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Jiang YK, Li W, Qiu YY, Yue M. Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2318-2334. [PMID: 38994153 PMCID: PMC11236256 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified. However, monoclonal antibodies, due to their large molecular weight, inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and drug resistance, lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy, so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib, have the advantages of small molecular weight, penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability, and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future. Antibo-drug conjugate, such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing, and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. Therefore, after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients, various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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Liu ZQ. Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115987. [PMID: 38056297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside has situated the convergence point in the discovery of novel drugs for decades, and a large number of nucleoside derivatives have been constructed for screening novel pharmacological properties at various experimental platforms. Notably, nearly 20 nucleosides are approved to be used in the clinic treatment of various cancers. Nevertheless, the blossom of synthetic nucleoside analogs in comparison with the scarcity of nucleoside anticancer drugs leads to a question: Is it still worth insisting on the screening of novel anticancer drugs from nucleoside derivatives? Hence, this review attempts to emphasize the importance of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Firstly, we introduce the metabolic procedures of nucleoside anticancer drug (such as 5-fluorouracil) and summarize the designing of novel nucleoside anticancer candidates based on clinically used nucleoside anticancer drugs (such as gemcitabine). Furthermore, we collect anticancer properties of some recently synthesized nucleoside analogs, aiming at emphasizing the availability of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Finally, a variety of synthetic strategies including the linkage of sugar moiety with nucleobase scaffold, modifications on the sugar moiety, and variations on the nucleobase structure are collected to exhibit the abundant protocols in the achievement of nucleoside analogs. Taken the above discussions collectively, nucleoside still advantages for the finding of novel anticancer drugs because of the clearly metabolic procedures, successfully clinic applications, and abundantly synthetic routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Gabriele F, Palerma M, Ippoliti R, Angelucci F, Pitari G, Ardini M. Recent Advances on Affibody- and DARPin-Conjugated Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108680. [PMID: 37240041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Affibodies and designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are synthetic proteins originally derived from the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor protein A and the human ankyrin repeat proteins, respectively. The use of these molecules in healthcare has been recently proposed as they are endowed with biochemical and biophysical features heavily demanded to target and fight diseases, as they have a strong binding affinity, solubility, small size, multiple functionalization sites, biocompatibility, and are easy to produce; furthermore, impressive chemical and thermal stability can be achieved. especially when using affibodies. In this sense, several examples reporting on affibodies and DARPins conjugated to nanomaterials have been published, demonstrating their suitability and feasibility in nanomedicine for cancer therapy. This minireview provides a survey of the most recent studies describing affibody- and DARPin-conjugated zero-dimensional nanomaterials, including inorganic, organic, and biological nanoparticles, nanorods, quantum dots, liposomes, and protein- and DNA-based assemblies for targeted cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gabriele
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Palerma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pitari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Matteo Ardini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Du C, Jiao J, Zhang H. Biomimetic nanochannels for molybdate transport: application to sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for HER2. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:53. [PMID: 36640214 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A nanochannel-based electrochemical immunoassay was developed for the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with molybdate as the reporter to explore the interaction occurring into the nanochannels. The presence of target increased steric hindrance of the antibody-functionalized nanochannels, thereby hindering the transport of molybdate. And the reporter could be monitored by working electrode modified with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, based on the formation of the redox-active molybdophosphate. As a result, peak current obtained at ca. - 0.28 V in square wave voltammograms could be applied to quantitative determination of HER2. The electrochemical signal increased linearly with the logarithm of the concentration of HER2 in a broad dynamic range of 0.1 pg∙mL-1 to 10 ng∙mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.05 pg∙mL-1. The reliability of this immunoassay was validated by a recovery range of 99.5% to 111.7% for the detection of three different levels of HER2 in human serum samples. Integrating with multiple bionanochannels, this immunoassay is expected to provide a versatile approach for quantitative detection of various biomarkers in related disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Fàbrega C, Clua A, Eritja R, Aviñó A. Oligonucleotides Carrying Nucleoside Antimetabolites as Potential Prodrugs. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1304-1319. [PMID: 34844535 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211129124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleoside and nucleobase antimetabolites are an important class of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. INTRODUCTION In order to avoid undesirable side effects, several prodrug strategies have been developed. In the present review, we describe a relatively unknown strategy that consists of using oligonucleotides modified with nucleoside antimetabolites as prodrugs. METHODS The active nucleotides are generated by enzymatic degradation once incorporated into cells. This strategy has attracted large interest and is widely utilized at present due to the continuous developments made in therapeutic oligonucleotides and the recent advances in nanomaterials and nanomedicine. RESULTS A large research effort was made mainly in the improvement of the antiproliferative properties of nucleoside homopolymers, but recently, chemically modified aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides and/or siRNA carrying antiproliferative nucleotides have demonstrated a great potential due to the synergetic effect of both therapeutic entities. In addition, DNA nanostructures with interesting properties have been built to combine antimetabolites and enhancers of cellular uptake in the same scaffold. Finally, protein nanoparticles functionalized with receptor-binders and antiproliferative oligomers represent a new avenue for a more effective treatment in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION It is expected that oligonucleotides carrying nucleoside antimetabolites will be considered as potential drugs in the near future for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Fàbrega
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Clua
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang F, Zhang C, Fu S, Liu H, Han M, Fan X, Zhang H, Li W. Amphiphilic Cationic Peptide-Coated PHA Nanosphere as an Efficient Vector for Multiple-Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3024. [PMID: 36080060 PMCID: PMC9457696 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic core-shell (ACS) nanoparticles are gaining increasing research interest for multi-drug delivery in cancer therapy. In this work, a new cationic peptide-coated PHA nanosphere was prepared by self-assembly of a hydrophobic core of biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and a hydrophilic shell of fusion proteins of PHA granule-associated protein (PhaP) and cationic peptide RALA through a strong hydrophobic effect. The hydrophobic drug curcumin (Cur) was encapsulated in PHBHHx nanoparticles. The chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered in the form of its metabolite oligomeric 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR). Fifteen consecutive FUdR (FUdR15S) were adsorbed on the surface of PHBHHx nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction with RALA to form Cur@PHBX-PR/FUdR15S. Such amphiphilic cationic nanospheres had 88.3% EE of Cur and the drug loading of Cur and FUdR were 7.8% and 12.1%. The dual-drug-loaded nanospheres showed a time-differential release of Cur and FUdR. In addition, Cur@PHBX-PR/FUdR15S exhibited excellent anticancer activity and played a vital role in promoting the synergistic effect of FUdR and Cur in gastric cancer cells. The exploration of antitumor mechanisms demonstrated that Cur improved the activity of apoptosis-related proteins and cancer cells sensitized to FUdR. This amphiphilic core-shell system can serve as a general platform for sequential delivery of multiple drugs to treat several cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Shuangqing Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huandi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengnan Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang F, Han M, Wang X, Du J, Zhang H, Li W. Affibody Modified G-quadruplex DNA Micelles Incorporating Polymeric 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine for Targeted Delivery of Curcumin to Enhance Synergetic Therapy of HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040696. [PMID: 35215023 PMCID: PMC8879187 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is emerging as an important strategy for cancer treatment with decreased side effects. However, chemotherapeutic drugs with different solubility are not easy to realize co-delivery in traditional nanocarriers. Herein, an affibody modified G-quadruplex DNA micellar prodrug (affi-F/GQs) of hydrophilic 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) by integrating polymeric FUdRs into DNA strands is developed for the first time. To achieve synergistic efficacy with hydrophobic drugs, curcumin (Cur) is co-loaded into affi-F/GQs micelles to prepare the dual drug-loaded DNA micelles (Cur@affi-F/GQs), in which affibody is employed as a targeting moiety to facilitate HER2 receptor-mediated uptake. Cur@affi-F/GQs have a small size of approximately 130 nm and exhibit excellent stability. The system co-delivers FUdR and Cur in a ratiometric manner, and the drug loading rates are 21.1% and 5.6%, respectively. Compared with the physical combination of FUdR and Cur, Cur@affi-F/GQs show higher cytotoxicity and greater synergistic effect on HER2 positive gastric cancer N87 cells. Surprisingly, Cur@affi-F/GQs significantly enhance the expression and activity of apoptosis-associated proteins in Bcl-2/Bax-caspase 8, 9-caspase 3 apoptotic pathway, which is the main factor in the death of tumor cells induced by FUdR. Overall, this nanoencapsulation is a promising candidate for the targeted co-delivery of drugs with significant differences in solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
- Department of Life Science, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Shuangqing Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Fanghua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Mengnan Han
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Xuming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Jie Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province-Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (C.Z.); (S.F.); (F.Z.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.L.)
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Shipunova VO, Deyev SM. Artificial Scaffold Polypeptides As an Efficient Tool for the Targeted Delivery of Nanostructures In Vitro and In Vivo. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:54-72. [PMID: 35441046 PMCID: PMC9013437 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional tools for the targeted delivery of nanostructures, such
as antibodies, transferrin, lectins, or aptamers, often leads to an entire
range of undesirable effects. The large size of antibodies often does not allow
one to reach the required number of molecules on the surface of nanostructures
during modification, and the constant domains of heavy chains, due to their
effector functions, can induce phagocytosis. In the recent two decades,
targeted polypeptide scaffold molecules of a non-immunoglobulin nature,
antibody mimetics, have emerged as much more effective targeting tools. They
are small in size (3–20 kDa), possess high affinity (from subnano- to
femtomolar binding constants), low immunogenicity, and exceptional
thermodynamic stability. These molecules can be effectively produced in
bacterial cells, and, using genetic engineering manipulations, it is possible
to create multispecific fusion proteins for the targeting of nanoparticles to
cells with a given molecular portrait, which makes scaffold polypeptides an
optimal tool for theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. O. Shipunova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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Dhritlahre RK, Saneja A. Recent advances in HER2-targeted delivery for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1319-1329. [PMID: 33359114 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a tyrosine kinase receptor with a molecular mass of 185kDa, is overexpressed in several cancers, such as breast, gastric, ovary, prostate, and lung. HER2 is a promising target in cancer therapy because of its crucial role in cell migration, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis through various intracellular signaling cascades. This receptor is an ideal target for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents because of its accessibility to the extracellular domain. In this review, we highlight different HER2-targeting strategies and various approaches for HER2-targeted delivery systems to improve outcomes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Dhritlahre
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Chen Q, Dai Y, Li T. MicroRNA-139 inhibits pancreatic-cancer carcinogenesis by suppressing RalB via the Ral/RAC/PI3K pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 704:108719. [PMID: 33290747 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a class of conserved small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that post-transcriptionally regulate their downstream target genes. Existing evidence indicates that abnormal expression of mRNAs results in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we explored the potential role of miRNA-139 (miR-139) as a biomarker in the monitoring and treatment of PC. We demonstrated that expression of miR-139 was significantly downregulated in PC cells and tissues. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-139 significantly inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of PC cells. We carried out microarray analysis and transcriptome sequencing to find the potential target of miR-139 in PC cells, and the results showed that miR-139 targeted Ras-like proto-oncogene B (RalB). Luciferase reporter experiments verified that high level of RalB could reverse the proliferation and invasion of PC cells overexpressing miR-139. Using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, we found that miR-139 likely affected PC cell cycle by targeting RalB via the Ral/protein kinase B (Akt) serine/threonine kinase 1 (RAC)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, thus affecting cell proliferation. This presumption was further confirmed in our in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our examination of PC tissues suggested that the expression of miR-139 was negatively correlated with that of RalB. Taken together, our results implied that miR-139 could suppress tumor growth and metastasis in PC by targeting RalB, revealing the potential role of miR-139 as a biomarker for the monitoring and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yongmei Dai
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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