the efficiency of both unspecific and specific binding of small molecules to mucins is reduced when sulfate groups are enzymatically removed from mucins; this is unexpected because neither of the specific mucin-binding partners tested here targets these sulfate motifs on the mucin glycoprotein. Based on simulation results obtained from a numerical model of the mucin macromolecule, we propose that anionic motifs along the mucin chain establish intramolecular repulsion forces which maintain an elongated mucin conformation. In the absence of these repulsive forces, the mucin seems to adopt a more compacted structure, in which the accessibility of several binding sites is restricted. Our results contribute to a better understanding on how different glycans contribute to the broad spectrum of functions mucin glycoproteins have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Lutz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Marczynski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Grill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Petrou G, Crouzier T. Mucins as multifunctional building blocks of biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2282-2297. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucins glycoproteins are emerging as a multifunctional building block for biomaterials with diverse applications in chemistry and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Petrou
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan
- Stockholm
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan
- Stockholm
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